Maxillary Jaw Research Articles

Analysis of literature about methods of maxillary expansion

INTRODUCTION. There is an analysis of the literature data on existing methods of maxillary expansion in this article. AIM. To analyze the published data about constriction of the upper jaw and treatment methods.MATERIALS AND METHODS. As part of this work, a bibliographic search was conducted in the following electronic databases: eLibrary, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The following keywords were used in the search: “narrowing of the upper jaw”, “expansion of the upper jaw”, “crowded position of teeth”, “palatal suture”, “devices for rapid palatal expansion”, “hybrid devices”, “orthodontic devices”. A manual method of searching for information was also applied. The analysis included articles mentioning information about the treatment of patients with constriction of the upper jaw.RESULTS. After reviewing and analyzing the articles, according to the criteria described earlier, several publications were identified that meet the inclusion criteria, among which a number were submitted by foreign authors.CONCLUSIONS. In the process of choosing a treatment method for a patient with a narrowing of the upper jaw, it is necessary to pay attention to the stage of maturation of the palatal suture when planning orthodontic treatment, as well as apply modern methods of maxillary expansion in practice, which have a less traumatic effect on the maxillary jaw. Analysis of literature has shown that the usage of hybrid devices based on miniimplants can reduce the negative effects leading to complications, however, in the course of our work, it was determined that for a more detailed consideration of this type of treatment, it is necessary to analyze a larger number of clinical cases and literature.

Comparison of gingival thickness by CBCT versus transgingival probing and estimation of cut-off values for gingival phenotype – A cross-sectional study in adults

Aim: Gingival phenotype (GP) is regarded as valuable indicators for forecasting the probability of attaining favourable aesthetic and functional results with orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy and reproducibility of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for assessing gingival thickness (GT) in both the arches compared to transgingival probing method. The secondary objective was to determine the optimal cut-off values for GT using CBCT.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted where GP was determined based on the probe transparency method (TRAN). The GT measurements were obtained by both the methods at 2 mm from the free gingival margin (FGM) for all teeth anterior to the first molar. The data was statistically analysed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland‒Altman plots, and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The statistical significance level was set at a p value<0.05.Results: The study included 60 subjects (1200 teeth). The mean GT in both the maxillary (1.14±0.17 mm) and mandibular (0.94±0.15 mm) arches was significantly greater (p<0.05) for the transgingival probing method than for the CBCT method. As shown in the Bland‒Altman plot, the bias between the two methods was greater in the maxillary jaw (0.060; 95% CI; 0.044 to 0.076) and in individuals with a thick GP (0.096; 95% CI; 0.082 to 0.109). The optimal values for GT measurements were 1.15 mm for the maxillary jaw, 1.02 mm for the mandibular jaw, 1.02 mm for males, and 1.09 mm for females.Conclusions: CBCT exhibited notable precision in diagnosing GT, while demonstrating minimal disparities compared to the conventional transgingival probing technique, particularly evident in thin GPs, and in the mandibular dental arch. The constraints associated with the utilization of CBCT were observed in the maxillary arch and in cases with thick GP.

Oral inoculation of Enterococcus faecalis, DNA quantification and histopathological evaluation of gingival, heart and kidney tissue samples in rats.

Enterococcus faecalis is known as common pathogen for endodontic infections and cause secondary and refractory pulp periapical periodontitis. The bacteria can opportunistically colonize periodontal pockets and presents a possibility of infection developing in other organs. This research will investigate the dissemination of E. faecalis from the gingival tissue to the heart and kidney. Three groups were formed, consisting of twelve male Sprague Dawley rats: a control group designated as 0-day, and experimental groups labeled as 7-days and 14-days. Periodontitis induced by concurrent infection with sterile wire 0.2 mm insertion and E. faecalis inoculation is performed into the gingival sulcus located between the maxillary right 1st and 2nd molar teeth area. After euthanasia, tissue samples around the maxillary gingiva, maxillary jaw samples, kidney and heart tissues were obtained for quantitative Real-Time PCR assay and histopathological analysis. Results showed at 7-days, there was an upregulation of E. faecalis gene expression in the gingiva, heart, and kidney samples as well as infiltration of the inflammatory cells at 7-days post induction, which consequently decreased at 14-days. Thus, the study suggests dissemination of E. faecalis from gingival tissue to the heart, kidney which could be probable link between periodontal disease, heart, and kidney disease.

Comparative evaluation of accuracy and stability of Orthodontic temporary anchorage device with and without the use of Mini-implant placement guiding device (MIG-20) in adults- An in vivo study

Mini implants have been researched extensively in terms of their efficiency, material used, and methods of accurate placement. When properly used,they might be a substitute method of anchorage preparation as compared toconventional molar anchorage and might reach alike or even superior results in certaincases.The present study aimed to evaluate and compare accuracy and stability of orthodontic temporary anchorage device with and without the use of Mini-implantplacement guiding device (MIG-20) in adults.Each patient underwent implant placement using both methods to have a similar oral environment for groups. Each case was treated in a split-mouth pattern to eliminateselection bias (to have the same baseline characteristics for both groups). Sideselection for that particular method was undertaken by using computer-generatedrandomization. So in all 2 groups were categorized. Mini-implant inserted by theconventional method (Control Group). Group II: Mini- Implant inserted by using MIG-20. Mini-implants were placed on both sides of the maxillary jaw between the 1 st molarand 2 nd premolar with the self-drilling manual method. Evaluation of clinical pictures, pre and post RVG and stability/mobility were done for each sample in both groupsusing AutoCAD software 2013.Out of 21 cases in Control group, it was observed that100% of cases in Control group had a vertically deviated mini-implant, which was statistically significant as compared to Study group, where 28.57% (6) cases demonstrated vertical deviation and 71.43 % (15) cases, where no deviation of miniimplantwas seen in vertical dimension when observed clinically. (p=0.0001, S). In71.43 % of cases, no significant variation was observed clinically in Study Group inmesiodistal dimension. (p=0.0001, S).The findings of the study substantiate the effectiveness of the 3-D Mini-Implant placement guide (MIG-20) when compared to the conventional method, inachieving a more accurate mesiodistal and vertical placement of mini implants.

Assessment of the Nasopalatine Canal Length and Shape Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Morphometric Study.

The anatomical position of the nasopalatine canal in the anterior maxilla makes it one of the most important vital structures in the region. Surgical and implant procedures in this area require local anesthesia to be administered. It is, therefore, important to morphologically assess the length and shape of the nasopalatine canal for performing surgical procedures with more accuracy in this area. Cone-Beam Computed tomography scans were scrutinized using inclusion criteria of age 18 years and above, absence of any pathological lesions/fracture/surgery in the nasopalatine area, absence of orthodontic treatment or maxillary jaw correction surgeries, and exclusion criteria including CBCT scans with artifacts or error s in the area of interest, anterior implants, absence of bone diseases, trauma, surgeries, and impactions in the area of interest. A total of 360 scans were analyzed for the length and shape of the nasopalatine canals. The results of the study showed that the mean nasopalatine canal length was 12.51 mm. The hourglass shape of the canal was most common and had the highest representation in both genders, with male 80.62% and female 87.01%. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was noted in nasopalatine canal length between males and females. The study provides insight into the significant association of gender with the canal's shape and length of the canal. The length of the canal does not influence with age. These parameters are helpful for surgical planning and interventions in the anterior maxillary region.

Simplified Flap Approximation Approach for Second-Stage Implant Surgery in The Maxillary Jaw

Aim: The current publication presents a simplified surgical approach that allows easy adaptation of a flap in the upper jaw in second stage surgery in dental implants. Methods: A detailed step-by-step description of the simplified flap approximation approach is detailed with a graphical illustration of the surgical principles of the approach. Also, two clinical cases of the method are presented. Results: The simplified flap approximation approach allows easy flap adaptation that promotes primary healing of soft tissue around implants. Discussion: The simplified flap approximation approach allows an easy-to-manage surgical flap that optimizes soft tissue healing around implants in the second stage of surgery.

MMP-7, RANKL mRNA expression in the gingival tissue correlates with periodontitis: An in vivo study

Introduction MMP-7 supports the immune response and can have both beneficial and destructive effects. As part of the innate host defense, MMP-7 is connected to the mucosal antimicrobial defense. Even though research on other Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) is well-established, understanding MMP-7 expression is required to establish an improved diagnostic strategy. This research investigates the mRNA expression of MMP-7 and RANKL by RT-qPCR assay. Methods and material Twelve male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated into three groups, no treatment, experimental (7 and 14 days). Periodontitis is induced by sterile wire insertion (0.2 mm) and Enterococcus faecalis inoculation within the gingival sulcus situated between the maxillary right 1st and 2nd molar tooth regions. Following euthanasia, tissue samples from the maxillary gingiva and maxillary jaw were extracted for quantitative real-time PCR assay and histopathological assessment. Results Results showed that at 7 days, there was significant upregulation of MMP-7, which was downregulated in 14 days, as well as migration of the junctional epithelium, attachment loss, inflammatory cells, and fibroblasts, as observed by histological analysis. Conclusions Thus, the study suggests that MMP-7 is associated with the progression of periodontitis.

Soft Tissue Response and Determination of Underlying Risk Drivers for Recession and Mucositis after AMSJI Implantation in the Maxilla.

To evaluate the soft tissue response to the placement of additively manufactured subperiosteal jaw implants (AMSJI) in the severely atrophic maxilla and to identify possible risk factors for soft tissue breakdown. An international multicenter study was conducted, and 15 men (mean age: 64.62 years; SD: ± 6.75) and 25 women (mean age: 65.24 years; SD: ± 6.77) with advanced maxillary jaw resorption (Cawood and Howell Class V or more) were included in this study. General patient data were collected, and all subjects were clinically examined. Inclusion criteria were patients who underwent bilateral AMSJI placement in the maxilla at least 1 year prior. Exclusion criteria were patients who did not have patient, surgeon, or dentist consent to participate in the study before their inclusion. A total of 40 patients were enrolled, with a mean follow-up period of 917 days (SD: ± 306.89 days). Primary implant stability was achieved postoperatively in all cases, and all implants were loaded with a final prosthesis. At the time of the study, only 1 patient showed mobility (> 1 mm) of the bilateral AMSJI. Due to mucosal recession, exposure of the framework was seen in 26 patients (65%) and was mainly in the left (21.43% of 26) and right (18.57% of 26) midlateral region. A thin biotype and the presence of mucositis were found to be risk factors (P < .05). Although not significant, smokers had a risk of developing a recession that was nearly seven times (odds ratio: 6.88; P = .08) greater than that of nonsmokers. Twenty-six (65%) patients presented with a recession in one (or more) of the seven regions after oral rehabilitation with bilateral AMSJI placement. Several risk drivers were evaluated. The collapse of soft tissues around the AMSJI that led to caudal exposure of the arms was correlated with a thin biotype and the presence of mucositis.

Odontogenıc Keratocyst: A Case Report

Odontogenic keratocyst was first mentioned in the literature by Mikulicz in 1876, and described by Philipsen in 1956. These cysts are developmental odontogenic cysts arising from dental laminate remnants. Generally, these cysts can be seen in the second or third decade of life, in both mandibular and maxillary jaws; but most often they are localized in the mandibular jaw. A 23-year-old male patient who came to our clinic complaining of swelling in the lower jaw and did not have a systemic disease had a radiolucent lesion measuring about 4 * 2 cm in the mandible and lateral tooth area in the maxilla. Enucleation of radiolucent lesions which are localized in maxillary and mandibular jaws was performed. Both lesions were sent to the pathology laboratory for detailed examination. Extraction of the impacted right mandibular canine was made. According to the pathology report, a diagnosis of odontogenic keratocyst was made to both lesions. In this case keratocysts were seen as multiocular, and it was suspected that there could be Gorlin Goltz syndrome. According to the medical genetic report of the patient, who does not have any systemic diseases, Multilocular Odontogenic Keratocysts could not be associated with Gorlin Goltz syndrome.

All-on-4 Implants Supported Prosthesis with a Digitalized Approach: A Case Report of Maxillary Jaw Rehabilitation with a Temporary Prosthesis

In modern times, patients have a preference for fast treatment options and fixed restorations, particularly when compared to older patients. The field of fixed reconstructions on implants has witnessed significant advancements, providing a diverse array of treatment options for various situations. However, despite the numerous aesthetic and functional benefits, there is currently a lack of well-defined clinical guidelines regarding the ideal number of implants, loading type, and reconstruction methods. Although there are some existing recommendations, it is crucial to consider the influence of micro/macroscopic factors when determining treatment plans and surgical approaches for each unique case. In this specific case report, we describe the rehabilitation of the upper jaw of a 36-year-old patient. The treatment plan was devised with the objective of not only addressing the patient's immediate needs but also considering potential future requirements in the lower jaw. Special attention was given to the patient's existing dentition and possible risk factors. Furthermore, the plan included the utilization of a 3Shape intraoral scanner (Trios 3) device to digitally capture the impression phase. Additionally, careful consideration was given to the patient's current dentition and possible risk factors. Despite the widespread use of intraoral scanners in dental practice, their role remains somewhat limited due to insufficient significant results and the uncertainty that may arise when using them during surgical procedures. However, in this specific case report, the Trios 3Shape scanner showcased a high level of accuracy, resulting in streamlined workflow and reduced work time. Overall, the outcomes were satisfactory for both the patient and the dental team involved.

A surgical management of melanotic prognoma tumor of Infancy – A case report

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumors (MNTI) also known as retinal anlage tumor and melanotic progonoma is highly aggressive lesion found in children within 6 months of age. It is a relatively rare pathology and is also rare to metastasise. MNTI can be seen in various locations within the oral cavity, the most common being maxillary jaw. Presently advent technology of has enabled us to utilise various different modalities ranging from radical excision, incomplete resection to chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is preferred in cases of contraindication of surgical approaches. The results regarding each approach can be mixed, successful tumour regression or complete failure. The present article focuses on successful subtotal excision of MNTI in a one year old infant.

Biphosphonate Related Osteonecrosis of the Maxilla: a Case Report

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a condition that occurs in the presence of exposed and necrotic bone in the maxillofacial region for more than 8 weeks in patients treated with antiangiogenic or antiresorptive drugs without a history of radiotherapy. This case report aims to present the management of maxillary jaw osteonecrosis caused by tooth extraction in a patient using IV (intravenous) bisphosphonates following surgical removal of the necrotic lesion supported with the use of oral pentoxifylline and alpha tocopherol. An 80-year-old female patient has been using IV bisphosphonates (zoledronic acid, ibandronic acid, alendronate sodium) regularly for osteoporosis diagnosed in 2011. The patient applied to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of Akdeniz University Faculty of Dentistry in 2021 due to osteonecrosis in the left maxilla, which developed after extraction of tooth number 23 at a different center. Pentoxifylline and alpha tocopherol treatment was started and continued for 2 months preoperatively. Following the use of the drug, extensive resection including areas of necrosis was performed and improvement together with resolution of symptoms were observed. Medical treatment with Pentoxifylline and alpha tocopherol is an effective supportive option for the management of maxillary MRONJ.

Prevalence of Caries with its Distribution by Age &amp; Gender in Institutional Clinical Patients

Introduction: Consequence of dental caries is loose of healthy tooth structure which impacts negatively on aesthetics, function, self-esteem and quality of life of the patients. Different age groups and populations exhibit distinct caries prevalence rates, observations of which could provide a useful descriptive measure of caries susceptibility in tooth surfaces. Materials and Methods: In this study, patients attending the Department of Conservative Dentistry &amp; Endodontics of Dhaka Dental College &amp; Hospital, located in Mirpur-14 and Department of Conservative Dentistry &amp; Endodontics of Sapporo Dental College &amp; Hospital, located in Abdullahpur (North Dhaka City), Bangladesh, were examined between 2017 and 2019. The location of dental caries on the teeth surfaces was recorded as following surface: Occlusal , Mesio-occlusal, Disto-occlusal, Proximal and Cervical for statistical evaluation and comparison. Furthermore, the age and gender of the patients were recorded on the chart for each caries tooth. Result: Female had higher incidence 86 (57%) of caries than males 64 (43%). Caries distribution was common in the maxillary jaw (53.38%) than in the mandibular jaw (46.62%). Among our study patient occlusoal surface caries was most commonly observed (43.4%). Then, the proximal surface caries was seen in 28.3% cases. Overall 71.7% prevalence of caries was in occlusal and proximal area. Where, prevalence of proximal and cervical surface caries was higher in maxillary tooth (18.9% and 4.82%) than mandibular tooth (9.3% and 2.6%) respectively. Conclusion: Female are more prevalent to dental caries than male. Occlusoal surface caries is most commonly observed, then, the proximal surface caries are commonly seen. Occlusal surface caries is more common in mandibular tooth than maxillary. Where, proximal and cervical surface caries was higher in maxillary tooth. Medicine Today 2023 Vol.35(2): 78-82

SINGLE COMPLETE DENTURE WITH THE INCORPORATION OF A DENTURE TITANIUM MESH INTO THE DENTURE BASE AND METAL OCCLUSAL STOPS: A CLINICAL REPORT

The single complete denture is a complex prosthetic treatment that necessitates a comprehensive understanding of prosthetic rehabilitation for the loss of natural dentition. One of the main challenges encountered during the provision of successful single complete denture treatment is the repeated fracture of the prosthesis. To address this issue, incorporating denture titanium mesh into the denture base is proposed as an ideal solution to strengthen the prosthesis. Another common problem is the wearing off of acrylic denture teeth when opposing natural dentition. To mitigate this issue, the use of metal occlusal stops in the single complete denture is recommended. This clinical report presents a case of successful rehabilitation of an edentulous maxillary ridge using denture titanium mesh incorporated into the heat-cure acrylic denture base material, along with metal occlusal stops in a patient with an edentulous maxillary jaw.

Prevalence Of Second Mesiobuccal Canal In Maxillary Second Molars On The Basis Of Clinical And Radiographic Parameters.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of the second mesiobuccal canal in permanent maxillary second molar in patients presenting to Peshawar Dental College and Hospital. One hundred and twenty patients advised for root canal treatment in the maxillary second molars participated in the study. Two detection procedures, clinical and radio graphical examination were used. Two pre-operative radiographs with different angulations and one post-operative radiograph were taken to examine roots and root canals. Access cavities were prepared and the second mesiobuccal canal was explored using magnifying dental loupes (3.5 x), endodontic explorer (DG16) and size 10 K-file. Descriptive statistics were recorded as percentages, frequencies and mean. The chi-square test was used for gender, age-wise comparison and right and left side of the maxillary jaw. One hundred and twenty patients were recruited in the study. There were 65 (54.2%) males and 55 (45.8%) females. The second mesiobuccal canal was more common in males compared to females (p-value=0.434). The second mesiobuccal canal was most commonly found in 3rd decade with mean age, of 40.5±12.31, (p-value =0.51). The frequencies and percentages of the second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary second molars on the right and left side of the jaw were 70 (58.3%) and 50 (41.7%) respectively (p-value =0.310). The second mesiobuccal canal was found in less than half of the second molars. The most successful method of detection in this study was both clinical and radiographic.

Exploring the Antibacterial Potential of Konjac Glucomannan in Periodontitis: Animal and In Vitro Studies.

Background and Objectives: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease in the supporting tissues of the teeth caused by specific microorganisms or groups of microorganisms. P. gingivalis bacterium is the keystone pathogen in periodontitis, so even at low concentrations, it has a considerable influence on the oral community. Antimicrobials and antiplaque agents can be used as adjunctive therapy for periodontitis treatment. Konjac glucomannan (KGM), as a natural polysaccharide, has flavonoid (3,5-diacetyltambulin) and triterpenoids (ambylon) compounds that show antibacterial activity. This research aims to analyze the antibacterial activity of KGM on animal and in vitro periodontitis models. Materials and Methods: The animal study divided 48 mice into four groups (control, KGM, periodontitis, KGM + periodontitis). Mice were given an intervention substance by oral gavage from day 1 to day 14, periodontitis was induced on day 7, and decapitation was performed on day 14. Samples from the right maxillary jaw of mice were used for histological preparations and morphometrics analysis. In vitro studies were carried out by adding several concentrations of KGM (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) into a planktonic P. gingivalis and P. gingivalis biofilm. Results: In the animal model, KGM could prevent alveolar bone loss in the periodontitis mice model, both in histologic and morphometrics assessments. In vitro, KGM had antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis with better bacteriostatic (15-23%) than bactericidal (11-20%) ability, proven by its ability to inhibit P. gingivalis proliferation. Conclusions: KGM can be considered to have the potential as an antibacterial agent to prevent periodontitis. The prevention of periodontitis may improve patient well-being and human quality of life.

Risk factors for orthodontic fixed retention failure: A retrospective controlled study.

: To investigate the potential correlation between fixed orthodontic retention failure and several patient- and treatment-related factors. : Patients finishing treatment with fixed appliances between 2016 and 2017 were retrospectively included in this study. Those not showing fixed retention failure were considered as control group. Patients with fixed retention failure were considered as the experimental group. Additionally, patients with failure of fixed retainers in the period of June 2019 to March 2021 were prospectively identified and included in the experimental group. The location of the first retention failure, sex, pretreatment dental occlusion, facial characteristics, posttreatment dental occlusion, treatment approach and presence of oral habits were compared between groups before and after treatment separately by using a Fisher exact test and a Mann-Whitney U test. : 206 patients with fixed retention failure were included, 169 in the mandibular and 74 in the maxillary jaws. Significant correlations were observed between retention failure in the mandibular jaws and mandibular arch length discrepancy (P = 0.010), post-treatment growth pattern (P = 0.041), nail biting (P < 0.001) and abnormal tongue function (P = 0.002). Retention failure in the maxillary jaws was more frequent in patients with IPR in the mandibular jaws (P = 0.005) and abnormal tongue function (P = 0.021). : This study suggests a correlation between fixed retention failure and parafunctional habits, such as nail biting and abnormal tongue function. Prospective studies with larger study populations could further confirm these results.

Survival Rate of Dental Implants in the Irradiated Jaw Bones of Patients with Oral and Head &amp;amp; Neck Malignancies

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze and report the survival rate of dental implants in patients who underwent radiation therapy for head and neck malignancies. Materials and Methods: A total of 23 patients (male:female ratio = 13:10; mean age 61 years, range, 44–86 years) who underwent dental implant placement after radiation therapy between 2010 and 2020 were enrolled in this study. The cumulative survival rate (CSR) was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method, considering variables such as the location of the dental implant, radiation dose, and types of cancers that patients had. Implant placement was considered successful if it showed no mobility, did not cause pain or bleeding, or a minimal marginal bone level change at follow-up.Results: There were two cases of death during the follow-up period. Seven of the 83 implants failed. Among the seven failure cases, four implants were applied in the posterior mandibular area, one in the anterior mandibular area, and two in the posterior maxillary area. When each variable was considered, the CSR of the implant was 91.6%. The correlation between CSR, implant location, and the types of cancer was statistically significant. However, there was no correlation between the CSR and average radiation dose.Conclusion: The survival of implants in the irradiated area of the jaw was lower than that in the normal jawbone. The survival rate of the implants in the irradiated maxillary jaw was lower than that of the implants in the mandible. Additionally, the radiation dose was not significantly correlated with implant failure rate. Also, when compared between patients who had oral cavity cancer and other head and neck cancers, implant survival in patients with oral cavity cancer was lower than that in patients with other head and neck cancers.

Evaluation of the quality and reliability of internet information on fissure sealants using JAMA benchmark and HONcode seal

Background: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the distribution of root canal treatment (RCT) procedures performed on first permanent molars according to age, sex, mandible, maxilla, right jaw, and left jaw in a group of children.Methods: The records of RCT of a total of 6286 first permanent molar teeth of 5432 patients aged 8-16 years who visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Turkey from 2013 to 2018 were examined. Moreover, parameters such as age, gender, lower jaw, upper jaw, right jaw, and left jaw were evaluated. Frequency analysis and Pearson correlation test were used for statistical analysis and the level of significance was set at P<0.05.Results: The results of this study indicated that most of the boys (31.97%) received RCT of the lower left first molar tooth and most of the girls (34.21%) received RCT of the lower right first molar tooth. The tooth most receiving RCT was the mandibular right first permanent molar (33.09%). The tooth least receiving RCT was the maxillary right first permanent molar tooth (16.59%). In general, RCT was performed on the maxillary jaw less than on the mandibular.Conclusion: RCT of first permanent molars showed variability according to age and position of jaws. RCT was performed more on the mandibular jaw than on the maxillary. It was observed that the incidence of RCT generally increased with age.

Prefabricated Trays Stock for Impression of Cleft lip and Palate Orthopedic Appliances: A Three-Dimensional Computational Analysis of Maxillary Jaws.

This study aimed to propose digitally designed impression trays, for newborns with cleft lip and palate (CLP) defects, using the computer-assisted design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technique, based on measurements of width, length, and height made on processed and scanned plaster models. Thus, we will describe the different software and concepts that can be used for the design of these impression trays. A total of 59 plaster casts of newborn patients with CLP were collected and then scanned. After that, digital dental casts were three-dimensional (3D) evaluated, using precise anatomical landmarks. The Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Team at the Dental consultation and treatment center in Rabat, Morocco. The study involved plaster casts of newborns with CLP, who had undergone presurgical neonatal treatment in the Maxillofacial Prosthodontics service in Rabat, Morocco. None. 3D evaluation of 59 scanned plaster casts of newborn patients with CLP. This work allowed us to obtain digital impression trays for each anatomical variation of orofacial clefts. These trays will limit the problems linked to conventional techniques for making neonatal orthopedic plates. We also emphasized the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving several professionals in Morocco from various fields and specialties. This original technique is advantageous for the practitioner as well as for the patients and their parents. It allows for precise recording, better adaptation, time-saving, and parental comfort.