Maximal Isometric Muscle Strength Research Articles

Blood flow restriction Exercise in the perioperative setting to Prevent loss of muscle mass in patients with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer: study protocol for the PREV-Ex randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPatients diagnosed with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer often suffer from a progressive loss of muscle mass. Given the considerable functional impairments in these patients, high musculoskeletal weight loads may not be well tolerated by all individuals. The use of blood-flow restricted resistance training (BFR-T) which only requires low training loads may allow for a faster recovery of muscle due to avoidance of high levels of mechanical muscle stress associated with high-load resistance exercise. This study aims to investigate whether BFR-T can prevent or slow down the loss of skeletal muscle mass and enhance the functional capacity and mental health of patients with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer.MethodsThe PREV-Ex exercise trial is a multicenter two-armed randomized controlled trial. Patients will be randomized to an exercise program consisting of home-based low-load BFR-T during a combined pre- and postoperative period for a total of 6–10 weeks (prehabilitation and rehabilitation), or to a control group. Protein supplementation will be given to both groups to ensure adequate protein intake. The primary outcomes, skeletal muscle thickness and muscle cross-sectional area, will be assessed by ultrasound. Secondary outcomes include the following: (i) muscle catabolism-related and inflammatory bio-markers (molecular characteristics will be assessed from a vastus lateralis biopsy and blood samples will be obtained from a sub-sample of patients); (ii) patient-reported outcome measures (self-reported fatigue, health-related quality of life, and nutritional status will be assessed through validated questionnaires); (iii) physical fitness/performance/activity (validated tests will be used to evaluate physical function, cardiorespiratory fitness and maximal isometric muscle strength. Physical activity and sedentary behavior (assessed using an activity monitor); (iv) clinical outcomes: hospitalization rates and blood status will be recorded from the patients’ medical records; (v) explorative outcomes of patients’ experience of the exercise program which will be evaluated using focus group/individual interviews.DiscussionIt is worthwhile to investigate new strategies that have the potential to counteract the deterioration of skeletal muscle mass, muscle function, strength, and physical function, all of which have debilitating consequences for patients with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer. The expected findings could improve prognosis, help patients stay independent for longer, and possibly reduce treatment-related costs.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05044065. Registered on September 14, 2021.

Effects of whole-body vibration training on lower extremity muscle strength and physical function in elderly patients with sarcopenia

ABSTRACT Objectives To investigate the feasibility and benefits of WBV training in enhancing muscle strength and physical performance in older inpatients with sarcopenia. Methods We included 40 patients with sarcopenia (mean age 85 years; age range 80~90 years) and randomly separated into the WBV group or control (CON) group. The WBV group underwent 8 weeks of conventional rehabilitation training combined with WBV, whereas the CON group received 8 weeks of conventional rehabilitation training alone. The primary outcome was maximal isometric muscle strength. The secondary outcomes were the time-up-and-go test (TUGT), the five-times sit-to-stand test (FTSST), the 6-m gait speed test, and the Morse Fall Scale (MFS). Results After an 8-week intervention, only the quadriceps and tibialis anterior muscles in the CON group showed substantial gains in strength. In the WBV group, significant increases were observed in iliopsoas (P<0.05), quadriceps (P<0.01), hamstring(P<0.01), and tibialis anterior muscle (P<0.01) respectively. For all physical performance assessments, improvements were observed in both CON and WBV groups (P<0.05), the improvement in the WBC group was greater than the CON group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in fall risk between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion This result highlights a eight weeks of whole-body vibration training can increase the lower-limb muscular strength and physical performance of older inpatients with sarcopenia.

Physical impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors with and without hip osteonecrosis: a PETALE cohort study.

Long-term musculoskeletal complications represent a growing burden for survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL). This study aimed to describe physical impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions in a high-risk subgroup of cALL survivors of the PETALE cohort. This cross-sectional study, using observational data from the PETALE cohort, included a subgroup of survivors who presented high-risk criteria for late effects. Outcomes measures consisted of hip magnetic resonance imaging, maximal isometric muscle strength (MIMS) or torque (MIMT), range of motion (ROM), Near Tandem Balance (NTB), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Five Time Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST), and health-related quality of life. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were performed. Survivors (n = 97, 24.2 ± 6.7years old) showed limited grip strength, FTSST, and NTB performance compared to reference values (p < 0.001). Thirteen participants (14.6%, 18 hips) had hip osteonecrosis (ON) (53.8%male). Higher severity hip ON was found in female survivors (66.7% vs. 22.2%). Survivors with hip ON had reduced hip external rotation ROM compared to those without (p < 0.05). Relationships were found between MIMS and ROM outcomes (r = 0.32, p < 0.01) and with 6MWT (r = 0.39-0.41, p < 0.001). Our multiple linear regression model explained 27.6% of the variance of the 6MWT. Survivors in our subgroup had clinically significant physical impairments and activity limitations, and those with hip ON showed worst hip impairment outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of long-term follow-up including physical therapy assessment to help early identification and management of physical impairments and activity limitations in survivors of cALL.

Self-management in patients with adult spinal deformity: a best practice implementation project.

The prevalence of adult spinal deformity (ASD) has increased in recent years. Patients often have to live for a prolonged period from the onset of the condition, up until the need for surgical treatment. Self-management plays a crucial role in disease progression and prognosis. This project aimed to promote evidence-based practices for the self-management of patients with ASD. This project was guided by the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework project and was conducted in the orthopedic department of a tertiary care hospital in China. A baseline audit was conducted to evaluate current practice against best practice recommendations. Barriers were identified and, after the implementation of improvement strategies, a follow-up audit was conducted to assess project effectiveness. A comparison between the baseline and follow-up audits revealed a significant increase in nurses' compliance with best practices (rising from 0%-64% to 97.7%-100%) in the following areas: improved health promotion behaviors by nurses in self-management of ASD patients; acquisition and application of communication skills with patients; increased availability of educational materials in the ward; and establishment of conservative treatment follow-up instructions for patients. For patients, the Visual Analog Scale of pain decreased from (2.72 ± 1.67) to (1.90 ± 1.14), the Oswestry Disability Index decreased from (49.96 ± 16.49) to (39.83 ± 18.97), self-management behaviors improved from (10.84 ± 4.31) to (19.52 ± 6.31), and maximum isometric muscle strength in the standing position increased from (179.48 ± 91.18)N to (250.03 ± 91.50)N, all with statistically significant improvements (p <0.05). For nurses, the knowledge questionnaire score improved from (34.83 ± 24.16) to (82.00 ± 11.11) (p <0.05). This project helped ASD patients improve self-management, alleviated their clinical symptoms, and improved nurses' knowledge of best practices. Future audits will be conducted to review long-term project outcomes. http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A193.

An investigation into the frequency and risk factors of low back pain following surgical treatment of isolated calcaneal fractures.

This study aimed to determine the frequency of low back pain after calcaneal fractures treated with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) and the risk factors that cause this condition. Thirty-one patients (27 males and 4 females) who underwent surgery for a unilateral calcaneal fracture between 2016 and 2020 and had no complaints of low back pain before fracture surgery were included in the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups: those who developed low back pain after the operation and those who did not. Patients were evaluated with the Life Quality Short Form SF-36, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and American Orthopedic Foot-Ankle Association Score (AOFAS). Sanders' fracture type, joint range of motion (ROM) measurements of injured and uninjured limbs, maximal isometric muscle strength measurements, balance on 1 leg with pedobarographic measurements, and walking time were evaluated. The obtained data were compared among the 2 groups. Low back pain was observed in 71% of the patients and was detected after an average of 6 months from the operation. In ODI, 59.1% of the patients reported that low back pain limited their lives slightly. Patients with low back pain have lower AOFAS scores and worse SF-36 physical functionality than those without low back pain (P < .001, P=.016). Balance time on 1 foot in pedobarographic measurements, foot in ROM, ankle in ankle active, passive plantar flexion, inversion, active hip, passive internal, external rotation, muscle is the foot eversion force. In these measurements, the values of the injured side are intact. It was statistically significantly lower than the other side (interaction P < .1). Low back pain may occur after unilateral calcaneal fractures treated by ORIF. This may be caused by decreased angles of ankle dorsi and plantar flexion, foot inversion, hip abduction, and internal and external rotation. In the rehabilitation program, not only the ankle region but also the hip joint of the affected side should be included, and the kinetic chain that describes the interaction mechanism of the human body should not be forgotten. Level IV, Prognostic Study.

A comparative study of the efficacy of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization and massage techniques in patients with patellofemoral joint pain.

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) and manipulative therapy Tui-na techniques in the treatment of patients with patellofemoral joint pain syndrome, and to evaluate their impact on pain relief, functional improvement, and joint range of motion. In this study, 25 patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome were enrolled, comprising of an intervention group of 13 patients who received IASTM treatment and a control group of 12 patients who received Tui-na manipulation therapy. The treatment cycle lasted for 4 weeks, featuring two interventions per week. Before treatment, the visual analog pain scale (VAS) of the knee, Lysholm score of the knee, modified Thomas test (MTT), and maximum isometric strength of the extensor muscles of the lower limbs were measured and recorded for both groups. After the first and last treatments, the aforementioned indexes were reassessed, and the maximum isometric muscle strength of the lower extremity extensors was measured only after 4 weeks of treatment had been completed. There was no significant difference in the basic information of the two intervention groups (p > 0. 05). After the first treatment and 4 weeks of treatment, the Lysholm score in both groups significantly improved (p < 0. 05), indicating that both interventions can improve the function of patients' lower limbs. However, the Lysholm score in the IASTM group significantly increased compared with that of the massage group after 4 weeks of treatment, indicating that its improvement in functional performance is superior. Both groups showed significant improvement in knee joint pain after the first treatment and 4 weeks of treatment (p < 0. 05), with the IASTM group having a lower VAS score and better pain improvement after 4 weeks of treatment. The strength of the two intervention groups significantly increased after the maximum isometric muscle strength test of the lower limb extensor muscles before and after 4 weeks of treatment (p < 0. 05). After the MTT test, the extension angle, deviation angle, and hip abduction angle of the tested legs in the two intervention groups were significantly reduced (p < 0. 001), indicating an improvement in lower limb joint mobility. Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization treatment and Tui-na manipulation therapy significantly reduced pain, improved knee flexibility, and increased range of motion of the lower extremity in patients with PFPS. However, IASTM treatment significantly improved pain and function and sustained pain in the short to medium-term post-trial period. www.isrctn.com, ISRCTN88098928.

Characterization of muscle strength and mobility in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.

Muscle weakness, and its association with mobility limitations, has received little study in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) using quantitative and standardized assessments. The objectives of this study were to (1) document upper and lower limb muscle strength, upper limb functions, fatigue, and mobility capacities; (2) compare them with reference values and across participant age groups; and (3) explore associations between muscle strength, fatigue, and mobility capacities among adults with OPMD. Thirty-four participants were included in this cross-sectional study. The following variables were assessed: quantitative maximal isometric muscle strength, grip and pinch strength, fatigue, walking speed, walking endurance, sit-to-stand, and stair ascent and descent capacities. Muscle strength was lower for older than younger participants for five muscle groups (P < .05). Walking endurance, sit-to-stand, stairs (ascent and descent), and strength of hip flexion, grip, and pinch were below 80% of reference values in participants ≥56 y old (55.3%-78.2%). Moderate to strong correlations were found between muscle strength and mobility capacities (ρ = 0.42-0.80, P < .05), and between fatigue and either muscle strength or mobility capacities (ρ = 0.42-0.75, P < .05). This study highlights the impact of OPMD on strength, endurance, and functional capacity, among others, with patients being well below reference values even before the age of 65 y. In addition to helping health professionals to offer better clinical guidance, these results will improve clinical trial readiness. The next steps will be to assess the metrological properties of outcome measures and continue to document the disease progression rate.

Influence of Second-Generation Oral Contraceptives on Muscle Recovery after Repeated Resistance Exercise in Trained Females.

Oral contraceptives (OCs) are commonly used by female athletes, but their effects on skeletal muscle are still poorly understood. We investigated if physically trained females using second-generation OCs differed from nonusers of OCs in the recovery of muscle function and muscle damage markers after repeated resistance exercise sessions. We recruited 20 trained second-generation OC users and 20 trained nonusers to perform three strenuous resistance exercise sessions. Before, and 3, 24, and 48 h after exercise, blood samples were collected, and participants were evaluated for muscle soreness, maximal isometric and isokinetic muscle strength, vertical jump height, Wingate power performance, leg press strength, and intermittent recovery capacity (yo-yo test). All participants were provided with an energy-macronutrient-balanced diet during the experimental period. After resistance exercise, maximal isometric and isokinetic muscle strength, rate of force development, vertical jump height, and Wingate peak and average power were reduced, whereas markers of muscle damage were increased in both groups (P < 0.05). OC users experienced a greater reduction in isokinetic strength 3, 24, and 48 h after exercise compared with nonusers of OCs (interaction: P < 0.05). No other interactions were observed. We demonstrate that measures of muscle strength recovery after three strenuous resistance exercise sessions are comparable between trained females using second-generation OCs and nonusers of OCs. However, group differences were observed for isolated dynamic (isokinetic) muscle strength, suggesting a marginal benefit of not using OCs when accelerated recovery is needed.

Correlation between run-up speed and throwing distance of elite javelin athletes

&lt;p&gt;目的：本研究探討台灣優秀標槍選手助跑速度與投擲距離之相關性。方法：8位國內優秀標槍選手 (身高：176.2 &amp;plusmn; 4.5公分，體重：87.7 &amp;plusmn; 10.7公斤，年齡：21.1 &amp;plusmn; 3.7歲，平均投擲距離：68.8 &amp;plusmn; 6.9公尺)，本研究採用實際比賽進行數據收集，本研究使用高速攝影機 (60Hz) 紀錄投擲標槍助跑過程，透過影像分析獲得助跑距離及時間。本研究採用相依樣本t檢定比較預賽及決賽的助跑速度及投擲表現及使用皮爾森積差相關分析比較助跑速度及投擲表現之相關性，顯著水準訂為 &amp;alpha; = .05。結果：研究結果發現，預賽與決賽的投擲表現顯著大於決賽有顯著差異 (p &lt; .05)，但預賽與決賽的助跑速度無顯著差異 (p &gt; .05)，另外，預賽與決賽的投擲距離與助跑速度相關性沒有顯著差異。結論：當助跑速度越快不會增加投擲距離。選手可能會有個別最佳的助跑速度。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The standing throw with run-up is the best approach to evaluate the performance of energy transfer and the efficiency of throwing motions for handball players. Purpose: This research aims at analyzing the usage of the standing throw with run-up among the handball players in Taiwan. The roles of body kinematics, strength of core muscles and standing balance of the drive leg played in the standing throw with run-up are also discussed. Methods: Nine Division I handball players from college went through a series of tests. The motions and the speed of the handball throwing were detected by a 3D electromagnetic motion analysis system and a sports radar gun, respectively. The maximum isometric muscle strength of trunks and hips were measured by a torque sensor and a home-made device of strength measurement. The standing balance of the drive leg was measured by a force plate with a mat. Results: The maximal shoulder external rotation angle in the arm cocking phase, the maximal trunk rotation velocity in the arm acceleration phase and the maximal shoulder horizontal adduction velocity showed moderate positive relationships with the ball velocity. The strength of back muscles had a moderate negative relationship with the ball velocity. The correlation between the balance ability of the drive leg and the ball velocity was not observed. Conclusion: The importance of proximal segments to the standing throw with run-up is analyzed by kinematical analysis. It is suggested that the energy of handball throwing is generated by the upper extremities or other limb segments in the processes of the standing throw with run-up. Our findings can serve as a helpful reference for both coaches and players.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

Effect of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization combined with blood flow restriction training on function, pain and strength of patients with patellofemoral joint pain

BackgroundPatellofemoral pain syndrome is a prevalent sports injury that affects athletes both in their daily lives and during training. This condition causes pain in the area where the kneecap and thigh bone meet, and it can be quite debilitating. Whether an athlete is simply going about their day or pushing themselves to the limit during a workout, patellofemoral pain can be a significant hindrance.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of combining Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM) treatment with blood flow restriction training on individuals with patellofemoral pain. Specifically, the study will assess improvements in pain levels, functional ability, strength, and joint mobility resulting from this treatment approach.MethodsTwenty-six patients diagnosed with patellofemoral pain were selected as observation subjects and randomly divided into two groups: the IASTM combined with blood flow restriction training treatment group (n = 13) and the IASTM treatment group alone (n = 13). The treatment period was 4 weeks. In this study, we conducted a comparison and analysis of the knee’s visual analogue pain scale (VAS), Lysholm score, and a modified version of the Thomas test (MTT) at three different time points.In this subject paper, we compared and analyzed the VAS score of the knee, Lysholm score of the knee, and MTT at three different time points—before treatment, immediately after the first treatment, and after four weeks of treatment. Additionally, we recorded data using a maximum isometric muscle strength testing system for the lower extremity extensors four weeks before and after treatment.ResultsIn comparing the Lysholm scores within the groups, a significant difference was observed between the two groups following the initial treatment and after 4 weeks of treatment (p < 0.05). The scores increased, indicating a significant improvement in function. The VAS scores significantly differed after the first treatment and 4 weeks of treatment compared to before treatment (p < 0.05), indicating a significant improvement in pain. Additionally, after 4 weeks of treatment, the strength of the extensor muscle in the lower extremity significantly improved (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the strength test between the groups (p > 0.05). The MTT test revealed significant changes in the three joint angles before and after treatment (p > 0.05), suggesting an improvement in joint mobility. Overall, these results demonstrate the effectiveness of the treatment in improving pain and muscle strength in the lower extremity.ConclusionThe combination of IASTM treatment and blood flow restriction has been shown to significantly reduce pain and improve periprosthetic soft tissue flexibility. Additionally, IASTM treatment alone was found to be more effective in improving knee pain and muscle flexibility, ultimately leading to increased knee strength in a pain-free state. In terms of the overall treatment outcome, it was found that the combined treatment was significantly more effective than the adjuvant soft tissue release treatment alone.

Is Cam Pincer Deformity a Predisposing Factor for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome?

This study aimed to investigate whether cam and pincer deformities (CPDs) are a risk factor for patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) in women. In addition, it sought to compare the hip joint range of motion and the hip muscle strength of extremities with and without CPDs and PFPS. A total of 82 hips of 41 women with PFPS were included in the study. The mean age of participants was 32.07 ± 7.13years. The presence of CPDs was detected on digital anterior pelvis radiographs. Pain was evaluated using the visual analog scale, and function using the Kujala scoring system. Maximum isometric muscle strength around the hips was measured using a hand-held dynamometer. Hip joint range of movement angles were measured in all three planes using a universal goniometer. CPDs were found to predict PFPS in women (p = 0.011, p = 0.048). The rate of CPDs was significantly higher in extremities with PFPS compared to those without PFPS (p = 0.007). The Kujala scores of extremities with cam deformity were significantly lower than those of extremities without pincer deformity (p = 0.043). The internal/external muscle strength ratio was greater, and the abduction/adduction muscle strength ratio was lower in extremities with cam and PFPS than in those without (p = 0.040, p = 0.049). The external rotation and abduction range of movement angles were significantly smaller in extremities with pincer and PFPS compared to those without (p = 0.043, p = 0.035). CPDs may be a structural predisposing factor in the development of PFPS in women. CPDs assessment when evaluating predisposing factors for PFPS may present an opportunity for the management of PFPS.

Effect of tDCS Combined With Physical Training on Physical Performance in a Healthy Population

ABSTRACT Purpose: The effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with physical training has shown inconsistent results through research. Hence, a study utilizing a long-term tDCS application over the primary motor cortex and a large sample size is required to determine whether tDCS combined with physical training can increase physical performance (muscular strength, endurance, and explosive strength) in healthy adults. Material and methods: Fifty-six healthy adults were randomly distributed into two groups: active (active tDCS+ physical training) and sham (sham tDCS + physical training) and received the intervention three times per week for six weeks. Muscle strength was assessed using maximal isometric muscle strength (MIMS) by a digital dynamometer. Muscular endurance and lower limb explosive strength were assessed by using muscle fitness testing (MFT), and the Sargent jump test. Results: The active and sham groups exhibited significant improvement in all measured parameters in intragroup analyses. However, intergroup analyses revealed no significant difference between the groups. Conclusion:Our findings suggest that only physical training improved MIMS in the upper and lower extremities, MFT endurance scores, and lower limb explosive power. Thus, tDCS failed to demonstrate its effectiveness in a healthy population according to the protocol used in this study.

Muscle Strength, Oxygen Saturation and Physical Activity in Patients with Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome Compared to Asymptomatic Controls.

One of the most common causes of exercise-induced pain in the lower leg is chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS). Research is limited on muscle strength, oxygen saturation and physical activity in patients with CECS. To compare muscle strength, oxygen saturation, and daily physical activity between patients with CECS and matched asymptomatic controls. A secondary purpose was to investigate the association between oxygen saturation and lower leg pain in patients with CECS. Case-control study. Maximal isometric muscle strength of the ankle plantar and dorsiflexors was tested in patients with CECS and sex- and age-matched controls using an isokinetic dynamometer and oxygen saturation (StO2) during running was tested by near infrared spectroscopy. Perceived pain and exertion were measured during the test using the Numeric Rating Scale and Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and the exercise-induced leg pain questionnaire. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometry. Twenty-four patients with CECS and 24 controls were included. There were no differences in maximal isometric plantar or dorsiflexion muscle strength between patients and controls. Baseline StO2 was 4.5pp (95% CI: 0.7;8.3) lower for patients with CECS than for controls, whereas no difference existed when they experienced pain or reached exhaustion. No differences were found in daily physical activities, except that on average, patients with CECS spent less time cycling daily. During the StO2 measurement, patients experienced pain or reached exhaustion while running significantly earlier than the controls (p<0.001). StO2 was not associated with leg pain. Patients with CECS have similar leg muscle strength, oxygen saturation and physical activity levels as asymptomatic controls. However, patients with CECS experienced significantly higher levels of lower leg pain than the controls during running, daily activities and at rest. Oxygen saturation and lower leg pain were not associated. Level 3b.

Effects of Controlled Supramaximal High-Intensity Interval Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Global Cognitive Function in Older Adults: The Umeå HIT Study-A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study examined the effects of regulated and controlled supramaximal high-intensity interval training (HIT) adapted for older adults, compared to moderate-intensity training (MIT), on cardiorespiratory fitness; cognitive, cardiovascular, and muscular function; and quality of life. Sixty-eight nonexercising older adults (66-79 years, 44% males) were randomized to 3 months of twice-weekly HIT (20-minute session including 10 × 6-second intervals) or MIT (40-minute session including 3 × 8-minute intervals) on stationary bicycles in an ordinary gym setting. Individualized target intensity was watt controlled with a standardized pedaling cadence and individual adjustment of the resistance load. Primary outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇o2peak) and global cognitive function (unit-weighted composite). V̇o2peak increased significantly (mean 1.38 mL/kg/min, 95% CI [0.77, 1.98]), with no between-group difference (mean difference 0.05 [-1.17, 1.25]). Global cognition did not improve (0.02 [-0.05, 0.09]), nor differed between groups (0.11 [-0.03, 0.24]). Significant between-group differences in change were observed for working memory (0.32 [0.01, 0.64]), and maximal isometric knee extensor muscle strength (0.07 N·m/kg [0.003, 0.137]), both in favor of HIT. Irrespective of the group, there was a negative change in episodic memory (-0.15 [-0.28, -0.02]), a positive change in visuospatial ability (0.26 [0.08, 0.44]), and a decrease in systolic (-2.09 mmHg [-3.54, -0.64]) and diastolic (-1.27 mmHg [-2.31, -0.25]) blood pressure. In nonexercising older adults, 3 months of watt-controlled supramaximal HIT improved cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular function to a similar extent as MIT, despite half the training time. In favor of HIT, there was an improvement in muscular function and a potential domain-specific effect on working memory. NCT03765385.

Effects of walking football on adherence, safety, quality of life and physical fitness in patients with prostate cancer: Findings from the PROSTATA_MOVE randomized controlled trial.

To analyze the feasibility and impact of a walking football (WF) program on quality of life (QoL), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscle strength, and balance program in men with prostate cancer under androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Fifty patients with prostate cancer (stages IIb-IVb) under ADT were randomized to a 16-week WF program plus usual care (n=25) or usual care control group (n=25). The WF program consisted of three 90-minute sessions per week. Recruitment, withdrawal, adherence, enjoyment rate, and safety of the intervention were recorded throughout the study. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed before and after the interventions, while handgrip strength, lower limb muscle strength, static balance, and QoL were assessed before, during (week 8), and after (week 16) the interventions. Adverse events during sessions were also recorded. The WF group showed high levels of adherence (81.6 ± 15.9%) and enjoyment rate (4.5 ± 0.5 out of 5 points). In the intention-to-treat analysis, the WF group showed an improvement in chair sit-to-stand (p=0.035) compared to the control group. Within-group comparisons showed that handgrip strength in the dominant upper limb (p=0.024), maximal isometric muscle strength in the non-dominant lower limb (p=0.006), and balance in the dominant limb (p=0.009) improved over time in the WF group but not in the usual care group. The results obtained from the per-protocol analysis indicate that CRF improved significantly in the WF group as compared to the control group (p=0.035). Within-group analysis revealed that CRF (p=0.036), muscle strength in dominant (p=0.006) and non-dominant (p=0.001) lower limbs, and balance in the non-dominant lower limb (p=0.023) improved after 16 weeks of WF, but not in the control group. One major traumatic injury (muscle tear) was reported with a complete recovery before the end of the intervention. This study suggests that WF is feasible, safe, and enjoyable in patients with prostate cancer under hormonal therapy. Furthermore, patients who adhere to the WF program can expect cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and balance improvements. clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04062162.

The biomechanical analysis of the standing throw with run-up

&lt;p&gt;為了解手球選手在投擲動作上的效率，墊步射門是檢視能量傳遞好壞的最佳方式。目的：分析臺灣手球選手使用墊步射門的情形，以及探討肢體運動學，核心肌群肌肉力量和前導腳站立平衡能力在墊步射門中的重要性。方法：9 位大專男子甲組選手 (年齡 22.0 &amp;plusmn; 1.3 歲、身高 177.1 &amp;plusmn; 3.1 公分、體重 78.4 &amp;plusmn; 5.1 公斤)，以三度空間電磁場動作分析系統擷取墊步射門動作，並以雷達測速槍測量球速；以力矩傳感器搭配特製測力裝置測量軀幹及髖關節各肌群之最大等長肌力；以軟墊置於測力板上測量前導腳站立平衡能力。使用肯德爾相關係數探討射門運動學參數、核心肌群肌肉力量和前導腳站立平衡能力與墊步射門球速之相關性，顯著水準定在 p &lt; .05。結果：引臂期的肩膀最大外轉角度 (Kendall’s tau-b = .54)，手臂加速期的軀幹最大旋轉速度 (Kendall’s tau-b = .54)、肩膀最大水平內收速度 (Kendall’s tau-b = .69) 與射門球速皆有中度的正相關。背部肌肉力量與射門球速有中度的負相關 (Kendall’s tau-b = -.57)。前導腳平衡能力參數與射門球速皆無相關性存在。結論：透過運動學分析了解到大專男子甲組選手在執行墊步射門時的動作表現，並發現身體近端對於墊步射門的重要性。建議應加強墊步射門時的軀幹動作，藉由較快的軀幹旋轉速度來帶動上肢的投擲表現，以提升射門球速。&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The standing throw with run-up is the best approach to evaluate the performance of energy transfer and the efficiency of throwing motions for handball players. Purpose: This research aims at analyzing the usage of the standing throw with run-up among the handball players in Taiwan. The roles of body kinematics, strength of core muscles and standing balance of the drive leg played in the standing throw with run-up are also discussed. Methods: Nine Division I handball players from college went through a series of tests. The motions and the speed of the handball throwing were detected by a 3D electromagnetic motion analysis system and a sports radar gun, respectively. The maximum isometric muscle strength of trunks and hips were measured by a torque sensor and a home-made device of strength measurement. The standing balance of the drive leg was measured by a force plate with a mat. Results: The maximal shoulder external rotation angle in the arm cocking phase, the maximal trunk rotation velocity in the arm acceleration phase and the maximal shoulder horizontal adduction velocity showed moderate positive relationships with the ball velocity. The strength of back muscles had a moderate negative relationship with the ball velocity. The correlation between the balance ability of the drive leg and the ball velocity was not observed. Conclusion: The importance of proximal segments to the standing throw with run-up is analyzed by kinematical analysis. It is suggested that the energy of handball throwing is generated by the upper extremities or other limb segments in the processes of the standing throw with run-up. Our findings can serve as a helpful reference for both coaches and players.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

Evaluation of Force Sense, Functional Performance, Quality of Life, Activity Level and Kinesiophobia in Degenerative Meniscal Tears Following Partial Meniscectomy

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare functional performance, force sense of knee joint, kinesiophobia, quality of life, and activity level between patients with partial meniscectomy and healthy people.&#x0D; Methods: Twenty patients with partial meniscectomy within six months to three years postoperatively and 20 healthy were included in this study. Maximal voluntary isometric muscle strength of Quadriceps femoris muscle and force sense with the biofeedback device, quality of life with Western Ontario Meniscal Evaluation Tool, functional performance with stair up/down test, physical function with Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical Function Short Form, activity level with Tegner Activity Level scale, kinesiophobia was evaluated with Brief Fear of Movement Scale.&#x0D; Results: Range of motion, maximal voluntary isometric muscle strength of M. Quadriceps femoris, and force sense decreased in the operated leg compared with the non-operated leg (p

Intrinsic foot muscle size and associations with strength, pain and foot-related disability in people with midfoot osteoarthritis

BackgroundTo compare intrinsic foot muscle size between people with and without symptomatic midfoot osteoarthritis, and examine the association between muscle size and strength, pain and foot-related disability. MethodsTwenty-three participants with symptomatic midfoot osteoarthritis and 23 age, sex and BMI matched controls were included. Intrinsic foot muscle cross-sectional area was measured using MRI. Hand-held dynamometry was used to assess foot and ankle muscle strength, and foot-related pain and disability was measured using Manchester Foot Pain & Disability Index. FindingsSmall and non-statistically significant differences were found in intrinsic foot muscle cross-sectional area between the two groups (effect sizes 0.15–0.26, p > 0.05). Muscle strength was reduced in the midfoot osteoarthritis group, with differences of 12–33% (effect sizes 0.47–1.2). In the control group, moderate positive associations) existed between foot muscle cross-sectional area and lesser digits flexor strength (r = 0.5 to 0.7, p < 0.05). Conversely, in the midfoot osteoarthritis group, negligible positive associations were found (r < 0.3, p > 0.05). Associations between foot muscle cross-sectional with and pain and disability scores in the midfoot osteoarthritis group were negligible (r < −0.3, p > 0.05). InterpretationDespite reductions in maximal isometric muscle strength, midfoot osteoarthritis does not appear to be associated with reduced intrinsic foot muscle cross-sectional area measured by MRI. Muscle compositional or neural factors may explain the reductions in muscle strength and variation in symptoms in people with midfoot osteoarthritis and should be investigated.

VP.28 Psychometric properties of muscle strength assessment by hand-held dynamometry in healthy adults: A reliability study

Maximal isometric muscle strength (MIMS) assessment is a key component of physiotherapist' work. Hand-held dynamometry (HHD) is a simple and quick method to obtain quantified MIMS values. However, the lack of MIMS reference values with well-known psychometric properties in healthy adults limits the use and the interpretation of the measures obtained with HHD in clinic. To determine the intra- and inter-rater reliability, standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable changes (MDC) of MIMS values obtained with HHD. MIMS measurements of 17 muscle groups were assessed by two independent raters at three different times in 30 healthy adults aged between 18 and 70 years old using a standardized HHD protocol: T1(day 1: rater 1), T2 (day 5: rater 2) and T3 (day 14: rater 1). Intra- and inter-rater reliability were measured using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC: 95% confidence interval) and the SEM and MDC were calculated from these reliability data. Intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability were good to excellent with ICC (95% confidence interval) varying from 0,90 to 0,99 (0,85-0,99) and 0,89 to 0,99 (0,55-0,995) respectively, except for the wrist flexors and the internal hip rotators, which showed moderate to excellent inter-rater reliability. Relative and absolute SEM and MDC for intra-rater reliability ranged from 0.14 to 3.20 Nm and 0.50 to 3.45 % for the SEM and 0.38 to 8.87 Nm and 1.38 to 7.88% for the MDC, respectively for all muscle groups. Relative and absolute SEM and MDC for inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.17 to 5.80 Nm and 0.49 to 3.25 % for the SEM and 0.47 to 16.06 Nm and 1.35 to 9.02% for the MDC, respectively. The good to excellent intra- and inter-rater reliability of the standardized HHD protocol make of the HHD protocol used a method of choice in clinical or research setting. Knowing the psychometric properties of MIMS values obtained with HHD standardized measurement protocols will allow an optimal use of the reference values established. Hand-held dynamometry, muscle strength, psychometric properties, quantitative evaluation.

Effects of whole-body electromyostimulation training on upper limb muscles strength and body composition in moderately trained males: A randomized controlled study.

Resistance training has been known to have a positive effect on muscle performance in exercisers. Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) is advertised as a smooth, time-efficient, and highly individualized resistance training technology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of WB-EMS training on maximum isometric elbow muscle strength and body composition in moderately trained males in comparison to traditional resistance training. The study was a randomized controlled single-blind trial. Twenty, moderately trained, male participants (25.15 ± 3.84, years) were randomly assigned to the following groups: a WB-EMS training group (n = 11) and a traditional resistance training group (the control group [CG]: n = 9). Both training intervention programs consisted of 18 training sessions for six consecutive weeks. All subjects performed dynamic movements with the WB-EMS or external weights (CG). The primary outcome variables included maximum isometric elbow flexor strength (MIEFS), maximum isometric elbow extensor strength (MIEES) and surface electromyography amplitude (sEMGRMS). Secondary outcomes involved lean body mass, body fat content, arm fat mass, and arm lean mass. ANOVAs, Friedman test and post hoc t-tests were used (P = 0.05) to analyze the variables development after the 6-week intervention between the groups. Significant time × group interactions for MIEFS (η2 = 0.296, PBonferroni = 0.013) were observed, the increase in the WB-EMS group were significantly superior to the CG [23.49 ± 6.48% vs. 17.01 ± 4.36%; MD (95% CI) = 6.48 (1.16, 11.80); d = 1.173, P = 0.020]. There were no significant differences were observed between interventions regarding MIEES, sEMGRMS and body composition. These findings indicate that in moderately trained males the effects of WB-EMS were similar to a traditional resistance training, with the only exception of a significantly greater increase in elbow flexor strength. WB-EMS can be considered as an effective exercise addition for moderately trained males.