Maximum Bulb Weight Research Articles

Screening of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Genotypes for High Yield Potential in Mid Hills Region of Himachal Pradesh

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important bulbous vegetable crops, belongs to the family Amaryllidaceae. Thirty genotypes were taken under study. Sufficient significant variation was observed among all the genotypes for all the characters under study. The maximum plant height was seen in the genotype UHF-ONI-13 (69.08 cm) while, minimum in the genotype UHF-ONI-7 (34.15 cm). Highest polar diameter and equatorial were represented by the genotype UHF-ONI-13 (5.59 cm) and Bhima Kiran (5.99 cm), respectively. There were nine genotypes which exhibited globular shape, three showed torpedo shape and eighteen showed flat shape. The majority, comprising 18 genotypes, exhibited a dark red color for their bulb skinThe genotype recorded to have earliest 50 per cent neck fall was UHF-ONI-4 (129.67 days). Maximum bulb weight was recorded by the genotype UHF-ONI-13 (82.95 g). Bulb yield per plot and per hectare was observed maximum in UHF-ONI-13 (8.19 kg and 436.86 q). UHF-ONI-13, UHF-ONI-15 and UHF-ONI-16 performed better than other genotypes for yield and other imperative horticultural characters. Thus, these genotypes can be used for further breeding improvement programmes of onion for different traits.

Evaluation of the Off-season Production of Bulb Onion (Allium cepa L.) in Mongar

Bulb onion is one of the important commercial crops cultivated by the farmers in all the districts, and onion has been identified as one of the mandatory vegetable crops in Bhutan. The crop requires about five to six-month growing period from sowing till harvest. The harvest season coincides with the onset of the monsoon season and post-harvest losses due to high humidity and poor post-harvest management are high. With steady demand for the crop throughout the year and low domestic production, the current production cannot meet the market demand. Hence, substantial quantities of bulb onion are imported. Promotion of off-season bulb onion production with the harvest season during the dry season could minimize post-harvest losses and make it available in the market all year round. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate two bulb onion varieties, namely Pune Red and Pink onion 1358 for off-season production. The experiment was conducted at Lingmethang (600 masl) and Wengkhar (1650 masl) in the 2022 cropping season in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and two treatments. The results indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05) in bulb height, weight, plant height, and neck diameter but no significant difference in bulb width. The maximum bulb weight 306.7 g was recorded at the Lingmethang station in the Pink 1358 variety. The yield obtained was 18.68 MT/acre for Pink 1358, 19.20 MT/acre for Pune Red at Lingmethang station, and 13.35 MT/acre for Pink 1358, 13.08 MT/acre for Pune Red at Wengkhar station. However, there was no significant difference (P >0.05) in yield in both stations. This study found that bulb onion production is feasible between August to March months in the mid-elevations upto 1650 masl. However, the best location for bulb onion production would be in the lower elevation where the yields are higher compared to the mid-elevation.

Combined Application of Azolla and Inorganic Potassium Fertilizer Influence the Growth, Yield and Storability of Onion in Alluvial Soil

ABSTRACT Azolla (Azolla pinnata R. Br.) is an aquatic fern that supplies potassium (K) and other plant nutrients with their use and organic matter after decomposition in the soil to improve soil quality. Alluvial soils are deficient in available K due to intensive cropping systems, the use of high-yield varieties (HYVs), and improper fertilizer application. With high demand for K fertilizers and complete dependence on imports in India have affected its availability and cost. Azolla can be an alternative option for a source of K nutrients. Keeping this fact in view, the present study was formulated to understand the effect of K applied through Azolla and inorganic K fertilizer on the growth, yield, and storability of onion (Allium cepa L.). An incubation study was carried out to examine the K dynamics as influenced by levels and sources of K. Results showed that the use of Azolla along with mineral K fertilizer (NPK1/2 + K1/2 through mulching of Azolla and NP+ K1/2 through green manuring (GM) of Azolla + K1/2 through mulching of Azolla) has increased the water-soluble K (WS-K) and available K (Av-K) from 0 to 35 days of incubation (DI) and further decreased thereafter up to 105 DI. Azolla-based K application showed the availability of more K in the soil throughout the incubation period as compared to inorganic sources alone. The highest exchangeable K (Ex-K) was recorded in soil treated with Azolla similar to WS-K and Av-K. A field experiment was also conducted on the onion crop at the Bihar Agricultural College research farm, Sabour. The findings suggest that the maximum bulb weight (32.8 g bulb−1) and bulb yield (12.5 t ha−1) were recorded in the treatment NPK+ K1/2 through mulching of Azolla in two splits increased by 33% and 43%, respectively. Treatments applied with the full dose of recommended inorganic K alone resulted in 14% less bulb yield than the treatment combined with the full dose of recommended mineral K through inorganic fertilizer and half dose of recommended K supplied through Azolla mulching. The results also indicated that Azolla-based K application resulted in higher nutrient uptake, soil available nutrient status, and better storability in onion than conventional mineral K fertilization. Overall, the study concludes that Azolla may maintain K availability by increasing the amount of Ex-K and ensuring constant availability of the nutrient during the entire growth period.

Effect of Age of Seedling on Bolting and Yield of Rabi Onion Cv. NHRDF Red-3

Onion is one of the most important bulb crops of the Nalanda district. The trial is conducted to reduce the bolting percentage and improve the yield by transplanting onion seedlings at the proper age. Farmers are usually transplanting 75 to 80 days old seedlings in the Nalanda district. In this trail, farmers transplanted 60 days and 55 days old seedlings for consecutive two the financial year 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. The best result was obtained in the case of transplanting 55-day-old seedlings. The maximum bulb weight was 58.86 gm, the minimum bolting percentage was 1.98%, maximum yield 324.63 q/ha with the highest B:C ratio of 02.08 was recorded in the Year 2018-2019 in the case of 55 days of seedlings. A similar result was obtained in the year 2019-2020 as the highest bulb weight was 61.01 gm, the least bolting percentage was 1.98%, maximum yield was 325.25q/ha with the highest B:C ratio of 2.10 as compared to transplanting of 60 days old seedlings and farmers practice. In the case of farmers' practice, the average bulb weight was 57.45gm with a bolting percentage of 6.74%, the yield is 297.28 q/ha with B: C ratio of 1.77 in Years 2018-19, and 57.66 gm of bulb weight, 6.53% of bolting,296.56 q/ha of yield with B: C ratio of 1.76.

Estimation of breeding material of interspecific hybrids Allium ascalonicum L. and Allium cepa L.

Relevance. Shallots are an independent botanical species. It easily crosses with onions, has a medium-sized bulb, keeps well, gives rich greens. Shallot and onion hybrids have a higher yield, less nesting, and a large bulb mass. Work on the creation of interspecific hybrids of shallots and onions has been under way since 2000.Methods. The aim of the research was to study the hybrids of Allium ascalonicum L. x Allium cepa L. and Allium cepa L. x Allium ascalonicum L. by a complex of characters in comparison with their maternal forms. Samples from the Urals were taken as initial forms for hybridization.Results. 268 promising hybrids were obtained, of which 33 were selected for further study. The results of the study showed the advantage of hybrid forms, where shallots were the parent form. A significant advantage of hybrids over parental forms was revealed in terms of yield, average and maximum bulb weight.

Influence of Different Photoperiod and Temperature Regimes on Growth and Bulb Quality of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Cultivars

Growth and bulb development in garlic is affected considerably by variations in photoperiod and temperature thereby influencing its morphology, physiology, and nutritive quality. Varied combinations of photoperiods and temperatures may influence the bulb development and quality, and can determine the suitability of a cultivar for a particular region. Experiments were conducted to study the impact of different photoperiod and temperature combinations on the growth, morpho-physiology, and nutritive quality of garlic bulb. Three garlic cultivars viz; G103, G024, and G2011-5 were exposed to different combinations of photoperiod (8 h/16 h, 10 h/14 h, 12 h/12 h, 14 h/10 h, 16 h/8 h (light/dark)) and temperature (20 °C/15 °C, 25 °C/18 °C, and 30 °C/20 °C). Results revealed that longer photoperiod (14 h or 16 h) and higher temperature (25 °C or 30 °C) treatments significantly improved the garlic bulbing imparting maximum bulb diameter, height, bulbing index, and the shortest growth period. Whereas, 12-h photoperiod had maximum bulb weight. In addition, total soluble solid (TSS), content of soluble protein, soluble sugar, total sugar, glucose, sucrose, fructose, starch, total phenols, and total flavonoids increased significantly because of 14-h photoperiod and 30 °C temperature condition, however exhibited decline with 8 h photoperiod and lowest temperature (20 °C). These alterations were related to bulb characteristics and bulbing index. Maximum plant standing height and pseudostem diameter of the garlic plant were observed at 20 °C. Additionally, plants under the combination of 14 h–30 °C had maximum fresh weight, bulb diameter, shortest growth period, maximum physiological and nutritive quality traits of the bulb, while as 12 h–30 °C combinations resulted in maximum bulb weight and 16 h–30 °C had maximum bulb height. Among cultivars cv. G103 showed best response to tested photoperiod and temperature combinations in terms of morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes studied, except for bulbing index which was maximum in cv. G024. Present study concludes the influence of photoperiod and temperature combinations on garlic growth and bulbing characteristics through the modulations induced in soluble protein, sugars, and phenolic compounds.

Comparative effect of mesquite biochar, farmyard manure, and chemical fertilizers on soil fertility and growth of onion (Allium cepa L.)

Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora L.), a noxious weed, needs control and effective utilization for agronomical purposes. A field experiment was conducted to compare the effects of mesquite biochar (MB, 10 tons ha−1), farmyard manure (FYM, 10 tons ha−1), and NPK fertilizers (120:80:80 kg ha−1) on physicochemical attributes of soil and onion traits. Characterization analysis revealed that MB has greater pH (8.6) and EC (0.45 dS/m−1) than FYM (8.1 and 0.24 dS/m−1). Further, pyrolysis produced irregularly shaped mesquite biochar particles embedded with micropores of variant sizes. Soil analysis showed that MB had greater EC (1.47 dS/m−1) than FYM (1.42 dS/m−1) and NPK fertilizers (1.41 dS/m−1). Similarly, MB significantly improved water holding capacity of the soil and contributed more organic matter (0.58%) and NO3–N (2.02 mg kg−1) than other treatments. However, no significant effect of MB treatment was observed on soil Olsen-P. Further, maximum bulb weight (6.13 kg plot−1), leaf length (32.38 cm), total onion yield (268.55 kg ha−1), and total N and K contents in onion bulb were also observed in the plots treated with MB as compared with FYM and NPK fertilizers. In conclusion, MB is a suitable organic amendment to improve soil fertility and plant growth, and may be included in fertilization programs to improve crops yield.

English

The present investigation on study of “Evaluation of different onion varieties and genotypes” was carried out during rabi season in the year 2018-2019. The study was under taken on 23 varieties and genotypes of onion using randomized block design with three replications. The variety and genotypes for growth, yield and quality parameters. Among these maximum plant heights was recorded in MLO-1-1 (80.203 cm) whereas minimum plant height was recorded in AKON-3 (66.27 cm). Maximum number of leaves was recorded in AKON-3 (9.1), whereas the minimum number of leaves was recorded in AKON-14 (6.4). Maximum leaf length was recorded in MLO-1-1 (69.97 cm) and minimum was recorded AKON-2 (57.49 cm). Maximum leaf area was recorded in MLO-1-1 (309.867 cm2) and minimum was recorded in AKON-2 (280.88 cm2). Neck thickness maximum was recorded in MLO-4 (31.30 cm), whereas minimum was recorded in Arka kirtiman (1.04 cm). Maximum bulb diameter was recorded in AKON-4 (5.34 cm) and minimum was recorded AKON-14 (3.16 cm). Maximum bulb weight was recorded in AKON-3 (85.74 g) and minimum was recorded in AKON-11 (63.21 g). Maximum yield per plot was recorded in AKON-3 (7.776 kg), whereas minimum was recorded in AKON-14 (2.597 kg). Maximum TSS content was recorded in Akola safed (14.22oB) and minimum was recorded in Arka kirtiman (10.92 oB). Maximum yield per hectare was recorded in AKON-3 (28.8 tonnes) and minimum was recorded in AKON-14 (9.623 tonnes).

Effect of time and depth of planting on growth, flowering and yield of tuberose cv. Single

Field experiment was carried out to study the suitable planting dates and depths for tuberose under Manipur conditions. Early (20th April) and shallow planting (4 cm) recorded significantly the maximum values for vegetative growth, floral and bulb parameters. Among the treatment combinations, April 20th at 4 cm (P1D1) significantly improved the spike length (91.2 cm), rachis length (17.73 cm) and spikes yield per hectare (3, 14, 000 No.), while, P1D3 resulted in maximum spike longetivity (18.13 days), maximum number of bulbs per clump (16.07), maximum bulb weight per clump (16.08 g) and maximum diameter of the largest bulb (3.68 cm). However, maximum number of florets per spike (28.07) was obtained in P1D2.

Comparison of chemical fertilizer, fish offal's fertilizer and manure applied to tomato and onion

Fertilizer is a critical input for improving production and increasing crop yields. The effect of chemical fertilizer, fish offal’s fertilizer and manure on marketable yield and other parameter of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and Adama red onion (Allium cepa) were compared. The experiment was laid as a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three treatments; chemical fertilizer (T1), fish offal’s fertilizer (T2) and manure (T3). Treatments encompassed 0.24 kg diammonium phosphate (DAP) of chemical fertilizer, 2 kg of ground fish offal’s fertilizer and 10 kg of unfermented (fresh) manure for tomato. Similarly, 0.12 kg DAP of chemical fertilizer, 1 kg of ground fish offal’s fertilizer and 5 kg of unfermented manure for Adama red onion. 3 × 4 m plot size was used for tomato and 2 × 3 m plot size was used for Adama red onion. The results indicated that there is significant difference (p < 0.05) in tomato height at first harvesting with the maximum height of 80.33 ± 3.97 cm from plot treated with fish offal’s fertilizer. There is significant difference (p < 0.05) in onion bulb weight. The maximum bulb weight was 112.51±16.4 g recorded from plot treated with chemical fertilizer. Tomato fertilized with fish offal’s fertilizer grew better than those fertilized with chemical fertilizer at later stages. Fish offal’s fertilizer boosted the production at the later age and concluded that it can be used as an alternative to chemical fertilizer for tomato. The use of fish offal’s fertilizer for different crops, application time and amounts should be further studied. Key words: Fish offal’s fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, manure, onion, tomato.

EFFECT OF PLANTING DATE, PLANT SPACING AND CLOVE SIZE ON GARLIC (Allium sativum L .) YIELD UNDER SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS IN JORDAN

A field experiment was conducted in 2006/2007 growing season at the Agricultural Research Station, Mu'tah University, Jordan, to study the effect of planting date, spacing and clove size on garlic yield. A factorial combination of three planting dates, three plant spacings and three clove sizes were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicate that early planting date (Nov. 15) produced higher yield, average bulb weight and clove number per bulb. Close spacing of 10 cm resulted in significantly (P< 0.05) higher garlic bulb yield. Moreover, using large cloves gave the highest yield compared with medium and small cloves. Number of cloves per bulb and bulb weight were mainly affected by planting date. However, plant spacing and clove size had little effect on these parameters in each planting date. Maximum bulb weight (54.62 gm bulb -1 ) was produced when large cloves (2-3 gm) were planted on Nov. 15 at 20 cm plant spacing. In conclusion, to produce the maximum yield, large garlic cloves should be planted early in the growing season with 10 cm spacing.