Maxilon Red GRL Research Articles

Removal of Maxilon Red GRL dye in continuous system adsorption column using waste pine sawdust

In this study, the effect of various design parameters on the removal of the Maxilon Red GRL dye, used in textile dyeing, in continuous system adsorption column was investigated using pine sawdust that were pre-treated with sulfuric acid. In each selected study parameter, the values read at certain times for the ratio of the output water concentration to the input concentration (Ct/Ci) were recorded into the graph and the breakthrough curves were drawn. The adsorption capacity (qm) obtained under the best conditions (10 cm bed height, 6 mL/min flow rate and 100 mg/L initial concentration) selected according to breakthrough curve data is 483.32 mg/g. In the latest stage, with a 0.4 M NaOH solution, the applicability of regeneration to the adsorbent bed was examined. The results of the study showed that the adsorbing capacity of the used adsorbent continued for another even after regeneration. Furthermore, the data obtained from the breakthrough curve was adapted to the Adams-Bohart, Thomas, and Yoon-Nelson models. It was understood that compared to other models, the Thomas model was more appropriate for the identification of breakthrough curves.

Highly efficient removal from aqueous solution by adsorption of Maxilon Red GRL dye using activated pine sawdust

Pine sawdust, to which sulfuric acid was applied (APSD), was utilized as an inexpensive adsorbent to perform the batch adsorptive removal from a synthetic dye solution of Maxilon Red GRL (MR GRL). The activated adsorbent was characterized by the points of zero charge, FTIR, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, and SEM-EDX analyses. According to the removal results, the highest efficiency of the dye adsorption was reached at 180min. MR GRL removal of 99.35% was achieved using APSD under the optimum conditions (pH=5.7–6.0, temperature=298 K, dye concentration= 250mg/L, and adsorbent dosage=8 g/L). The Langmuir isotherm represents the best explanation model for the experimental data, which has the highest adsorption capacity of 312.5mg/g at 318 K. The compatibility of adsorption with the Langmuir isotherm showed that adsorption was reversible and physical. The other results obtained confirmed this situation. The kinetic research demonstrated that the sorption process was realized in accordance with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that the MR GRL adsorption occurred spontaneously and was exothermic. The findings of the present research confirm that acid-activated pine sawdust may be utilized to remove MR GRL dye from aqueous solutions as a low-cost and efficient adsorbent.

Biosorption of Azo Dye (Maxilon Red and Everzol Red) on to Natural and Modified Waste Sludge

A wide range of technologies has been developed for the removal of dyes from wastewaters to decrease their environmental impact. Wastewater containing dyes is generally treated using more than one process such as adsorption/biosorption. In this study, effects of initial pH (2-8), initial azo dye concentration (Co:25-200 mg/l), contact time (tc:2.5-1440 min) and amount of waste sludge (m:1-15 g/l) were studied by natural and modified dried waste aerobic sludge (WS) in a lab-scale batch study and also optimized by employing response surface methodology (RSM)-Box-Behnken Model for Maxilon Red GRL(MRGRL) and Everzol Red (ER) removal from wastewaters. The optimum experimental conditions were found to be pH=5, Co= 112.5 mg/l, tc= 180 min. and m= 15g/l for dyes and MRGRL and ER removal was determined as about 97% and 95.85%, respectively. The results clearly showed that amount of WS and contact time are the most important parameters for color removal. FTIR and SEM (scanning electron microscope) images were used to understand morphology and structural character of WS and after biosorption process. D-R biosorption isotherm model was used in order to determine type of biosorption mechanism. The E value of D-R isotermisotherm model was found to be 7.071 for both dye. Pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion (Weber-Morris) models were suitable for biosorption kinetics. 0,1 M HCl and NaOH were used for desorption studies. Effect of ionic strength (NaCl) was not observed between 0,5-1 mol/L NaCl on to biosorption efficiency. WS (biowaste), Natural or modified, one of the low-cost biosorbent, can be used for removal of azo dye from wastewaters.

Application of Fenton reagent and adsorption as advanced treatment processes for removal of Maxilon Red GRL

<p>In this paper, the removal of Maxilon Red GRL by adsorption onto raw soil sample known as Niğde (Bor) grape molasses soil and Fe+2/H2O2 reagent as advanced treatment processes were investigated. The effects of various experimental parameters such as initial Fe+2 and H2O2 concentrations, pH, temperature, contact time, initial adsorbent dose, and initial dye concentration on adsorption and Fenton process efficiencies were studied in a batch reactor. The adsorption experimental data were modeled by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm (R2>0.99). The optimum conditions had been determined and found that efficiency of decolorization obtained after 20 min of reaction, was about 99.4% for Fenton process.</p>

Extraction and Characterization of Starch from Oak Acorn, Sorghum, and Potato and Adsorption Application for Removal of Maxilon Red GRL from Wastewater

Pure starch has been isolated from different samples: oak acorn, sorghum, and potato using alkali steep and wet-milling procedure. The structure of the extracted starches was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Their physicochemical properties (water content, ash content, pH, amylose content, swelling power, and water solubility index) were determined. The FT-IR spectra of isolated native starches have shown the main bands characterizing the starch. For sorghum starch (SS) and oak acorn starch (OAS), X-ray diffractograms exhibited an A-type diffraction pattern, while potato starch (PS) displayed typical B-type pattern. Compared to sorghum and oak acorn, potato starch has shown the highest level of both swelling power and water solubility index.To estimate the color removal quality of the extracted starches, a sorption of a dye named maxilon red GRL has been carried onto them.The results of equilibrium isotherms in batch adsorption process were analyzed according to the Langmuir and Freundlich model. The characteristic parameters were determined for each model. Furthermore, the effect of initial pH and ionic strength on adsorption capacity was considered, and regeneration studies were carried out.

Ultrasound assisted extraction of Maxilon Red GRL dye from water samples using cobalt ferrite nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon as sorbent: Optimization and modeling

In this research, a selective, simple and rapid ultrasound assisted dispersive solid-phase micro-microextraction (UA-DSPME) was developed using cobalt ferrite nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon (CoFe2O4-NPs-AC) as an efficient sorbent for the preconcentration and determination of Maxilon Red GRL (MR-GRL) dye. The properties of sorbent are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Vibrating sample magnetometers (VSM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Particle size distribution (PSD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) techniques. The factors affecting on the determination of MR-GRL dye were investigated and optimized by central composite design (CCD) and artificial neural networks based on genetic algorithm (ANN-GA). CCD and ANN-GA were used for optimization. Using ANN-GA, optimum conditions were set at 6.70, 1.2mg, 5.5min and 174μL for pH, sorbent amount, sonication time and volume of eluent, respectively. Under the optimized conditions obtained from ANN-GA, the method exhibited a linear dynamic range of 30–3000ngmL−1 with a detection limit of 5.70ngmL−1. The preconcentration factor and enrichment factor were 57.47 and 93.54, respectively with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 4.0% (N=6). The interference effect of some ions and dyes was also investigated and the results show a good selectivity for this method. Finally, the method was successfully applied to the preconcentration and determination of Maxilon Red GRL in water and wastewater samples.

Fast removal of cationic dyes using pH-sensitive Fe3O4/poly(methacrylic acid) nanocomposite particles

In this work, the pH-sensitive magnetic Fe3O4/polymethacrylic acid nanocomposite particles were synthesized by a new one-step method and used as adsorbents for the removal of two cationic dyes from aqueous solution. The resulting product was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Particles size distribution of product and its pH responsivity was investigated by dynamic light scattering. Adsorption performance of the magnetic adsorbent was tested with removal of methylene blue and maxilon red GRL from aqueous solution. The effects of solution pH value, adsorption time and initial dye concentration were investigated. The adsorption behavior fits well with the Langmuir rather than the Freundlich model. The results reveal that the adsorbent has ability to remove dyes rapidly within a few minutes due to the absence of the internal diffusion resistance. Moreover, the synthesized adsorbent has good reusability.

Thermodynamics and kinetics of adsorption of a cationic dye onto sepiolite

The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of Maxilon Red GRL (MR-GRL), a cationic textile dye, onto sepiolite were investigated in aqueous solution in a batch system. The effect of contact time, stirring speed, initial dye concentration, initial solution pH, ionic strength, and temperature was studied. The initial tested concentrations of MR-GRL solution were 1.5 × 10−3, 2.0 × 10−3 and 2.5 × 10−3 mol/L. The effect of pH was analyzed in the pH range from 5 to 10. The effect of ionic strength was investigated at 0.001–0.100 mol/L NaCl salt concentrations. The experiments were carried out at 288, 298, 308, and 318 K set with a thermostat. The all parameters significantly influenced the adsorption rate and capacity. Experimental data were fitted to pseudo-first order, second-order, Elovich equation, mass transfer, and intra-particle diffusion models. The adsorption kinetics data showed that this process can be described by the pseudo-second-order model, from which the rate constant and the adsorption capacity were determined. The thermodynamic activation parameters such as the activation energy, enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy were determined. The value of the standard enthalpy change (19.92 kJ/mol) indicates that the adsorption is physical in nature involving weak forces of attraction and is also endothermic. The results showed the applicability of this clay as an efficient adsorbent for cationic dyes.

Electrochemical Decolorization of Maxilon Red GRL Textile Dye

Aims: The aim of this research paper is to examine the efficiency of electrooxidation and electrocoagulation techniques to remove the textile dye Maxilon Red GRL from polluted water. Study Design: The study was performed by usingtwo graphite electrodes as anode and cathode for electrooxidation (EO) and a stainless steel electrode as anode and graphite as cathodefor electrocoagulation (EC).

Batch Adsorption of Maxilon Red GRL from Aqueous Solution by Natural Sugarcane Stalks Powder

Sugarcane stalks powder was tested for its efficiency of removing a textile dye Maxilon Red GRL from aqueous solution. Different parameters affecting dye removal efficiency were studied. These parameters include contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, ionic strength, pH, and temperature. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to the equilibrium data. The data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm (). The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity () was found to be 20.96 mg/g at an initial pH of 7.2. The temperature variation study showed that dye adsorption is exothermic and spontaneous with increased randomness at the solid solution interface. The results indicated that sugarcane stalks could be an alternative for more costly adsorbents used for dye removal. The kinetic of the adsorption process followed the pseudo second-order kinetics model.

Effective removal of maxilon red grl from aqueous solutions by walnut shell: Nonlinear kinetic and equilibrium models

The feasibility of walnut shell as a waste biomaterial for removing Maxilon Red GRL (MR GRL) dye from aqueous solutions was investigated in this work. The biosorption was studied as a function of pH, ionic strength, biosorbent dosage, particle size, temperature, initial dye concentration, and contact time. Nonlinear kinetic equations including the pseudo‐first order, pseudo‐second order, and Logistic were applied to the experimental data for describing the biosorption kinetics. The Logistic model showed the best correlation with the experimental data. Besides, intraparticle diffusion was not the sole rate‐controlling factor. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Hill, and Dubinin‐Radushkevich nonlinear isotherms were fitted to the equilibrium data, and the Hill model presented the best fit. Thus, this research highlights the potential of walnut shell as an effective biosorbent for the removal of MR GRL from aqueous media. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 396–401, 2014

Potential use of shell biomass (Juglans regia L.) for dye removal: Relationships between kinetic pseudo-second-order model parameters and biosorption efficiency

The capability of walnut shell for dye removal from aqueous media was investigated and Maxilon Red GRL (MR GRL) was used as a model dye. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model showed the best correlation with the experimental data. The relationships between this kinetic model parameters and biosorption performance were evaluated. The approaching equilibrium factor (Rw) displayed that the biosorption nearly reached equilibrium and approach to equilibrium increased with higher biosorbent dosage. The equilibrium data presented an excellent fit to the Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic analysis proved a spontaneous, favorable, and endothermic process. It can be concluded that walnut shell could be a potential low-cost biosorbent for the MR GRL removal from aqueous solutions.

Optimization of Biosorption Conditions for Color Removal by Taguchi DOE Methodology

The biosorption conditions for the removal of Maxilon Red GRL (MR GRL) dye by walnut shell were optimized using the Taguchi technique. This study adopted an L9 orthogonal array based on the Taguchi method to conduct a series of experiments and statistically evaluated the experimental data by the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The main operating parameters including biosorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and contact time were chosen to achieve the maximum dye removal. The best conditions were found as initial dye concentration of 80 mg L−1, contact time of 120 min and biosorbent dose of 1 g L−1 for the larger is better response category. The biosorbent dosage was found to be the most important factor on the dye removal. The optimal conditions predicted were further validated by the confirmation experiments. In this way, the Taguchi approach proved to bea reliable tool in the optimizing biosorption conditions. ©2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 1129–1133, 2013

Bioremoval of textile dyes with different chemical structures by Aspergillus versicolor in molasses medium

Bioremoval of 17 dyes with different chemical structures by Aspergillus versicolor was detected in this study. Maxilon Red GRL (MR-GRL), Everdirect Fast Black VSF (EFB-VSF) and Brillant Blue R (BB-R) were removed better by fungal mycelia. Optimum pH values were found as 6 for all three dyes. In further experiments in the highest dye concentrations tested in this study, 58.3, 100 and 49% removal yields and 14.8, 12.6, 9.0 q(m) values were found for MR-GRL, EFB-VSF and BB-R, respectively. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction after seven days of incubation period and role of laccase activity of Aspergillus sp. were also investigated. COD reduction and laccase activities were 55.6% and 2.93 U/mL for MR-GRL, 90.7% and 3.0 U/mL for EFB-VSF and 69.0% and 1.79 U/mL for BB-R, respectively. According to these results A. versicolor deserves notable attention for removal of these dyes in wastewater effluents.

Decolorization of Basic Red 46 and Methylene Blue by anaerobic sludge: Biotic and abiotic processes

Decolorization of Basic Red 46 (Maxilon Red GRL) (BR46; azo dye) and Methylene Blue (MB.; cationic dye) was studied by using anaerobic sludge taken from upflow anaerobic sludge blanket bed (UASB) reactor treating wastewaters of Pakmaya Yeast Factory in Izmit, Turkey. Experiments were carried out under abiotic and biotic conditions. Abiotic tests were carried out without living biomass in order to determine color removal by non-biological process. The biotic tests were achieved at two cases as dye main carbon source without co-substrate (glucose) and using different concentrations of glucose (500-1000-1500-2000-3000 mg/l). For first case; the concentration of dyes was 25(B1), 50(B2), 100(B3) mg/l. In the other case; dye concentration was kept constant as 100 mg/l for changing glucose concentrations. MB removal (40%) was better than BR46 removal (25%) physically as physically in abiotic conditions. In biotic tests without glucose, color removal for both dyes were achieved at almost within in the 120 h. The maximum dye removal rates were obtained at the starting of experiments. In biotic tests with co-substrate, decolorizations rate of dyes was obtained faster than first case experiments. Almost complete removal for BR46 and MB were found in 25 and 50 h, respectively. The highest removal rates for both dyes were determined by co-substrate with the highest concentration of glucose, 3000 mg/l in the biotic conditions. BR46 and MB can be biologically degraded by using anaerobic sludge with and without co substrate. Decolorization of BR46 and MB was achieved at short time with presence of co-substrate.

Removal of cationic dyes by kaolinite

The removal of cationic dyes such as maxilon yellow 4GL (MY 4GL) and maxilon red GRL (MR GRL) on kaolinite from aqueous solutions has been studied according to the adsorption method. The adsorbed amount of dyes on kaolinite surface was investigated as a function of pH, ionic strength, temperature, acid activation, and calcination temperature. It was found that: (i) the adsorbed amount of cationic dyes increased with increase in pH and decreased with increase in temperature, ionic strength, acid activation, and calcination temperature; (ii) the adsorption process was an exothermic process; (iii) the experimental data were correlated reasonably well by the adsorption isotherm of the Langmuir; and (iv) the interactions between adsorbate and adsorbent from adsorption heat data were physical in nature.

Adsorption kinetics of maxilon yellow 4GL and maxilon red GRL dyes on kaolinite

Kaolinite, a low-costly material, is the most abundant phyllosilicate mineral in highly weathered soils. In this work, the adsorption kinetics of maxilon yellow 4GL (MY 4GL) and maxilon red GRL (MR GRL) dyes on kaolinite from aqueous solutions was investigated using the parameters such as contact time, stirring speed, initial dye concentration, initial pH, ionic strength, acid-activation, calcination and solution temperature. The equilibrium time was 150 min for both dyes. The results showed that alkaline pH was favorable for the adsorption of MY 4GL and MR GRL dyes and physisorption seemed to play a major role in the adsorption process. It was found that the rate of adsorption decreases with increasing temperature and the process is exothermic. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order equation for both dyes investigated in this work with the k 2 values lying in the region of 1.79 × 10 4 to 107.87 × 10 4 g/mol min for MY 4GL and 3.44 × 10 4 to 72.09 × 10 4 g/mol min for MR GRL. The diffusion coefficient values calculated for the dyes were in the range of 3.76 × 10 −9 to 62.50 × 10 −9 cm 2/s for MY 4GL and 1.98 × 10 −9 to 44.00 × 10 −9 cm 2/s for MR GRL, and are compatible with other studies reported in the literature. The thermodynamic activation parameters such as the enthalpy, entropy and free energy were determined. The obtained results confirmed the applicability of this clay as an efficient adsorbent for cationic dyes.

Photo-Degradation of Some Dyes using Ag-Loaded Titaniumdioxide

The photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes using TiO2 andsilver-loaded TiO2 has beenstudied. The dyes which were chosen (methyl violet, a cationicdye; Cibacron Blue FMR, areactive dye; and Maxilon Red GRL, a mono azo basic dye)represent the major structuralfamilies of organic dyes. Ag-loading dramatically reduceddegradation time. While theundoped TiO2 degraded about 63% of the total amount ofmethyl violet within 4 min,degradation rose to 95% with Ag-loaded TiO2 within the sametime period. The photo-decomposition of dyes was monitored as a function of pH anddissolved organic and inorganic matters.