Maxillary Sinus Measurements Research Articles

The impact of maxillary dimensions on determining surgical approach of fungal ball in the maxillary sinus

Endoscopic middle meatal antrostomy (MMA) is commonly used for maxillary sinus (MS) fungal ball removal. For challenging cases involving anterior or inferior recess, an additional inferior meatal approach (IMA) might be needed. We analyzed the differences in MS dimensions on CT scans according to the surgical approach to suggest preoperative variables that could facilitate an additional IMA. CT scans of 281 adult patients who underwent ESS for the MS fungal ball (139 MMA, 62 MMA & IMA) were evaluated for comparative analysis of 8 MS measurements based on the surgical approach. Complete removal was achieved in all cases. Age and sex didn't differ significantly (p > 0.05). The maximum distances between the anterior–posterior walls, the inferior ostium border to the lateral recess, and the ostium to the inferior wall of the MS were statistically greater in the MMA & IMA group compared to the MMA group (p = 0.003, p = 0.005, and p = 0.010, respectively), especially among females. This study underscores the clinical importance of specific measurements—anterior to posterior wall, medial wall to lateral recess, and ostium to inferior wall of the maxillary sinus—for guiding optimal surgical approaches in MS lesions.

Age and Gender Determination using Maxillary Sinus and Sella Turcica on Lateral Cephalogram: A Retrospective Digital Radiographic Study

Background: Anthropometry is of immense importance in human identification and plays a major role in medico legal investigation of demise. Lateral cephalogram provides architectural, morphological details of skull and multiple points for comparison also presents various anatomical landmarks. The study aimed to evaluate morphometric analysis of Maxillary sinus& Sella turcica parameters in gender determination& age estimation.Methodology: The study included 300 digital Lateral cephalograms of age range 10-40 years divided in to 3 groups &50 males and 50 females in each age group. Linear measurement was performed for Maxillary Sinus Height, Width and Index & Sella turcica (ST) Length, Depth and Diameter. Results indicated that all the study parameters were found to be statistically significant in determination of age except Sella turcica depth. Maxillary sinus parameters & Sella turcica diameter, length showed significant corelation between age group Group-1 and Group-II. Maxillary sinus width, height& Sella turcica length was found to be statistically significant in determination of gender. Discriminant equation of MS width had highest accuracy of 63.7% in determination of gender.Conclusion: Lateral Cephalogram can be used to determine age and gender using linear measurements of maxillary sinus and Sella turcica.

Maxillary Sinus Measurements in Different Age Groups of Human Cadavers

The maxillary air sinus is the largest air sinus among the four air paranasal sinuses, which is a cavity in the body of maxilla. It is pyramidal in shape co nsisting of base, apex and four sides; its base comprises the thin lateral wall of nasal cavity. This study carried out at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Baghdad and the Forensic Medicine Unit in Tikrit Teaching Hospital during the period from January 2010 to July 2011. A randomized sample of 110 human cadavers that arranged in four different age groups and dissected to study the three dimensions of both maxillary sinuses in both sexes by using a standard flexible tape measure or vernier caliper. The mean v alue of the maxillary sinus length in males was (36.4 ± 4.6 mm) and in females was (33.9 ± 4.2 mm); from these results, the mean value of males was significantly greater than that of females. On the other side, the mean value of the maxillary sinus width in males was (27.4 ± 4 mm) and in females was (25.3 ± 3.9 mm); therefore, these results demonstrate that the maxillary sinuses were wider in males than females. For males, the mean value of the maxillary sinus height was (35.1 ± 3.9 mm) and for females was (30.8 ± 3.6 mm). From these findings, a higher significant difference between the mean values was found; also there was a high significant difference between the two genders because the mean value of the maxillary sinus height for males was significantly higher than that for females. According to age groups of the present study, group 1 of maxillary sinus found to be still in growing state and not reaching its full size. Group 2 showing an extensive growth in maxillary sinus length and width, especially on the right side. Group 3 might partly showing growth in maxillary sinus length and height, which indicates that at this age the maxillary sinus reaches its full height. Finally, group 4 might partly indicates that the maxillary sinus reaches its full growth if it fails to reach it in group 3. The findings of the present study disagree with that done by Parks who mademeasurements for the maxillary sinuses on normal Korean adults using computed tomography, since these differences were may be due to ethnic variations. Also due to race differences, this study disagree with Fernandes (2) who studied the maxillary sinus in European and Zulu using computed tomography.

Gender Determination Based on CBCT Maxillary Sinus Analysis: A Systematic Review

Gender determination is an essential element for human identification in forensic medicine, to which the maxillary sinuses may contribute as they remain intact even after severe damage to the skull and other structures. Aim: To evaluate scientific evidence published over the last decade to determine whether maxillary sinus dimensions and volume may constitute useful parameters for forensic identification and gender determination, based only on cone-beam computed tomography images (CBCT). Methods: This review adhered to the PRISMA statement’s criteria. Four databases were searched for articles published between January 2010 and April 2023. Results: Initially, 1719 records were identified. After screening, there were 2475 participants in the included studies. Of the fifteen articles selected, five reported data assessing only volumetric measurements of the maxillary sinus, seven reported data calculating only linear measurements and three reported data by combining findings of both linear and volumetric measurements of the maxillary sinus. Maxillary sinus volume was significantly higher in male participants. Maxillary sinus height was the best discriminating parameter for forensic identification with an overall accuracy ranging from 70% to 80%. Conclusions: Maxillary sinus measurements revealed anatomic variability between genders, and this approach can be applied as a complementary method for human identification.

Maxillary sinus in gender determination: a morphometric analysis using cone beam computed tomography.

Gender determination of skeletal remains is an important forensic procedure in the identification process. Maxillary sinus remains intact even when the skull and other bones may be badly disfigured. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) can provide precise information about complex anatomical structures, as it is characterized by rapid volumetric image acquisition with high resolution. The present study aimed to assess the accuracy of maxillary sinus measurements using cone beam computed tomography in gender determination and to develop a formula using discriminate function analysis. Bilateral maxillary sinus images (left and right) were acquired for 200 patients (100 females and 100 males) and different parameters (width, length, height, area, perimeter, and volume) were measured and evaluated. Mean and standard deviation of both maxillary sinuses measurements were calculated and compared. The data was subjected to discriminative statistical analysis and analyzed using an unpaired t-test. The difference between all these variables was statistically significant between males and females. Based on discriminant analysis, the most pronounced variable in the differentiation of gender groups was maxillary sinus height. Gender assessment was established correctly with an accuracy of 75% for females and 64% for males with an overall accuracy of 69.5%. Adding other independent variables to the model did not result in an improvement in overall accuracy. Cone beam computed tomography measurement of maxillary sinus can be used as an aid in forensic anthropology for gender determination.

Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus Volume of Class III Individuals with Different Jaw Positions by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.

To compare maxillary sinus volumes and surface areas among individuals with Class III skeletal patterns, with different sagittal positions of maxilla and Class I patients with normal jaw positions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT images of 168 patients were analyzed retrospectively. The calculated surface areas and sinus volumes of 58 patients with Class I, normal mandibular and maxillary position (0<ANB<4, 84>SNA>80, 82>SNB>78) were compared with 61 patients with Class III retrognathic maxillary and normal mandibular positions (MRs) (ANB<0, SNA<80, 82>SNB>78) and 49 patients with Class III normal maxillary and prognathic mandibular positions (MP) (ANB<0, 84>SNA>80, SNB>82). Also, volume differences between genders and sides were investigated. One-way ANOVA and t-test were used to compare age, gender, skeletal patterns, and maxillary sinus measurements. CBCT images of 94 females and 74 males were examined. There was no statistically significant difference in the right and left maxillary sinus volume and surface area measurements among Class I, Class III MR, and Class III MP groups (p>0.05). When the maxillary sinus volume and surface area were evaluated according to gender, the right maxillary sinus surface area and volume of males were found to be statistically significantly higher than those of females (p=0.012 and p=0.024). Similarly, the left maxillary sinus surface areas and volumes of males were also found to be significantly higher than those of females (p=0.000 and p=0.002). Different sagittal positions of the maxilla do not appear to affect maxillary sinus volume, and males tend to have greater maxillary sinus volume than females. CBCT images can be used to calculate intrabony air spaces.

Gender Determination from Maxillary Sinus using Computed Tomography Scans - A Radiographic Study.

Purpose of this research was to check the precision of gender identification using computed tomography (CT) head and neck scans and volumetric analysis of the maxillary sinus. For 50 patients (25 females and 25 males), left and right maxillary sinus scans were acquired, and linear measurements (width, length, height, and volume) were assessed. Both maxillary sinus measurements' means and standard deviations were computed and contrasted. Males have been found to have considerably larger maxillary sinuses than females. Accurate gender determination is possible with the use of maxillary sinus.

A Comparative Analysis of Mandibular Ramus and Maxillary Sinus in Sex Determination among the Population of West Godavari, India: A Tool in Forensic Identification

Introduction: The application of dental principles to legal issues is known as forensic dentistry. Among the skull’s various bones, mandible is the strongest and most diverse bone and is crucial in determining sex. It is been reported in many studies that maxillary sinus seems to be intact, although other bones may be severely deformed and can be applied to determine sex. Aim: To assess, analyse and compare the morphometric analysis of maxillary sinus and ramus of mandible for gender determination using digital Orthopantamograph (OPG). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising of 64 individual radiographs (32 men and 32 women) were measured for mandibular ramus (maximum ramus width, condylar and coronoid height) and maxillary sinus length, width and compared bilaterally. The results were tabulated and statistically analysed using discriminant functional analysis after the mean values were calculated. Results: In this study, the overall measurements of mandibular ramus were more in males than females whereas maxillary sinus measurements were more in females when compared with males. Condylar length (right and left), width of ramus (right) and width of maxillary sinus (left) were found to have statistical significance in determining the gender (p-value&lt;0.001,0.024,0.024). Length of the condyle showed highest accuracy of 73.8% in gender determination. Conclusion: This study suggests that the mandibular ramus and maxillary sinus measurements using OPG are helpful in dealing forensics, with condylar height being the most accurate indicator for gender determination.

Artificial Neural Network as a Predictive Tool for Gender Determination using Volumetric and Linear Measurements of Maxillary Sinus CBCT: An Observational Study on South Indian Population

Introduction: Determination of age and gender using bones of skull is central aspect of forensic odontology. Maxillary sinuses in this regard have shown high accuracy in predicting gender. Aim: To identify gender using the volumetric and linear measurements of maxillary sinuses obtained from a Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based tool. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 80 volumes of CBCT (derived from n=80 patients) with equal gender distribution. The CBCT images were analysed for eight linear and two volumetric measurements namely the maxillary sinus height, maxillary sinus length, maxillary sinus width, distance between infraorbital foramen and distance between maxillary sinus. The data from these parameters were reported by two experts and subjected to discriminant analysis and McNemars test for gender determination. The same data was also fed to the ANN software and the accuracy of its gender prediction was analysed by Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (ROC) and Area Under the Curve (AUC). Results: The ROC test and AUC (ANN –test) had shown high accuracy for prediction of gender form the data of the CBCT parameters for maxillary sinuses. McNemars test showed that the difference in proportion between the actual gender and ANN predicted gender was not significant (p-value=0.687) and the agreement between the actual gender and ANN in measuring the gender was 84.6%. The male sex was predicted correctly upto 89.7% and female sex upto 94.9%. Conclusion: This study has found ANN to have an encouraging predictive power in gender determination based on linear and volumetric measurements of maxillary sinus obtained from CBCT

Computed Tomographic Measurements of Maxillary Sinus for Gender Determination in the Himachali Population

Computed Tomographic Measurements of Maxillary Sinus for Gender Determination in the Himachali Population

Reliability of gender determination from paranasal sinuses and its application in forensic identification-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review aims to determine whether linear or morphometric analysis of paranasal sinuses can be used for accurate determination of gender and to appraise which sinus can be evaluated for accurate gender determination.A comprehensive search of the specialized databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, Clinical Key, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Epistomonikos, LILACS, OpenGrey) and other institutional repositories was performed for including the studies which assessed paranasal sinuses for gender determination. Quality assessment was carried out with the AQUA tool. The meta-analysis was performed with the eligible study data at 95% CI and p ≤ 0.05 in the random-effects model.Forty-six studies evaluating frontal sinus (13), maxillary sinus (26), frontal and maxillary sinus (5), or three paranasal sinuses (2) were included. All the included studies assessed height, length, width, and volume, respectively, and other additional parameters (area, perimeter) if wherever applicable. Frontal sinus had significantly higher values for males compared to females except for left height (LH) and left volume (LV). Maxillary sinus measurements were significantly higher in males contrasted to females except for LH. Sub-group analyses revealed that analyses involving the population had statistically significant results for all the measured parameters for both the sinuses (p < 0.05 and p = 0.00, respectively).Measurements obtained from assessing sinuses reveal that there are variations in size, among populations in different geographic regions. Hence, more studies with improved sample sizes and standardized measurement protocols should be carried out on different populations to see the diversity and their reliability.

Correlation Between Morphometric Parameters of Maxillary Sinus and Nasal Aperture as an Aid to Forensic Identification Using Cone Beam Ct: A Pilot Study

Purpose: Bone remodelling of the cranium determines the enlargement of the maxillary sinus. The process involves the resorption of the internal walls of the maxillary sinus minutely exceeding the growth of maxilla. During this process, there is bone deposition taking place at the medial border of the nasal cavity, and simultaneous resorption of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. There are very few studies which depict the correlation of the growth of the maxillary sinus with that of changes in the dimensions of the nasal aperture. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine, compare and correlate the three- dimensional morphometric parameters of the maxillary sinus and nasal aperture in Karnataka and Kerala population, to utilize the data for the purpose of individual identification, sexual dimorphism or any other application in the field of forensic facial reconstruction and /or human identification. Materials and Methodology: This pilot study has been carried out by morphometric measurements between the Craniometric landmarks of the maxillary sinus and nasal aperture of 30 subjects, aged between 18 to 30 years. Results: Morphometric parameters of maxillary sinus and nasal aperture were seen to be statistically significant in few groups on comparision which can be applies for sexual dimorphism. Conclusion: Maxillary sinuses have been reported to stay intact even though the skull and other bones of the cranium may be severely disfigured in victims who are incinerated or during external trauma. These morphometric measurements of maxillary sinus like the width, the depth, and the height which aid to investigate the accuracy and reliability of maxillary sinuses can also be used for sex estimation. These dimensions can be correlated with the measurements of the nasal aperture and this will also give an insight into the development of the cranium. These measurements are also important anthropometric parameters for classifying the race and sex of the individual whose identity is unknown.

Sexual Dimorphism of Maxillary Sinus: A Morphometric Analysis using Computed Tomography

Introduction: Gender determination is the important aspect of forensic science. Most of the bones used for sex determination are badly disfigured and found in incomplete state, thus bones recovered intact are used. Maxillary sinus being recovered intact can be used for gender determination by measuring maxillary sinus dimension through computed tomography (CT). The aim of this study was to assess sexual dimorphism using morphometric maxillary sinus measurements through CT scan. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study included CT scan images of 80 patients (40 males and 40 females). Maxillary sinus mediolateral (ML), superoinferior (SI), anteroposterior (AP) linear dimensions and volume were measured. All the measured parameters were then subjected to Student’s t-test to determine mean difference between males and females and discriminative statistical analysis to determine gender. Results: The mean value of maxillary sinus length, width, height and volume in males on both right and left sides were (3.80±0.175, 3.74±0.209) cm, (2.57±0.317, 2.51±0.295) cm, (3.55±0.338, 3.5±0.286) cm and (17.49±3.909, 16.54±3.274) cm3 respectively and in females (3.67±0.250, 3.64±0.256) cm, (2.37±0.297, 2.34±0.3222) cm, (3.29±0.280, 3.23±0.254) cm and (14.42±2.935, 13.81±2.779) cm3 respectively. The discriminative analysis showed that the accuracy of maxillary sinus measurements was 72.5% in females and 75% ofmales (overall accuracy = 73.8%). Conclusion: The maxillary sinus measurements are valuable guide for sex determination with relatively good accuracy rate.

Calvarial graft resorption index in the reconstruction of the maxillary sinus in patients with atrophic maxillas: a prospective clinical study

The objective of this study was to assess the resorption index of particulate calvarial grafts in maxillary sinuses of patients undergoing total reconstruction of an atrophic maxilla with residual alveolar bone that was less than, or equal to, 3mm thick. Twenty-one maxillary sinus floor elevations were carried out using particulate calvarial grafts in 11 individuals with totally edentulous maxillas. All patients had computed tomography (CT) before (T0), and 48hours (T1) and six months after surgery (T2). For each CT scan, linear measurements were taken of sections of the anterior, medial, and posterior regions of the maxillary sinus. There was a significant increase in the height of the maxillary sinus floor when T0 was compared with T1 (p=0.001). There was a statistically significant reduction in all maxillary sinus measurements when T1 was compared with T2; the mean height reduction being 2.36mm (16.87%) in the anterior region, 3.53mm (22.47%) in the medial region, and 2.21mm (22.78%) in the posterior region (p=0.001). Mean resorption was 20.7%. Autogenous calvarial bone used alone is an option for graft material in pneumatised maxillary sinuses and in cases where there is limited alveolar bone.

Three-dimensional analysis of the maxillary sinus for determining sex and age in human identification

• Anatomical structures are capable to determine sex in human identification. • Paranasal sinuses, in particular the maxillary sinus, is used for sex determination. • Cone bean computed tomography is considered as a new method in forensics. To evaluate whether the maxillary sinus (MS) may be used to determinate sex and age in a Brazilian population when using CBCT images. The CBCT scans of 420 individuals (228 females and 192 males) were retrospectively selected and linear measurements (height, width, length, inter-sinuses distance and maximum distance between sinuses) and volume calculation of both MS were performed. The sample was divided into two age groups: 18–40 years and >40 years. All data were submitted to descriptive (independent Student t test) and discriminant functional analysis to validate the expression of sexual dimorphism and age prediction in the metric parameters ( p < 0.05). All MS measurements were higher in males ( p < 0.001). No differences were found between right and left sides ( p > 0.05). The height of the right MS was the best individual sex discriminator (66.9%). When all parameters were combined, the overall accuracy rate of sex determination was 73.6%. For age, the youngest group showed higher measurements for height of both sinuses, left MS length and MS volume bilaterally ( p < 0.05). Only for inter-sinuses distance the values for the younger group were lower ( p < 0.001). This parameter was the best individual discriminator (63.1%), and when all parameters were combined, the overall accuracy rate of age determination was 67.6%. Measurements of MS in CBCT images can be applied in a complementary way in the identification of sex. For age prediction, the use of MS is less accurate.

How does bimaxillary orthognathic surgery change dimensions of maxillary sinuses and pharyngeal airway space?

To assess changes in the maxillary sinus (MS) and pharyngeal airway space (PAS) after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The CBCT scans of 48 patients were divided into two groups: group 1: maxillary advancement and mandibular setback (n = 24); group 2: maxillomandibular advancement (n = 24). The CBCTs were acquired 1 to 2 months preoperatively and 6 to 8 months postoperatively. A kappa test was used to determine intra- and interexaminer agreement. Area, volume, and linear measurements of MSs and PASs obtained before and after surgery were compared using a mixed model (P < .05). All variables of the MS showed significant postsurgical reductions in both groups, except the MS length, which showed a significant increase in group 2. Volume and minimum axial area of PAS showed statistically significant postsurgical increases in both groups (P < .05). Despite the reduction in the MS and the increase in the PAS, results indicated that the airway was not negatively affected after maxillomandibular advancement and maxillary advancement with mandibular setback.

Volumetric analysis of the cranial and nasal cavity from micro-computed tomography scans in the rabbit.

The aim of the study was to estimate the volume values of the cranial cavity and nasal cavity structures and to compare the efficiency of manual segmentation of three-dimensional reconstruction and Cavalieri's principle (CP) methodologies. Volume values of the cranial cavity, maxillary sinus (MS), dorsal conchal sinus (DCS), dorsal nasal meatus (DNM), middle nasal meatus (MNM), ventral nasal meatus (VNM), ventral nasal concha (VNC), middle nasal concha (MNC) and nasal vestibule (NV) were estimated with manual segmentation and CP from micro-computed tomography images in 5 male New Zealand white rabbits. Volume measurements and elapsed time were compared with each other. Three-dimensional reconstruction models of nasal and cranial cavity structures were created. There was a statistically significant difference between methods of the MS, DCS, DNM, MNM, VNM, VNC, and MNC volume measurements. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between the volumetric analysis time period of the methods and CP was found much shorter than manual segmentation. Realistic results were achieved in a short time with the CP among the stereology methods. It is thought that these image and quantitative data results can be used for modelling, toxicology and pathology studies such as acute and chronić rhinitis or rhino sinusitis as well as a good understanding of the relationship of the anatomical structures in the nasal cavity.

MAXILLARY SINUS ASSESSMENT FOR GENDER AND AGE DETERMINATION USING CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN AN EGYPTIAN SAMPLE

Introduction: Forensic anthropology is the application of the medical science in the criminal law. The identification of human skeletal remains is considered the first challenging and important step of unknown skull and very crucial for further analysis. In forensic medicine the adult skeleton gender determination is usually the first step of the identification process. Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images for gender and age determination through the evaluation of maxillary sinus linear measurements, the second aim to determine the prevalence of maxillary sinus septa and to detect the most common shape of maxillarysinus. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted in Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University. Retrospectively 82 CBCT scans of Egyptian patients aged 20-65 years were included in a cross-sectional study that was designed to measure three parameters (height, width and length) of maxillary sinus bilaterally in axial and coronal view using On-Demand® software. Moreover estimation of the prevalence of maxillary sinus septa and evaluation of maxillary sinus morphology was performed. Results: The studied sample showed statistically insignificant differences (p > 0.05) in maxillary sinus measurements between males and females and between maxillary sinus measurements according to age group. Sinus septa were present in 78 (47%) of the 164 maxillary sinuses, and according to the maxillary sinus morphology the main 3D shape was pyramidal shape in (upside down triangle) in 100% of the cases. Conclusions: linear measurements of maxillary sinus on the CBCT images cannot be used for gender or age determination.

Validity of maxillary sinus volumetric measurements using the 3D orthogonal cone beam computed tomography images versus direct skull volumetric measurements: An in vitro study

Introduction: the total volume of maxillary sinus is important for maxillofacial reconstruction, plastic surgeries and prosthetic rehabilitation. It is important to diagnose sinus hypoplasia secondary to craniofacial syndromes, sinus obliteration caused by infections or blood dyscrasis. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of CBCT volumetric measurements of maxillary sinus using the geometric rule of pyramid volume based on CBCT linear measurements versus real skull measurements.Materials and methods: fourteen skulls were scanned using Planmeca Promax 3D MID and the maxillary sinus pyramid height, length and width were measured in cm. The volume of 24 sinuses were calculated from pyramid volume (cm3) = 1/3 Height × Length × Width. The CBCT volumes and the reference standard were analyzed for error assessment using Dahelberg error and Relative Dahelberg Error.Results: 4.3- 4.7% was the error obtained from CBCT volumetric measurements using the rule of pyramid volume. 0.9 correlation was detected between the CBCT volume and the reference standard, between the observers and within the same observer.Conclusion: the geometric rule of pyramid volume based on CBCT linear measurements can be used to assess maxillary sinus volume.

Utility of the morphometry of the maxillary sinuses for gender determination by using computed tomography.

It is impossible to use the routine skeletal parts for gender identification if the skeleton of unknown human remains is obtained in a fragmented and incomplete state. The alternative is to use other parts of the skeleton for gender identification. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of the morphometry of the maxillary sinuses using computed tomography (CT) for gender determination. The study, approved by the institutional ethics committee, analyzed CT scans of 200 patients (100 males, 100 females). The measurement of the mediolateral (ML), superoinferior (SI) and anteroposterior (AP) dimensions, as well as of the volume and the antero-lateral (AL) angle of both the maxillary sinuses, was performed using a CT scan. Head circumference and head area were also measured on an axial image in order to evaluate the correlation between the sinus volume and the head circumference and head area. The mean of the mediolateral, superoinferior and anteroposterior dimensions, volume and AL angle of the right and left maxillary sinuses showed a statistically significant difference between males and females. Head circumference as well as head area were observed to be greater in males than in females, with a statistically significant difference. A positive correlation was observed between the volume of maxillary sinuses and the head circumference and head area on both sides and in both genders; however, it was not significant. Amongst all the parameters, the left AL angle with a 78.5% accuracy was found to be the best discriminative parameter, followed by the right AL angle with a 73% accuracy. The overall accuracy of the maxillary sinus parameters to identify gender was 86%. The maxillary sinus measurements, as well as head circumference and head area are valuable parameters for sex determination in forensic medicine, with a relatively good accuracy rate. However, the prediction rate can be increased by including the AL angle of the maxillary sinus.