Cooperative Principle Research Articles

Principles of Politeness in Balinese Speech

A good communication is reflected in the use of good and appropriate language. Politeness in a language is an important thing that needs to be considered in communication. However, often the problem of politeness in language becomes an obstacle for the younger generation in using Balinese. For that reason, a research on politeness in language related to the use of good and appropriate language in using Balinese is very important to do. Data of this research is written data of Balinese folklore. To obtain good research results, the data collection method applied in this study is the observation method with the help of notes. The data analysis used matching and distributional methods with intralingual and extralingual techniques. The data was analyzed referring to the view that living language (used orally and in writing) represents facts about nature, society and culture that exist in its environment so that in addition to being a social fact, language is also a record of natural facts as a sign of the relationship between humans and their natural environment. This study shows that the principle of politeness includes the principle of politeness and the principle of cooperation. Related to the two principles, the forms of compliance with the principle of politeness and the principle of cooperation, the forms of violations of the two principles, and the reasons why violations of the two principles of politeness can occur are studied.

The vague language use scale: Clinical utility and psychometrics from adults with traumatic brain injury.

Pragmatic communication difficulties encompass many distinct behaviours, including the use of vague and/or insufficient language, a common characteristic following traumatic brain injury (TBI) that negatively impacts psychosocial outcomes. Existing assessments evaluate pragmatic communication broadly, often with only one or two items capturing each behaviour, thus limiting sensitivity and precision to variations within each behaviour. Given that greater nuance is needed to detect subtle pragmatic communication differences and investigate underlying cognitive mechanisms, a more refined measure is critical to improve psychosocial outcomes. The Vague scale was developed to address those needs. To provide preliminary evidence supporting the novel Vague language use (Vague) scale's reliability, validity and clinical utility. The Vague scale rates each discourse sample utterance for vague language use on a 3-point scale; the measure's Vague score represents the mean of utterance-level ratings. Using the Vague scale, two raters naïve to diagnosis evaluated Cinderella narratives of 46 adults with severe TBI and 46 controls with no brain injury, providing reliability, construct validity and classification accuracy evidence. Vague scores were also compared to other clinical measures to gather criterion-related validity evidence. Interrater agreement across all transcripts was moderate. Construct validity was supported by expected group differences and criterion validation, including significant relationships with increased violations of Grice's maxim of quantity and measures of lexical variation; significant relationships with psychosocial outcomes, supporting clinical utility; and nonsignificant relationships with measures of syntax and overall pragmatic communication. Classification accuracy expectedly did not support using Vague scores in isolation for diagnosis, due to unacceptable sensitivity (0.696). Evidence supported the Vague scores' psychometric properties. Thus, the Vague scale shows promise as a measure of one distinct pragmatic communication behaviour: vague language use. Future research should apply the Vague scale to determine its sensitivity in individuals with subtle social communication challenges (e.g., mild TBI), explore its utility with more naturalistic discourse samples as part of a pragmatic communication battery, longitudinally examine changes in Vague scores, and investigate cognitive mechanisms underlying this specific pragmatic communication behaviour. What is already known on this subject Use of vague language is common following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may contribute to negative psychosocial outcomes related to employment and relationships. However, existing measures of vague language lack sensitivity and precision, limiting their utility for identifying subtle performance variations or determining the cognitive mechanisms underlying this specific pragmatic communication behaviour. What this study adds to existing knowledge The current study gathered promising reliability, validity and clinical utility evidence to support using the novel Vague language use (Vague) scale, which was developed to address these limitations. Based on complex (Cinderella) stories of adults with and without TBI, Vague scores demonstrated moderate interrater agreement and promising construct validity based on expected group differences and criterion validation, including moderate associations with related constructs and weak associations with unrelated constructs. Because pragmatic communication profiles post-TBI can vary, classification accuracy expectedly indicated that Vague scores should not be used alone to identify communication differences post-TBI. What are the clinical implications of this work? Vague scores show promise for documenting clients' use of vague language and planning intervention to address associated discourse-level challenges. Future research should investigate applying the Vague scale to naturalistic discourse samples (1) as part of a battery that sensitively and precisely identifies pragmatic communication differences and (2) as a tool for investigating cognitive mechanisms underlying vague language use, with the goal of improving interventions that support pragmatic communication and enhance psychosocial outcomes.

Human dignity and the pursuit of knowledge in Islamic thought: Insights from the Quran

This research examines the interplay between human dignity and the pursuit of knowledge within Islamic thought, using insights from the Quran. It explores how Islamic epistemology emphasizes the harmonious integration of divine revelation and human reason, underscoring the importance of knowledge as a key factor in both intellectual and spiritual development. By analyzing the contributions of classical Islamic scholars, such as Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Al-Ghazali, alongside Western epistemological traditions, the study highlights complementary and contrasting approaches to understanding knowledge and its role in shaping ethics and governance. Furthermore, the research draws on contemporary case studies, such as the Marrakesh Declaration and Masdar City, to illustrate how Quranic principles of cooperation, justice, and environmental stewardship can inform modern societal frameworks. Ultimately, the study argues for the continued relevance of Islamic thought in addressing contemporary global challenges, emphasizing that the pursuit of knowledge not only advances scientific discovery but also promotes human dignity, justice, and societal well-being.

Socio-Pragmatic Insights into Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun

The present study focuses on a socio-pragmatic perspective within Discourse Analysis. Grounded in the theoretical frameworks of Grice’s Cooperative Principles (1975), Conversational Implicatures (Levinson, 1983, 2000), and Politeness Principles (Levinson, 1978; Leech, 1983), it examines five selected excerpts from Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun to illuminate the varying strategies through which interlocutors navigate language according to shifting conversational contexts. Following a systematic corpus selection process, the quantitative analysis and interpretation of findings reveal how characters work cooperatively to achieve mutual understanding within conversations, often generating different implicatures. The findings suggest that an utterance’s conversational significance is shaped entirely by its specific context of use. Consequently, this study underscores the essential recommendation that, for effective communication, conversational participants must attentively utilize contextual cues to construct and interpret utterances’ ad hoc conversational values, thereby fostering mutual understanding and common ground.

APPLICATION OF EUROPEAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN THE PLANNING ACTIVITIES OF POST-WAR UKRAINE'S MULTI-LEVEL CONSUMER CO-OPERATION SYSTEM

The Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU requires Ukraine to consider the adoption of a European model of corporate governance. The EU has a wealth of experience in the effective management of consumer co-operation, which can inform the development of best practices for Ukraine. The subject of the study is the adaptation and substantiation of the current specifics of the application of European principles of corporate governance in the process of planning the activities of a multi-level system of consumer co-operation in Ukraine. This study employs a range of general scientific methods, including modelling, economic analysis, forecasting, a system approach and synthesis. These methods have been used to develop generalisations and conclusions related to the object of research as a whole, namely the multi-level and multi-sectoral system of consumer co-operation in Ukraine. The objective of this study is to justify the implementation of European principles, mechanisms and tools of corporate governance, based on a comprehensive analysis, with the aim of optimising the planning processes and the development of a multi-level system of consumer co-operation in Ukraine. The fundamental characteristics of co-operative systems have been elucidated, and the principal distinctions between them and corporations have been identified. The functions of the corporate governance system are examined and a conclusion is reached regarding their alignment with the responsibilities and principles of consumer co-operation. The factors that contributed to the success of the development of the consumer co-operation trade sphere in the Soviet period are identified. This study considers the information base for planning the retail turnover of consumer co-operatives in the context of a planned economy. It identifies the main shortcomings and weaknesses of this approach. The principal indicators of activity for consumer co-operatives in Ukraine are examined in the context of their statutory mission. In light of the application of the substitution method, potential indicators of trade turnover for consumer co-operatives, contingent upon collaboration up to the level of 1990, are modelled. It can be concluded that the system of consumer co-operation has not yet fully adapted to the new economic conditions, new legislation and processes of increasing competition in the market, despite the transition to a market economy. In light of the aforementioned circumstances, it is imperative to implement European principles of corporate governance and contemporary international principles governing the advancement of the co-operative movement within the framework of consumer co-operation. The principles of corporate governance, developed by such international organisations as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the European Confederation of Shareholder Associations, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, have been subjected to detailed analysis. The evolution of the corporate governance system has been delineated with respect to the consumer co-operation. This trend coincides with the imperative necessity for the consumer co-operation of Ukraine to reform its planned system, which represents a key component of its commitment to more effective management. The necessity for additional harmonisation of Ukrainian co-operative legislation with European legislation has been established. The composition of the information base for the development of indicators of the plan of retail turnover of the consumer society in the modern context is justified. The article's primary conclusions are that the negative trends and the quantitative and qualitative indicators of consumer co-operatives in Ukraine can be halted and improved through the implementation and advancement of institutional co-operative advantages, which are codified by legislation and validated by both domestic and European experience. Consequently, members of consumer societies and potential shareholders must be regarded as a central object and subject of planning, regulation, operational activities and the development of consumer co-operatives. In the context of the implementation of the decentralisation policy in Ukraine, in order to optimise the relations between co-operative enterprises and organisations at the horizontal and vertical levels, it is necessary to plan the development of the co-operative system as a component of regional development. The use of IT technologies will allow automating all operational processes, using the full range of planning forms and methods, and at the same time preserving the scientifically sound principles of consumer co-operation development as a system with the possibility of medium- and long-term planning.

What a Joke: Humor Generated by Conversational Maxim Violations in Plato and a Platypus Walk into a Bar...

Alawiyyah, Wawan Gunawan, R. D. (2020). Passage2020, 8 (3), 1-23. Alawiyyah, Wawan Gunawan, Ruswan Dallyono, 8(3), 1–23. Amianna, J. N. R. P., & Putranti, A. (2017). Humorous Situations Created by Violations and Floutings of Conversational Maxims in a Situation Comedy Entitled How I Met Your Mother. Journal of Language and Literature, 17(1), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.24071/joll.v17i1.598 Berger, A. A. (1976). Anatomy of the Joke. Journal of Communication, 26(3), 113–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1976.tb01913.x Cathcart, T. W. and Klein D.M. (2007). Plato and a Platypus Walk Into a Bar – Understanding Philosophy Through Jokes, Abrams Image. Caesilia, C. (2015). An analysis of non-observance maxims in humorous conversation in How I met your mother season 2. Unpublished master’s thesis. Department of Language and Arts Education, Sanata Dharma University. Chaipreukkul, L. (2013). A Study of Non-Observance of Grice’s Cooperative Principle Found in Humor Discourse: A Case Analysis of the Situation Comedy The Big Bang Theory∗. Humanities Journal, 20, 223–249. https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/abc/article/download/53947/44781/ Cresswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4Th Editio). SAGE Publications. Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Grice, H.P. 1989. Studies in the Way of Words. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Hoa, N. (2017). a Discursive Construction of Identities Through Verbal Humor. VNU Journal of Foreign Studies, 33(3). https://doi.org/10.25073/2525-2445/vnufs.4151 Holmes, J. (2000). Politeness, Power and Provocation: How Humour Functions in the Workplace. Discourse Studies, 2(2), 159–185. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445600002002002 Holmes, J., & Marra, M. (2002). Over the edge? Subversive humor between colleagues and friends. Humor, 15(1), 65–87. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.2002.006 Miles, M.B., & Huberman, A.M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis, 2nd Ed. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Petraki, E., & Ramayanti, I. (2018). Navigating the Indonesian workplace hierarchy: Managers’ use of humour as a rapport building strategy. Journal of Pragmatics, 134, 199–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2018.06.010 Prasojo, R., Nababan, M. R., & Djatmika. (2017). Maxim infringement of captain haddock in the adventure of tintin. Proceeding of 2nd International Conference of Arts Language Culture. Raskin, V. (1979). Semantic Mechanisms of Humor. Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 5(January 1985), 325. https://doi.org/10.3765/bls.v5i0.2164 Rochmawati, D. (2012). Violation of Grice’s cooperative principles as humour strategies in short-joke text. Literature, Culture and Language Teaching, 1: 108-117. Ross, A. (2005). The language of humour. The Language of Humour, 1–117. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203984567 Santosa, R. (2021). Dasar-Dasar Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Kebahasaan. UNS Press. Thomas, J. (2013). Meaning in interaction: an introduction to Pragmatics. Routledge. Xue, Z., & Hei, K. C. (2017). Grice's Maxims in Humour: the Case of "Home With Kids". English Review: Journal of English Education, 6(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v6i1.770

Disclaiming in the British Prime Minister Boris Johnson's Questions (PMQs) Sessions: A Pragmatic perspective

The study conducts disclaiming, which states that one has no responsibility for or knowledge of something that has occurred. Specifically, this research examines disclaiming language in spontaneous verbal interactions, particularly during Boris Johnson's Prime Minister's Questions sessions. The main goal of the study is to analyze the forms of disclaiming that Boris Johnson employed during these sessions and identifying the most common type. It also explores the pragmatic strategies employed in Boris Johnson's Prime Minister's Questions sessions. The research methodology involves presenting a theoretical overview of disclaimers alongside a comprehensive analysis of the chosen data using qualitative and quantitative methods. The research findings indicate that the representation of disclaimers in Boris Johnson's sessions relies fundamentally on three key types that frequently occur during these sessions. Furthermore, the study also highlights the pragmatic strategies that underpin the use of disclaimers, including speech acts, Grice’s conversational maxims, and politeness strategies. These findings emphasize the complex interplay between pragmatic strategies and the use of disclaiming in verbal interactions and highlight the importance of utilizing disclaiming in political discourse.

An Analysis of Cantonese Verbal Humor in Table for Six from the Perspective of Pragmatics

Table for Six is a Hong Kong comedy movie released in 2022. With a box office of 77 million Hong Kong dollars, it won the historical championship of Hong Kong comedy films and was well-received by the public upon its release. It is a superb example of a “Dayo Wong-style movie” , with a ton of amazing Cantonese verbal humor. The cooperation principle, a crucial pragmatics theory, is used in this study along with qualitative research methodologies to investigate the mechanism of verbal humor production in the Cantonese setting. The article strategically selects four very representative character dialogues in the movie and conducts an in-depth analysis of them using the cooperative principle’s quantity maxim, quality maxim, relation maxim and manner maxim, further broadening the scope of linguistics research in the Cantonese context.

The Application of Cooperative Principle in Classroom Language between Teachers and Students

The Cooperative Principle, as proposed by H.P. Grice, has been increasingly applied in educational settings to enhance communication between teachers and students. This paper reviews the application of the Cooperative Principle in various educational contexts, highlighting its significance in fostering effective classroom interactions. The principle, which emphasizes the importance of cooperation in conversation, is analyzed through different studies focusing on questionnaires, childhood education, online education, and language instruction. The paper, using case studies on the application of the maxims of quantity and quality in language instruction. It suggests that teachers should provide concise instructions and offer corrective feedback to enhance student engagement and language acquisition. In conclusion, the Cooperative Principle plays a vital role in educational communication, yet its effectiveness is influenced by individual and regional differences. Teachers are encouraged to adapt their lesson plans to incorporate the principle, ensuring more effective and supportive learning environments.

Violation of Maxims of Quality and Quantity in Anime Spy X Family Episode 1-3: Pragmatic Study

The anime genre has gained significant popularity as a source of entertainment, and Spy X Family stands out as a prominent example of this phenomenon. The objective of this study is to examine the violations of the principles of quality and quantity in the Spy X Family. The study is characterized by its descriptive nature and utilizes a qualitative methodology. Observational data was collected by listening and taking notes, and subsequently examined utilizing translational matching methods. A total of four cases of violation of the maxim of quality and four instances of violation of the maxim of quantity were identified in the findings. These infractions are ascribed to the characters' origins as spies, which require them to furnish information that does not accurately represent the real situation.

The Soviet-Japanese Basic Convention of 1925 (the Historic and Legal Aspect)

The paper is devoted to the problem of international cooperation between the Soviet Union and Japan in the 1920s. The author uses the method of historical and legal analysis to examine the convention on the basic principles of relations between the USSR and Japan that was adopted in 1925. The Convention was one of the first significant historical instruments of the 20th century within the framework of the development of the Russian Far Eastern political program. The author examines the document from a historical and legal point of view in order to reveal its legal component and deepen the understanding of its diplomatic significance and influence on the development of international relations in the first half of the 20th century. The paper presents historical resources on the key reasons and conditions that led to the signing of the Convention. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the Convention’s content, basic principles of cooperation enshrined in the Convention that laid the foundations for the regulation of relations between the Soviet Union and Japan. The author also examines the consequences the Convention had for both countries both in the short and long run. The study presents the author’s standing regarding the contradictory nature of the Convention of 1925 expressed in realization by the parties of their foreign policy objectives through unequal concessions, particularly for the USSR. The contribution of the Convention to the formation of political and economic relations between Japan and the USSR in the following years is emphasized.

Primary Language Instruction from the Perspective of the Cooperative Principle

Generally speaking, our communication needs to communicate with others in good faith. In the process of communication, it is more important to communicate the minds of the listener and the speaker to achieve the purpose of resonance. In primary language instruction, whether teachers and students can communicate successfully determines whether classroom activities and language knowledge can be carried out smoothly. However, due to the limitations of pupils' knowledge level and the stage of learning English at the beginning, the primary school teachers have brought greater pressure. If teachers can make good use of the cooperative principle of pragmatics, students can understand the content taught by teachers, and teachers' teaching work can be carried out smoothly.

The law politics of bankruptcy decision execution against debtor's assets abroad

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze law politics related to the execution of bankruptcy decisions against debtor assets abroad. The research method used is normative legal research with a qualitative descriptive analysis method approach, based on comparative law, with prescriptive analytical specifications. The research findings conclude that sovereignty is interpreted as the responsibility to improve and protect all national and international community interests, manifested in the form of the state's ability to interact and establish relations with countries in the world, as well as cooperate and coordinate bilaterally, multilaterally and in international organizations. The provisions on international bankruptcy in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations or Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang (Bankruptcy Law) are similar to the Dutch Bankruptcy Law, there are no comprehensive regulations related to international bankruptcy. To ensure legal certainty, a legal policy is needed in the form of changes and updates to the Bankruptcy Law by adding articles to apply the principles of international bankruptcy in the Model Law, namely the Principle of Access, the Principle of Recognition, the Principle of Assistance and the Principle of Cooperation and Coordination, as applied in the US Bankruptcy Code Chapter 15. Article 299 of the Bankruptcy Law also needs to be amended so that the procedural law applied is the special procedural law for international bankruptcy.

Interview with Franz Perrez

Franz Perrez is Director-General of the Directorate of International Law at the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA), Switzerland. He is responsible for the development and interpretation of international law and ensuring that Switzerland's strategic rights are respected abroad. As a member of the FDFA senior management, Mr Perrez is also jointly responsible for the FDFA's strategic approach and advises the Federal Council, Switzerland's representatives abroad and other Federal Administration offices on international law issues. Prior to his new role Mr Perrez was appointed Switzerland's Ambassador for the Environment and Head of the International Affairs Division at the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) in 2010. In this capacity, he headed the Swiss delegations to international environmental and climate negotiations for thirteen years. After studying law in Bern and Paris, Mr Perrez worked at the FDFA's Directorate of International Law from 1993 to 1995. He went on to study at New York University, where he gained a master of laws focusing on international law and completed a PhD thesis on the topic of sovereignty as a principle of cooperation. On returning to Switzerland, he took up a position at the World Trade Organization (WTO) Division of the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs, before joining the FOEN in 2001. Mr Perrez has proven expertise in international law. He has widely published in the area of international environmental law, international environmental governance, the relationship between trade and the environment, and public international law. Since 2008, Mr Perrez has also lectured on international environmental law at the University of Bern School of Law. He served as a panellist on the newest WTO tuna–dolphin dispute between Mexico and the United States, and as Switzerland's Ambassador for the Environment and Chief Negotiator for Environmental Issues, namely climate change, biodiversity, chemicals and waste, he led the Swiss delegation to the Rio+20 conference and to the Paris Climate Change Conference in 2015. He was President of the Basel Convention (COP 11 in 2013) and President of the Rotterdam Convention (COP 8 in 2017) and facilitated the negotiations on mitigation of the Paris Agreement. Through his work within and outside of Switzerland, he has built strong networks around the world and within the Federal Administration.

Linguistic insights into high-quality content for SEO: Optimizing high-quality content with Grice's conversational maxims

Attaining a first-page position in search engine results is crucial for websites, impacting their visibility. Search engine optimization involves technical and content optimization strategies to enhance a website's visibility. Central to this effort is the creation and maintenance of high-quality content that satisfies search engine algorithms and engages the intended audience. However, creating high-quality content is inherently challenging due to its subjective and multifaceted nature. This study addresses this challenge by analyzing high-quality content through a linguistic lens. It introduces a tailored framework that includes textual, stylistic, technical, and regulatory criteria, outlining the essential features of user-oriented high-quality content. Furthermore, this research advocates for the application of Grice's conversational maxims—quality, quantity, relevance, and manner—in content creation and optimization to enhance the development of high-quality content. Employing a quantitative methodology and drawing on findings from an experiment conducted on Google's search engine platform, this study promotes the effective utilization of these maxims to cultivate high-quality content and improve rankings on search engine results pages.

Revisiting education for co-operatives: Exploring the value of signature pedagogies

Educational practices have always played an important role in developing approaches that reflect the plurality of forms of co-operative organisations. Arguably, education is fundamental to the endurance of the co-operative movement. While these practices are intended to reproduce the unique knowledge and social structures that inform co-operatives, they may not always reflect the intrinsic and distinctive values of the co-operative principles. In fact, inappropriate educational practices have had the effect of weakening the co-operative movement by perpetuating a mindset that fosters social and economic inequities. I explore key constructs from education theory and their relevance to pedagogical practices that are intended to support education for co-operatives. In this paper, I argue that education for co-operatives could benefit greatly from identifying and developing signature pedagogies.

МІЖНАРОДНЕ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНЕ СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВО ТА ЙОГО РОЛЬ У ПОВОЄННОМУ ВІДНОВЛЕННІ ПРИМОРСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ УКРАЇНИ

The article is devoted to the study of the scientific and theoretical foundations of international investment cooperation and the analysis of its impact on the economic development of the coastal areas of Ukraine. It is conducted the critical review of existing definitions of the studied concept. It is proposed the proper definition that considers the socio-economic nature of such cooperation. International investment cooperation should be understood as economic relations formed as a result of international investment and mediating the movement of international investments. It is defined the main purpose of the investigated phenomenon, which consists in making a profit. It is emphasized the key difference between international investment cooperation and other forms of cross-border movement of capital by the presence of a commercial basis that accompanies this process in one way or another. It is considered previous developments in formulating the principles of investment cooperation. It is proposed own list of principles for its implementation: economic expediency, freedom and equality of parties, fair distribution of benefits and risks, regulatory and tax coordination, social, environmental and ethical responsibility, strategic, transparent and contractual nature. By constructing polynomial regression equations of the dependence of the gross product of the coastal regions of Ukraine on direct foreign investment, the regularities of the influence of international investment cooperation on the economic development of the respective territories are investigated. It is determined that such cooperation is characterized by its fundamental importance for the economic growth, its direct impact on the regional economic complex, the marginal possibilities of rational placement of international investments and the unevenness of the positive effect they generate. It is substantiated the practical advantages and limitations of the potential increase in the volume of international investment in the post-war period.

Governance of Village-Owned Enterprises in Promoting Economic Growth

background: The governance of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) plays a critical role in fostering sustainable development in rural areas. Specific background: This research explores the governance practices of BUMDes Kerto Emas, emphasizing the principles of transparency, cooperation, participation, and inclusiveness. Knowledge gap: Previous studies have not sufficiently examined how sustainable practices are implemented within the operational framework of BUMDes, especially concerning product management and website functionality. Aims: This study aims to assess the current governance indicators applied in BUMDes Kerto Emas, particularly regarding sustainability and the integration of digital platforms. Results: The findings reveal that while BUMDes Kerto Emas has made significant strides in governance, challenges remain in achieving sustainability, particularly in the underutilization of digital platforms for product display. Novelty: This study introduces a new perspective by linking sustainable business development with the need for improved online presence in village-owned enterprises. Implications: The research suggests that enhancing product offerings and optimizing digital platforms are essential for achieving long-term sustainability, providing a framework for improving governance in similar rural enterprises. Highlights : Governance principles must focus on transparency and cooperation for sustainable BUMDes operations. Digital platforms play a crucial role in enhancing product visibility and sustainability. Continuous evaluation is needed to optimize governance for long-term sustainability. Keywords: Governance, BUMDes, Sustainability, Participation, Digitalization

Development of airfield electrical power systems for military aircrafts

The article presents selected problems in the operation of airport power supply systems (LZE), resulting from the growing needs in terms of increasing power and ensuring the appropriate quality of electrical energy supplied to aircraft installations and receivers. The main stages of development of airport power supply systems for aircraft are reviewed. The basic technical structures of airport power supplies for aircraft were presented, divided into two groups: stationary (without the possibility of moving and with the possibility of moving) and mobile (placed on wheels that are an integral part of the LZE structure, including self-propelled with operator's cabin, self-propelled without operator's cabin, mobile but not self-propelled).The basic principles of cooperation of LZE systems with the aircraft's on-board electrical network and a description of the organizational and technical structure of military ground-based power supply systems are given. The main direction of current work is the results of technical analysis of selected damages to airport power supply systems and proposals to improve the situation on the example of airport control devices LUK-1 and LUK-2 built at ITWL, dedicated to diagnosing the technical condition of LZE systems.

Methodological Validation of the Cooperative Social Responsibility Measurement Instrument

This research is part of the project "Corporate Social Responsibility in Ecuadorian savings and credit cooperatives. A multi-case analysis and proposal for the development of a cooperative education program" and examines the synergy between cooperative principles, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the dimensions proposed for a Cooperative Social Responsibility (CSR) measurement model in Ecuador. It explores how these dimensions converge to promote ethical, sustainable and socially responsible practices, aligned with current regulatory compliance. CSR has become increasingly important in cooperatives, becoming a fundamental practice that encompasses cooperative governance, economic, social, environmental, ethical and technological dimensions. This study describes the methodological process for the validation of a CSR instrument in cooperatives, reviewed and validated by experts from Spain, Ecuador, Guatemala, Argentina and Cuba, using the Delphi method to reach a consensus on the relevance and clarity of the questionnaire items. This process ensures that the instrument is suitable for assessing CSR practices in credit unions, providing a reliable tool for the continuous improvement of their operations.