Maximilian Von Research Articles

Empagliflozin and incidence of events consistent with acute kidney injury: Pooled safety analysis in more than 15 000 individuals.

Empagliflozin and incidence of events consistent with acute kidney injury: Pooled safety analysis in more than 15 000 individuals.

Adele Schopenhauer. Unbekanntes aus ihrem Nachlass in Weimar by Claudia Häfner and Francesca Fabbri

Reviewed by: Adele Schopenhauer. Unbekanntes aus ihrem Nachlass in Weimar by Claudia Häfner and Francesca Fabbri Waltraud Maierhofer Claudia Häfner and Francesca Fabbri. Adele Schopenhauer. Unbekanntes aus ihrem Nachlass in Weimar. Weimar: Weimarer Verlagsgesellschaft, 2019. 96 pp. The high-quality book to be introduced here is on the title page termed an "Ausstellungsbuch," an exhibition book. It accompanied the Fall 2019 exhibition on Adele Schopenhauer (1797–1849), "Weil ich so individuell bin," in the Goethe and Schiller Archive in Weimar, the first exhibit to be dedicated solely to this artist and writer. Francesca Fabbri, a fellow of the Weimar Klassik Stiftung, researched holdings in Weimar collections and identified more letters, manuscripts, and anonymous publications and artworks than previously established. The exhibition was curated by Fabbri in collaboration with Weimar Klassik researcher Claudia Häfner and accompanied by several lectures. To readers of the Goethe Yearbook, Adele Schopenhauer is known for her artistic cutouts and arabesques as well as her writings, among them poems, fairy tales, an autobiographical novel and diaries. During her lifetime and throughout the nineteenth century, she was overshadowed by her mother, the writer and salonnière Johanna Schopenhauer, and her brother, the philosopher Arthur. Among the pictures are a miniature painting of Goethe's garden house on a phial, eminent examples of Adeles Scherenschnitte, illustrations of the gospel, drawings in her reading diary, an 1843 watercolor drawing attributed to Allwina Frommann of the Berlin house with Adele who visited Frommann, the female owner of the house, and the student Wolfgang Maximilian von Goethe, each in separate quarters, as well as letters and diaries. Also included are Walter von [End Page 386] Goethe's obituary in the Allgemeine Zeitung and a complete transcript of the 1852 gift agreement between Schopenhauer's heiress Sibylle MertensSchaaffhausen and the state of Weimar with a list of all items and their valuations. The latter documents her considerable library. The illustrations are predominantly in color and of the highest quality, making it a pleasure to explore the richness and detail of the miniatures, arabesques, and cutouts and of her precise handwriting. The book is more than a richly illustrated catalogue of the exhibited objects and an overview of her estate in the Weimar archives. The chapters by coauthors Häfner and Fabbri provide an overview of her complex biography and creative efforts, survey research, and editions of her works, as well as Adele's representation in literary and filmic works, marking open research questions. Schopenhauer's correspondence with Goethe regarding his efforts of collecting art and antiquities, her collaboration with his grandson Walter on an opera, the editing of her mother's literary estate, and the collaborative and mentoring nature of her friendships with creative women such as Ottilie von Goethe and Annette von DrosteHülshoff are just a few aspects of her interests and connections explored in this book. Throughout their essays, Häfner and Fabbri point out new discoveries such as Adele's "silent" contributions to works by her mother or her reviews of literary and artistic works published in German papers while she lived in Italy during the last years of her life. The book also contains a substantial bibliography and will be of interest to anyone studying and researching creative women in the nineteenth century. Waltraud Maierhofer University of Iowa Copyright © 2021 Goethe Society of North America

Making your clinic attractive to consumers and responding to online reviews

Consumers are becoming reliant on the internet to make decisions on everything from choosing which coffee shop to get their latte from, to where they should have a clinical procedure done. It is therefore only natural that review websites have become people's go-to place to make this choice. Maximilian von Garnier explains how clinics can make their online shop window attractive to potential new customers

EXPLORANDO O DESCONHECIDO: AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE VIAJANTES NATURALISTAS PARA AS CIÊNCIAS NATURAIS NO BRASIL DO SÉCULO XVIII E XIX

Quando o intuito é discutir sobre paisagem, ambiente e ciência no Brasil, obrigatoriamente devemos nos remeter as contribuições e pesquisas proporcionadas pelos viajantes naturalistas no Brasil durante o século XVIII e XIX. A grosso modo, o viajante naturalista é considerado aquele que, durante o período aqui referido, dedicava-se exclusivamente ao estudo da história natural, compreendendo a dinâmica dos elementos que circundam a Terra. Dessa forma, pretendemos aqui descrever rapidamente as contribuições de importantes viajantes naturalistas que atravessaram o território brasileiro no período referido: Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira; Maximilian de Wied von Neuwied; Johannes Natterer; Castelnau e Deville; Langsdorff; Martius e, por fim, Auguste de Saint-Hilaire. Por fim, podemos dizer que as extensas expedições realizadas pelos viajantes naturalistas que vieram ao Brasil representaram importantes contribuições para o entendimento e compreensão do nosso próprio território, tanto no que diz respeito a dinâmica ambiental da paisagem, descrição de fenômenos naturais, quanto para classificação de fauna e flora.

About the origins and destiny of the Erlangen Manuscript

Erlangen Manuscript of the old Serbo-Croatian folk poems is the most comprehensive and the most important collection of our decasyllable epic poems before the appearance of Vuk Karadzic. It was edited by Gerhard Gesemann in 1925 who also wrote an extensive introduction to the manuscript. This paper focuses on the circumstances under which the manuscript was created and the circumstances that brought the manuscript to the University Library in Erlangen. It has been established that it was created in the period when only one person existed who had a capacity thanks his rank to organize extensive work on recording and/or copying 217 poems that the manuscript contains. That person was General Maximilian von Petrasch who was the commander of the fortress Brod (1708-1723). The arguments that support this conclusion can be found primarily in von Petrasch?s biography (he understood ?Slavonic language?, he was well liked by the grenzen, the soldiers on the Military Frontier), but also in some of the poems - firstly, in the one in which his name is mentioned, and secondly, in those poems that celebrate the battles in which Maximilian von Petrasch participated. The Erlangen Manuscript was inherited by Joseph Petrasch, the philologist and the owner of the vast library who signed his collection of poems with the pseudonym Slavonier. After his death, the library, together with the Erlangen Manuscript, first became the property of The Learned Society in Altdorf and then came into the possession of the University Library in Erlangen. The reconstruction of the journey of the Erlangen Manuscript leads to the conclusion that the famous manuscript was created in the region of Slavonski Brod sometime between 1708 and 1723.

Catholic and Protestant Translations of the Imitatio Christi, 1425-1650: From Late Medieval Classic to Early Modern Bestseller, by Maximilian von Habsburg

The Imitatio Christi was second only to the Bible in the number of copies made and the variety of languages into which it was translated between the 1430s and the eighteenth century. Facilitated by the copying tradition of the devotio moderna, as many as eight to nine hundred manuscript copies (mostly in the original Latin) may have been produced within a century of its first appearance, and from the 1470s there were rising numbers of printed editions (mainly in the vernacular), of which the print runs rose from four or five hundred near the outset to three or four times that by the seventeenth century. By scouring existing bibliographies and the catalogues of a score of major libraries, Maximilian von Habsburg has thrown new light on the geographical spread of the text, and raised the total number of identifiable printed editions to nearly 750. These consisted of more than a hundred incunabula, still mainly in Latin; perhaps 176 editions in the first half of the sixteenth century, and 191 in the second—three-quarters of which were in the vernacular; and no fewer than 272 editions in the first half of the seventeenth century, of which the proportion in Latin rose again to nearly a third. There were more than a hundred printed editions each in French and Italian, about seventy each in German and Dutch, fifty each in Spanish and English, and a few in the languages of Central and Eastern Europe and in Chinese and Japanese. The author provides a sixty-page Short Title Catalogue of identifiable editions printed between c.1470 and c.1650, and also an extensive bibliography of primary sources, monographs and periodicals published in a dozen countries.

Catholic and Protestant Translations of the Imitatio Christi, 1425–1650: From Late Medieval Classic to Early Modern Bestseller. By Maximilian von Habsburg. St Andrews Studies in Reformation History. Edited by Bruce Gordon et al.Farnham: Ashgate, 2011. Pp. x+355. $134.95.

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsCatholic and Protestant Translations of the Imitatio Christi, 1425–1650: From Late Medieval Classic to Early Modern Bestseller. By Maximilian von Habsburg. St Andrews Studies in Reformation History. Edited by Bruce Gordon et al.Farnham: Ashgate, 2011. Pp. x+355. $134.95.Philip BroadheadPhilip BroadheadUniversity of the Arts London Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Modern History Volume 86, Number 2June 2014 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/675882 Views: 25Total views on this site For permission to reuse, please contact [email protected]PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Catholic and Protestant Translations of the Imitatio Christi , 1425–1650: From Late Medieval Classic to Early Modern Bestseller by Maximilian von Habsburg (review)

Catholic and Protestant Translations of the Imitatio Christi , 1425–1650: From Late Medieval Classic to Early Modern Bestseller by Maximilian von Habsburg (review)

„Schwellenwerte und Normwerte“: Untersuchungen zur psychophysiologischen Schmerzforschung zwischen Johannes Müller und Max von Frey aus den Neurowissenschaften des Neunzehnten Jahrhunderts (1840 bis 1890)

Since the middle of the Nineteenth Century, neurophysiological researchers such as Theodor Fechner (1801-1887), Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920), or Maximilian Ruppert Franz von Frey (1852-1932) started to analyze the causes, propagation, and perception of in the nervous system through the systematic use of experimental laboratory investigations. Particularly, Theodor Fechner's groundbreaking works made the contemporary neurophysiologists aware of the potential inclusion of psychological and subjective perceptions as a respectable object for the experimental study in mid-nineteenth century laboratories and clinical wards. Wilhelm Wundt frequently crossed the intersections between animal and human subject research and opened up many theoretical discussions, which also incorporated pluridisciplinary perspectives. On the research side, Wundt worked with many experimental physiological methods, developed theoretical psychophysiological considerations, and provided a detailed philosophical analysis of the new experimental findings and the subjective accounts of pain perceptions in his test persons--among many other experimental and investigative approaches. While each one of these neurophysiologists' research programs have been extensively studied in their own right, their mutual contributions to modern pain research and impact on this emerging interdisciplinary field of biomedical, psychophysiological and philosophical studies have so far not sufficiently been analyzed from a historiographical perspective. This even regards their highly sophisticated instruments and apparatuses that they applied to the study of pain, which Maximilian von Frey used further in the medical wards at the Fin de Siecle. These instruments became applied to many patients with acute or chronic pain disorders. In a way, the substantial time lag between early laboratory research and the application of these findings in the medical clinics of the time could also be explained as a process of newly defining the boundaries of the experimental instrumentation by situating the physiological apparatuses and experiments alongside the spectrum from threshold values to normal values. This hence led to the recalibration of the new field of investigations of pain phenomena. Until today, the elements of phenomenological identification, evaluation and physical reduction, which these pioneers had started and importantly put on the scientific map of nineteenth-century medicine and neuroscience, accompany the scientific endeavour of modern pain research.

Correction: Flower Volatiles, Crop Varieties and Bee Responses

There was an error in the name of the fifth author. The correct name is: Maximilian von Fragstein.

Catholic and Protestant Translations of the Imitatio Christi, 1425–1650: From Late Medieval Classic to Early Modern Bestseller. By Maximilian von Habsburg. St. Andrews Studies in Reformation History. Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate, 2011. x + 266 pp. $134.95 cloth.

Catholic and Protestant Translations of the Imitatio Christi, 1425–1650: From Late Medieval Classic to Early Modern Bestseller. By Maximilian von Habsburg. St. Andrews Studies in Reformation History. Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate, 2011. x + 266 pp. $134.95 cloth. - Volume 82 Issue 2

EU Regionalförderung: Reformen für die nächste Finanzperiode

Abstract In their paper Peter Egger and Maximilian von Ehrlich summarize recent research on the effects of European regional policy. Results point to a positive effect of this policy on average. One Euro spent even tends to generate more than one Euro in return in terms of GDP. However, the response varies drastically across recipient regions. First of all, there is evidence of existence of an optimum funding ratio (funds allocated relative to recipient GDP) where one Euro invested generates one Euro of return. About 36 percent of the regions receive higher funding than that, where one Euro generates less than one Euro of return (and, eventually, no return at all). Second, there is evidence of a bigger return on investment in regions with higher absorptive capacity level - measured by human capital endowments and the quality of recipient institutions. Insufficient levels of absorptive capacity lead to a wash of the Union’s transfers. About 70 percent of the regions exhibit such an insufficient level of absorptive capacity. Friedrich Heinemann analyzes both, the reform needs and reform obstacles of EU cohesion spending. Although the empirical evidence is unable to substantiate an European added value, structural funds continue to absorb an increasing amount of resources. The analysis reveals several shortcomings of this policy: First, EU regional programs have neglected institutional constraints on the side of recipient countries and regions. Second, an inflation of policy objectives makes a clear performance measurement increasingly impossible. And third, through the inclusion of rich regions into its programs, cohesion spending has lost its focus. To tackle these shortcomings, a comprehensive reform package is recommended which includes new incentives on the financing side of the EU budget. Only increasing regional co-financing or other financing innovations can reduce disincentives from common pool-financing and overcome reform resistance. Without any such financing side reforms, merely some incremental reforms are consistent with political-economic constraints, he states. Werner Hoyer and Markus Brandt point out, that all in all, EU Cohesion policy has been a success. It has facilitated growth and jobs in less developed areas, contributing to their prosperity. However, convergence has slowed down significantly during the crisis. This puts even more pressure on safeguarding that cohesion policy generates optimal results to ensure lasting economic and social cohesion. Room for improvement has been identified. The delivery mechanisms can be improved; its territorial dimension strengthened; and its focus more firmly directed at supporting a resourceefficient economy, research, development and innovation. Even more important, the economic crisis in the EU has underscored the need for creating pan-European institutions, like the banking union, to complete the integration of financial markets. The recent substantial reforms of the EU’s economic architecture are aimed at creating an unprecedented level of integration that will allow private capital to flow more easily and more responsibly to the most productive and growth-enhancing investments in convergence regions. The unleashing of these market forces, combined with a reformed cohesion policy to efficiently address market failures where they exist, carries the potential to initiate a new success story in the convergence of living conditions in the EU. They emphasize that the EIB is committed to play an important role in this effort. It has already integrated the new smart and sustainable orientations of the Structural Funds and will strive to facilitate better alignment between its sector and regional objectives. Expanding and deepening the nature and scope of financial and non-financial instruments developed jointly with the European Commission will further improve the leverage effect of EU funding and help attract private investors.

Estimating Efficacy and Drug ED50's Using von Frey Thresholds: Impact of Weber's Law and Log Transformation

The use of von Frey filaments, originally developed by Maximilian von Frey, has become the cornerstone for assaying mechanical sensitivity in animal models and is widely used for human assessment. While there are certain limitations associated with their use that make comparisons between studies not straightforward at times, such as stimulus duration and testing frequency, von Frey filaments provide a good measurement of mechanosensation. Here we describe the application of von Frey filaments to testing in animal models, specifically with respect to determining changes in sensory thresholds in a pain state using the Dixon up-down method. In a literature survey, we found that up to 75% of reports using this method analyze the data with parametric statistical analysis and of those that used nonparametric analysis, none took into account that mechanical sensation is perceived on a logarithmic scale (Weber's Law) when calculating efficacy. Here we outline a more rigorous analysis for calculating efficacy and ED50's from von Frey data that incorporates Weber's Law. We show that this analysis makes statistical and biological sense and provide a specific example of how this change affects data analysis that brings results from animal models more in line with clinical observations. PerspectiveThis focus article argues that analyzing von Frey paw withdrawal threshold data obtained by using the Dixon up-down method without considering Weber's Law is inappropriate. An analysis method that incorporates how mechanical sensation is perceived and how its application brings results from animal models more in line with clinical data is presented.

Ferdinand Maximilian von Habsburg's Literary Work in the Light of his Later Assumption of the Throne in Mexico

Ferdinand Maximilian von Habsburg's Literary Work in the Light of his Later Assumption of the Throne in Mexico

Ferdinand Maximilian von Habsburg's Literary Work in the Light of his Later Assumption of the Throne in Mexico

Ferdinand Maximilian von Habsburg's Literary Work in the Light of his Later Assumption of the Throne in Mexico

Leading Pharmaceutical Innovation: Trends and Drivers for Growth in the Pharmaceutical Industry. By Oliver Gassmann, Gerrit Reepmeyer and Maximilian von Zedtwitz

R&D ManagementVolume 40, Issue 5 p. 511-512 Leading Pharmaceutical Innovation: Trends and Drivers for Growth in the Pharmaceutical Industry. By Oliver Gassmann, Gerrit Reepmeyer and Maximilian von Zedtwitz SANDRINE SHEPARD, SANDRINE SHEPARD CSO & Founder InnVentis, MünchenSearch for more papers by this authorTHOMAS WILCKENS, THOMAS WILCKENS CSO & Founder InnVentis, MünchenSearch for more papers by this author SANDRINE SHEPARD, SANDRINE SHEPARD CSO & Founder InnVentis, MünchenSearch for more papers by this authorTHOMAS WILCKENS, THOMAS WILCKENS CSO & Founder InnVentis, MünchenSearch for more papers by this author First published: 21 October 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2010.00617.xCitations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume40, Issue5November 2010Pages 511-512 RelatedInformation

A human experiment in nerve division by W. H .R. Rivers MD FRS, Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge and Henry Head MD FRS, Physician to the London Hospital, Brain 1908: 31; 323-450

Despite having studied in detail the symptoms and signs of recovery from peripheral nerve injury in patients at the London Hospital with Mr James Sherren, Dr Head knows that much of importance is missing from these accounts. Moreover, Dr Rivers—who has advised Sherren and Head on psychophysical aspects of their work throughout—is frustrated by the relative paucity of his own observations. The solution is simple. Dr Rivers will cut and suture all cutaneous branches of Dr Head's radial nerve at the left elbow sparing any muscular innervations and, together, they will study the patterns of recovery. Surgery takes place on 25 April 1903 in the house of Mr Dean, with Mr Sherren assisting. Continuing with his practice at the London Hospital but travelling to Cambridge for examination in Dr Rivers's College room at weekends—in order to avoid ‘the ordinary distractions of a busy life … fatal to the detachment required by the sensory tests we wished to apply’—Dr Head summarizes his responses to the examination of the affected and his normal parts over the next 4 years. Overall, Dr Head is examined over several hours on each of 167 days at intervals between 26 April 1903 and 13 December 1907, during which he is not aware of the precise nature or order of the tests being applied (Fig. 1). Sensation is mapped systematically in a grid of 1 cm squares. A variety of instruments are used: reliance is placed on the use of cotton wool; graduated tactile and pain hairs provided by Professor Maximilian von Frey that stimulate at between 8 and 266 g/mm2; Cattell's pressure algometer; temperature applied by a flat-bottomed 1.25 cm diameter silver tube; heat and cold spots detected using the 1 mm2 tip of a soldering iron; discrimination of the two points of …

Daten zu Leben und Werk des Pariser Architekten Charles Moreau zwischen 1803 und 1813

Summary The present paper must be interpreted as a sequel of the work “Daten zu Leben und Werk des Pariser Architekten Charles Moreau zwischen 1760 und 1803”published in the Osterreichische Zeitschrift fur Kunst- und Denkmalpflege, Heft 4, 2001. This essay was finished when Moreau came to Vienna in the company of Prince Nikolaus II Esterhazy at the end of 1803. The prince engaged the architect in Paris to lead the future works for the renewal of the family residence at Eisenstadt forming part of Hungary at this time. Moreau was quatered in the “Rothen Haus”which was situated in the Viennese suburb Alsergrund. In 1794 Prince Nikolaus II Esterhazy became owner of the big family estates in the kingdom of Hungary. Shortly after his installation he engaged the French architect Jean-Francois Thomas de Thomon. He was responsible for the redesign of the garden of Nikolaus II in the Viennese suburb Landstrase, which was finished already in 1795. Surprisingly Thomas de Thomon quit his contract at the beginning of 1...

When Mexico Had the Blues: A Transatlantic Tale of Bonds, Bankers, and Nationalists, 1862–1910

WHEN MAXIMILIAN VON HABSBURG' S GILDED COACH first entered Mexico City in May of 1864 to an enthusiastic greeting, the future appeared as glittering as his livery. French troops would help the Austrian prince resurrect Mexico's past brilliance. But Maximilian needed more than just soldiers to build his New World empire. The emperor needed gold. He turned to the Paris stock market, where the French regime of Napoleon III put its prestige behind bond issues of 1864 and 1865 worth some 534 million francs, in a stroke tripling Mexico's foreign debt. Alas, time would show that instead of sustaining the empire and cementing friendship and economic cooperation between France and Mexico, these bonds, known as the petits bleus because of their little blue coupons, would create persistent friction and ill feelings. The bonds that were introduced with a majestic triumphal march would linger on in the minor key of Mexican blues. Maximilian died in 1867, but the maximilianitos generated discord between the two countries until 1904. But this is not just a story of forsaken ambition. The story of these bonds says much about Mexico's changing position in the international capital market and, indeed, the transformation of that market during this period of unprecedented expansion. Mexico shed its reputation as an unreliable, financial black hole to become one of the most hotly coveted areas in the world. The bonds' tale also helps illuminate the nature and extent of imperialism, particularly French overseas and budding United States activities, in the Age of Empire. Different layers of overseas ambition, from early modern colonialism to modern colonialism and neo-colonialism, were involved. Today's globalism is not new. During the hundred years' peace before World War I, international capital flowed freely over most of the globe.1 By the end of the nineteenth century, the

A Theory of the Ethnically Homogeneous Middleman Group: An Institutional Alternative to Contract Law

A Theory of the Ethnically Homogeneous Middleman Group: An Institutional Alternative to Contract Law