Cooperative Principle Research Articles

An Analysis of Verbal Humor from the Perspective of the Cooperative Principle—A Case Study of Young Sheldon

An Analysis of Verbal Humor from the Perspective of the Cooperative Principle—A Case Study of Young Sheldon

Conversational Implicature on Selected Episodes of Jklive Talk Show on Citizen Television, Kenya

The study involved an analysis of Conversational Implicature on sampled episodes of the JKLive talk show of Citizen TV in Kenya. The research objective was to determine the observance of cooperative principle maxims on selected episodes of the JKLive talk show. The study used a descriptive research design in which judgmental sampling was employed in selecting the episodes in the talk show that were more relevant to the study. A sample size of two episodes which had a runtime of one hour each, were used for conversational data and then subjected to analysis. Data was collected through audio and video recording based on naturalistic observation of the talk show. The data was then transcribed orthographically to identify the language features required for the study. Data analysis was guided by the theory of Conversational Implicature by Grice (1975), which he termed as an indirect speech whereby, what is meant by an utterance may go beyond what is communicated. As a theory, Conversational Implicature advocates that, in order to simplify the use of language, rules are needed to govern how we bring out information and at what stage, for effective communication to occur. This theory was used to account for observance or violation of cooperative principle maxims, in line with the objective of the study. Prevalence of violations of cooperative principle maxims were observed, particularly instances of quality, quantity, manner and relevance maxims being disregarded in political discourse, and instances of quantity and relevance maxims also being disregarded in economic discourse. Addressing violations of these maxims can improve clarity and coherence, with the host playing a crucial role in moderating discussions to foster mutual understanding, prevent conflicts, and promote constructive exchanges, ultimately enhancing the viewer experience.

Application of Universal Cooperative Principles in Agricultural Cooperatives: A Case Study from Nepal

This study examines the use of universal cooperative principles by agricultural cooperatives in Nepal, highlighting their importance and the challenges they face. Data from 45 cooperatives, including savings and credit cooperatives (n=17) and multipurpose cooperatives (n=28), and 135 respondents in Tulsipur Sub-Metropolitan City, Nepal were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The study suggests that principles such as democratic member control, voluntary and open membership, and member economic participation are critical to the effective and sustainable operation of agricultural cooperatives in Nepal. These principles promote members' sense of responsibility and ownership by ensuring transparency, fairness, and democratic decision-making. However, the research also identifies several constraints facing Nepal's agricultural cooperatives, including limited access to finance, inadequate infrastructure, governance issues, lack of technical expertise, and political interference. These challenges could hinder cooperatives' ability to expand into new markets, provide essential services to members, and support the long-term growth of Nepal's agricultural sector. The study concludes that addressing these issues and promoting the adoption of universal cooperative principles are essential to strengthening agricultural cooperatives in Nepal and enabling them to significantly improve the livelihoods of farmers and rural communities.

Implication of Local Government Institutional Capacity Self-Assessment System at Municipal Governance

Local governments have a key role to play in ensuring that public services are provided close to the people under the federal governance system. Therefore, the success of federalism depends on effectiveness of public service delivery function. The constitution has provisioned legislative, executive, and judicial powers to local levels, Province and federation based on the principles of cooperation, coexistence, and coordination. In this context, local government institutional self-assessment (LISA) framework has been used by local government in Nepal after implementation of federal democratic republican constitution 2015.main objectives is to effectiveness of improve the quality. Acts and regulations related to these methods. The Practice of LISA by improving the Its the web-based LISA system has been introduced as an innovative instrument to track the performance of local governments in Nepal after the governance system was restructured from unitary to federal with significant power and resources to local level. The process of LISA creating capacity begins with a capacity evaluation. It presents a precise picture of the organization's strengths and weaknesses. The output of this approach unambiguously calls for the capacity-building initiatives needed and helps foster ownership to boost self-esteem. More specifically, LISA's primary goal is to investigate current practices in 10 local governance-related areas.

A Sociopragmatic Analysis of Death Utterances in Jordanian Bedouin Society

This paper examines the sociopragmatic functions of death formulas used by Bedouins in eastern Jordan. It emphasizes discourse strategies Bedouins use, such as euphemisms and politeness, to refer to the deceased or to announce someone's death. The researchers collected 32 authentic expressions commonly used in death discourse. They examined and categorized them in light of the following sociopragmatic theories: politeness theory, Grice's maxims of conversation, and Austin's theory of speech acts. Seven strategies for using euphemisms in Bedouins' speech were elicited and analyzed in sections. The analysis reveals that death formulas serve contextual functions, such as maintaining social rapport, expressing condolences, and highlighting the predestination of death and life by God. This study adds to our understanding of Bedouin language and cultural practices in eastern Jordan, and it has practical implications for cross-cultural communication. Individuals can enhance mutual understanding and constructive connections with Bedouin communities in Jordan and worldwide by recognizing and respecting these cultural customs.

Analysis of Violations of the Cooperative Principles in the Film: Extraction 2 (2023)

It would have been much better if both speakers and interlocutors could carry out conversations with each other that meet the rules of language when providing information in a communication that was carried out in real life, or it can be said that the communication carried out was communicative. Each response must be pertinent to the question, not wordy, and contain no lies or ambiguous conversations so that the speaker or interlocutor understands more about what was being discussed. As a result, cooperative principles in discourse are required. This study is connected to linguistic rules in the film Extraction II. This study aimed to (1) determine the type of violation of the cooperative maxims presented in the film Extraction II and (2) characterize the speakers’ motivation behind committing the violation. The methodologies and strategies employed in the Extraction II film research were the listening and note-taking methodology for data collection and then the researcher employed a data analysis technique, specifically the equivalent method, to identify the form of violation and motivation of the cooperative principle. In addition, the approach used in this study was qualitative. According to the findings of the research, there were seven violations of the cooperative principle in the film. These infractions included one violation of the maxim of quantity, three maxims of quality, two maxims of relevance, and one maxim of manner. In addition, the violation served six purposes: to convince, plan something, cover something, express annoyance, divert the topic of conversation, and confirm identity.

The Cooperative Principle (Maxims) in the Dialogues of English Textbook Entitled ‘Bahasa Inggris Think Globally Act Locally’ for Ninth Grade Students of Junior High School

Textbooks serve as the material content provider in an EFL classroom. Because texts, conversations, and other pieces of material are typically particularly created to corporate educational objectives, they frequently portray a formal and well- structured pattern of standardized English. This study will look at the content of textbooks, specifically the brief conversations included in English textbooks used by ninth-grade junior high school students. The researcher will use a descriptive qualitative research approach in this study and will use conversations from a textbook named Bahasa Inggris ‘Think Globally Act Locally Year IX’ as the object of investigation. The data will be gathered by reading, observing the dialogues, clarifying them in an analysis table, and coding the dialogues using maxims based on Grice's theory.

Tarantino’s eloquent villains

Abstract Suspense as an aesthetic effect is a key narrative strategy of thriller movies, serving the function of entertainment for wide audiences. As the plot unfolds, arcs of suspense rely on triggering an appealing sense of anticipation that calls for a resolution. The present study examines the creation of suspense throughout fictional dialogue in Quentin Tarantino’s popular feature films Pulp Fiction (1994), Inglourious Basterds (2009), and Django Unchained (2012). In these movies, dialogic interaction is often dominated by eloquent villains who skilfully flout the conversational maxims of Grice’s cooperative principle, thereby exercising verbal power over other interlocutors. As is demonstrated in a qualitative pragma-stylistic framework, the villains’ discursive strategies amount to stylistic deviation resulting in suspenseful implicatures. In particular, suspense is commonly caused by digressing from current topics, by giving too little information or too many details, by being insincere or ironic, and by making equivocal or redundant statements.

Multi-Party Model in Cooperatives : Deep Understanding of Ratio Legis in Minister of Cooperatives Regulation Number 8 of 2021

In line with the progress of the global economy, especially in Indonesia, it is recognized that a digitalization and modernization era has taken place, which continues to evolve and never ceases. This necessitates cooperatives to strengthen themselves to be healthier, self-reliant, modern, strong, and competitive, in accordance with cooperative principles, enabling them to play a role as a "pillar of the national economy." In April 2022, the Minister of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises Regulation on Cooperatives with a Multi-Party Model Number 8 of 2021, hereinafter referred to as "Permenkop UKM KMP," came into effect on October 21, 2021.
 In other countries, the Multi-Party Model Cooperatives, referred to as "KMP," have been commonly used for various business purposes. For example, they have been established in the United Kingdom since 1870, in the United States since the 1990s, in Italy since 1991, in Canada since 1997, in Portugal since 1998, and in France since 2001. Firdaus Putra, the Chairman of the Indonesian Consortium For Cooperative Innovation (ICCI), mentioned in a webinar on the dissemination of Minister of Cooperatives and SMEs Regulation No. 8 of 2021 concerning Multi-Party Model Cooperatives, that Italy is the best-practice example of KMP globally, with approximately 14,000 KMPs as of today. However, with the issuance of Permenkop UKM KMP in Indonesia, the history of Permenkop UKM KMP began only in 2022, making it a relatively new terminology in Indonesia. The issuance of Minister of Cooperatives and SMEs Regulation Number 8 of 2021 on Cooperatives with a Multi-Party Model raises several questions about the reasons behind the introduction of this new regulation. For instance, is the regulation solely implemented as a UUCK (Job Creation Law) enforcement measure, given the mention of the need for cooperatives to support job creation, even though it is not explicitly explained which type of cooperatives are referred to in the UUCK.

OECD 개발원조위원회(DAC) 회원국의 성평등 원조 결정요인

Purpose: This study aims to empirically analyze the determinants of OECD/DAC member countries’ aid in support of gender equality aid as a principle objective(gender marker 2). Originality: International community has emphasized gender equality as a key principle and norm of development cooperation, and OECD/DAC has led international discussions and policy efforts on aid for gender equality. While discussions on gender and development has focused on normative and practical aspects, the motivation of donors’ commitments for gender equality has remained unanswered. To bridge this gap, this study empirically analyzes the determinants of OECD/DAC member countries’ aid in support of gender equality and draws upon policy implications. Methodology: Considering that the aid amount is panel data left-censored at zero, the panel Tobit model is used for the analysis. Result: It is found that the aid in support of gender equality increases as a recipient country’s gender needs increase; women’s representation in a donor country increases; a recipient country tends to have received more gender aids from OECD/DAC members; and the presence of women’s international NGOs increases in a donor country. Contrary to our hypothesis, however, the gender aid decreases as donor government increases social spending on family benefits. Conclusion and Implication: A strong humanitarian motivation was found behind the donor countries' aid support for gender equality, and thus it is important to provide good information on recipient countries’ gender needs. Also, international community’s efforts to make the gender equality an international norm need to keep continued as they have been successful in increasing donors’ commitments for the gender equality. In particular, the role of women’s international NGOs has to be shed more light on. Also, donor countries’ social values affects their commitments towards the gender equality overseas. The tension between domestic social expenditure on family benefits and supports for gender equality overseas requires further research and discussion in the future.

The Application of Maxim Quantity in Explaining Tourist Objects by Diploma 3 Students of Tour and Travel Department

The history and culture of Bali has become an additional value for the development of Bali tourism. In addition to natural beauty such as the sea and mountains, local wisdom which is still upheld by the people of Bali makes Bali a special place for the tourists who are visiting Bali Island. Tourism in Bali is one of the economic sectors that the Balinese people are most involved in. One of the jobs in the tourism sector that many Balinese people are involved in is a tour guide. Good communication skills are very necessary for tourism workers, one of the languages which is commonly used is English. The application of the principle/maxims of quantity in the utterances of tour guides is the subject of study in this study. The research objects in this study were 21 diploma students majoring in tour and travel department at Triatma Mulya University. This research is a qualitative research that analyzes the application of the maxims/principles of quantity in students' utterances while explaining tourist objects. The data obtained will be sorted and processed based on pragmatic theory and then it would be presented descriptively. During the explanation of tourist objects, students have applied the principle of quantity in several utterances that are spoken. However, some of the students' speeches did not apply the principle/maxim of quantity. This happened because in processing utterances students were mostly influenced by internal factors such as the language factor that is possessed by students were still limited and the mastery of content components. Students' unpreparedness during practice is one of the inhibiting factors for students to apply the principle/maxims of quantity to their utterances.Keywords: communication, tour guide, pragmatic, speech, maxim of quantity

State of the art: “social and solidarity economy as a driver of sustainability

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current state of convergence between Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) and sustainability, covering the period from 2009 to 2023. SSE, with its principles of cooperation, equity, and citizen participation, is considered a key tool for addressing inequality and promoting decent employment, while sustainability focuses on improving living conditions without compromising the future. The article argues that SSE promotes sustainable economic practices aligned with the 2030 Agenda. The proposed methodology combines heuristic and hermeneutic approaches, allowing for a thorough and up-to-date review of the literature on SSE and sustainability. The application of SSE in various regions is illustrated through case studies that encompass areas such as urban agriculture, circular economy, recycling cooperatives, and socioeconomic development projects. Overall, it is emphasized that the combination of SSE and sustainability offers a promising approach to addressing socio-environmental challenges, highlighting cooperation, inclusion, and the pursuit of a sustainable and equitable future.

CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE IN THE SUBJECT GROUP BETWEEN LECTURERS AND ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT STUDENTS BATCH 2020 AT MUSAMUS UNIVERSITY

An idea or attitude that is conveyed through verbal or non-verbal forms, is not necessarily an attitude, and the intention can be appropriate but can be different or even the opposite of what is stated. The process of conveying meaning indirectly is known as conversational implicature. Therefore, this study aims to describe the form/function of conversational implicatures and the meaning in utterances. The method used is the see method. The results obtained related to the form/function of the implicature are the use of representative (assertive), directive (implosives), expressive, commissive, and declarative utterances. Furthermore, the violation of the principle of cooperation and all its maxims further accentuates clashes and games (joking).

Peran Badan Usaha Milik Desa dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Desa di Desa Tatede Kecamatan Lopok Kabupaten Sumbawa

This study aims to know the role of village-owned enterprises in increasing Village Own Source Revenue and to know the obstacles in managing village Owned Enterprises of Tatede village. The location and time of study was done in Tatede Village, Lopok sub-district, Sumbawa district from June to August 2023. The type of this study was qualitative descriptive study, namely study that describes several data formulated in the form of words. The method used to collect data is by using observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis tool used was the theory of Miles and Huberman which consists of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and verification. The results of the study showed that the role of village Owned Enterprises of Tatede village was running properly, such as doing savings and loan business and water deportation, in which from the both of these business can improve the village economy, provided new employment opportunities for village communities and it could increase village owned enterprise. Village owned enterprise of Ai Muncar has been effective in providing contribution on Village Own Source Revenue in Tatede Village. The management of Ai Muncar Village Owned Enterprise had been done using cooperative principles, transparency, which was done professionally and independently.

The Relationship of the Supreme Courts of the Slovak Republic with the Court of Justice of the European Union

The judicial authorities of the Member States of the European Union have an important duty to ensure the full effect of EU legal norms at the national level, as they are obliged to fully apply EU law and to protect the individual rights conferred by that law. This article focuses on the relationship among the highest judicial bodies of the Slovak Republic, namely the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, and the Supreme Administrative Court, with the Court of Justice of the European Union, which ensures the uniform interpretation and application of Union law. In this context, this article examines the extent to which the Slovak Supreme Court uses the preliminary ruling procedure, as well as its selected decisions, to consider the extent to which the requirements of Union law can be examined, resulting from the case-law of the Court of Justice in accordance with the principle of sincere cooperation enshrined in Article 4(3) of the Treaty on the European Union. It also examines the cooperation between the general courts of the Slovak Republic and the Court of Justice of the European Union in the context of the preliminary ruling procedure, and how the Slovak constitutional order meets the requirements of Union law.

The “Spam Caller Dilemma” and Its Reflection Under the Theory of Morality-as-Cooperation (MAC)

A dilemma is characterized by a feeling of being torn between morally conflicting choices. Daily life has various moral dilemmas, often leading people to entangled situations. People are accustomed to the occurrence of moral dilemmas. However, opinions vary on how moral dilemmas arise. This paper proposes a moral dilemma called the "spam caller dilemma" under the premise of the morality-as-cooperation (MAC) theory and conducts small-scale online research to address this dilemma. This paper explores people's views on the conflict between the cooperative principles of kinship and reciprocal altruism through this study. It provides an example and theoretical basis for the cooperation theory of morality. The survey results show that around 70% of people believe that verbal abuse of spam phone calls in the event of one’s father's death is morally acceptable. Based on the research results, this article discusses the possible reasons for this result and proposes reflections and inspirations on this moral dilemma in daily life. It is concluded that when there is a conflict between kinship and reciprocity, more people seem to choose kinship. At the same time, there are also many influencing factors, such as emotional empathy, frustration with spam calls and stereotypes in specific industries.

Implicacions als tuits dels escèptics del canvi climàtic

The article attempts to provide a speech act analysis of tweets which are posted by climate change skeptics. It argues that their deliberate flouting and violation of Grice’s Cooperative Principle show that substitute overt denial by conversational implicatures which show skepticism. Based on data from 420 tweets which are responses to climate change discussion, the paper demonstrates that tweeters respond with different deceptive tactics by using conversational implicatures. The article attempts to provide a pragmatic analysis of tweets which are posted by climate change opponents. It argues that their deliberate violation of the CP shows that their attitude shifted from overt denial to skepticism.

The conformance level to Grice’s Cooperative Principle by Iraqi Kurdistan University Lecturers and Students

The paper is an attempt to reveal the level of conformance to the Co-operative Principle (CP), which was first developed by Grice (1975), in the academia in Iraqi Kurdistan. The research has been done in an intra-cultural context. The number of the participants is 134 people who were sent a researchers-made questionnaire of sixteen items via online Google Forms. The items reflect the CP maxims which have been arranged in the form of multiple choice questions. The principle states that interlocutors should abide by the maxims of quantity, quality, manner, and relevance as far as they can during communication in order for them to convey their messages best. Being a quantitative research, the paper seeks to show the difference between lecturers and students as well as between male and female participants with respect to their observance of the CP maxims using SPSS program. The paper also has a socio-cultural perspective in that it focuses upon two different groups of people on the basis of their occupations. Also, it takes the gender difference into account between the participants by

Flouting Maxims Found in Encanto Movie

There are several conditions to create an effective communication, one of them is the utterance of the speaker must be understood by the listener. Utterance can be called as maxim. The speaker can disobey a maxim in purposed as long as the context provides enough indicators for the participant to notice it. This is called flouting maxim. This research discussed about the flouting maxims that found in “Encanto” Movie as data source. The related utterances by characters in the movie were the data of analysis in this research. This research used non-participatory observation as the method of collecting data and categorization based on theory by Grice in Yule (1996) as the method of analyzing data. from analysis of this research can be found there were 15 utterances of flouting maxims found in this Movie. There were 5 utterances of the flouting maxim of quantity, 5 utterances of the flouting maxim of quality, 3 utterances of the flouting maxim of relation, and 2 utterances of the flouting maxim of manner. Finally, the most common flouting maxims found in this movie were maxims of quantity and quality, and the least flouting maxim was maxim of manner.

Knowledge-Based and Generative-AI-Driven Pedagogical Conversational Agents: A Comparative Study of Grice’s Cooperative Principles and Trust

The emergence of generative language models (GLMs), such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT, is changing the way we communicate with computers and has a major impact on the educational landscape. While GLMs have great potential to support education, their use is not unproblematic, as they suffer from hallucinations and misinformation. In this paper, we investigate how a very limited amount of domain-specific data, from lecture slides and transcripts, can be used to build knowledge-based and generative educational chatbots. We found that knowledge-based chatbots allow full control over the system’s response but lack the verbosity and flexibility of GLMs. The answers provided by GLMs are more trustworthy and offer greater flexibility, but their correctness cannot be guaranteed. Adapting GLMs to domain-specific data trades flexibility for correctness.