Maxillary Cavities Research Articles

A Case of Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis in a Late Neanderthal Population of the Altai Mountains

We describe a likely case of chronic maxillary sinusitis (CMS) in a Neanderthal skeletal sample from Chagyrskaya Cave, in the Altai Mountains. Signs of CMS were recorded in the Chagyrskaya 57 specimen, which is a fragment of a left maxilla. Alveoli of the upper fi rst molar are partially preserved, and so are the second and third upper molars, with adjacent parts of the walls, and the fl oor of the maxillary sinus. The fragment was found in layer 6b, dating to 53,100–51,100 BP. We analyze the factors that had caused the development of the disease, and assess its etiology. In the 3D-model, generated by computed microtomography, and in the original specimen, porotic changes were registered, situated at the fracture line of the alveoli of M1, lost post-mortem, and near the vestibular roots of both preserved molars. Also, there were isolated bone spicules, 1.0–2.6 mm in size. These signs indicate incipient CMS, evidently caused by chronic periodontal disease combined with a deep alveolar recess of the maxillary sinus. As the periodontal gap expanded, several small nutrient foramina, piercing the bottom of the sinus, merged. As a result, several oro-antral channels formed, whereupon the infection spread into the maxillary sinus. Since the deep alveolar recess is observed in the vast majority of Neanderthal crania with published images or reconstructed maxillary cavities, it can be assumed that Neanderthals were predisposed to odontogenic CMS.

Sheep Bot Fly Oestrus ovis Linnaeus (1761) (Insecta: Diptera: Oestridae)

The sheep bot fly, Oestrus ovis, is an obligate parasite found all over the world. It cannot complete its life cycle without parasitizing the nasal passages, frontal and maxillary cavities, and sinuses of sheep. Unlike other flies, females do not lay eggs, instead depositing droplets containing live larvae into the nostrils of sheep. This 4-page fact sheet written by Hannah A. Sholar and Jennifer L. Gillett-Kaufman and published by the UF/IFAS Entomology and Nematology Department describes the life cycle of the pest and its veterinary significance and management. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1267

ВЛИЯНИЕ АДЕНОТОМИИ НА ТЕЧЕНИЕ ВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕССА В ВЕРХНЕЧЕЛЮСТНЫХ ПАЗУХАХ

Objective: To determine the influence of adenotomy on the course of the inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses in children. Methods: During the three-year period, examined 162 patients with the chronic inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses. Hypertrophy of the tonsils (nasopharyngeal, palatine), chronic tonsillitis was observed in these patients. All patients underwent general clinical, otorhinolaryngological, and radiological methods of investigation. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated clinically immediately after a week and after three months. Results: After surgical treatment, the condition of the children improved, they were discharged in a satisfactory condition. After three months, 87.7% of the patients underwent a full recovery: the suppuration from the nose stopped, nasal breathing was restored, and headaches stopped. In 3.7%, despite the treatment, catarrhal rhinitis periodically occurred, the radiological process in the sinuses was absent. And in 8.6% of the improvement of the condition was not observed either clinically or radiographically, that, apparently, was due to the reduction of the immune forces of the body. After these surgical procedures, puncture and catheterization of the maxillary sinus and daily rinsing were carried out to these patients, which contributed to the subsequent stable remission. Conclusion: Changes in the maxillary cavities in children suffering from adenoid tumours occur quite often. The timely removal of adenoid cavities is of great prophylactic value since it prevents the development of the inflammatory process in the maxillary cavities. If the adenotomy does not give effect, the puncture of a maxillary sinus with the subsequent conservative treatment is necessary. If this does not lead to recovery, then the operation on the maxillary sinus is indicated. Keywords: Adenoids, Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring, antritis.

Earlier Diagnose of Sinusitis in Frontal and Maxillary Cavities Using Near Infrared Radiations

Earlier Diagnose of Sinusitis in Frontal and Maxillary Cavities Using Near Infrared Radiations

The first finding of a rhinoceros of the Genus Stephanorhinus in Arctic Asia.

The first skull of a rhinoceros of the genus Stephanorhinus has been found above the Arctic Circle on the middle Chondon River (Yakutia, Russia). This is the northernmost finding that extends significantly the genus range and provides additional information about the diet and environment of a genus representative. Plant remnants from the maxillary tooth cavities were identified as belonging to trees (Larix, Betula), shrubs (Ericaceae), mosses (Aulacomnium sp., Polytrichum sp.), herbs (Dicotyledones) and grasses (Poaceae), but not to sedges (Cyperaceae). The pattern of attrition of teeth and marks on the chewing surface enamel indicate diverse nourishment. Chondon rhinoceros lived in under Arctic-like climatic conditions, with rather limited food resources.

A new method to create experimental model of noninvasive fungal sinusitis in rabbits

Objective To investigate a new method for creating experimental model of noninvasive fungal sinusitis in rabbits.Methods Twenty-five New Zealand white rabbits(50 sides)were divided into seven groups: control group(n=6 sides),sham-operation group(n=6 sides),mucosal-scratched group(n=6 sides),ostia-blocked group(n=6 sides), Aspergillus fumigatus inoculated group(n=8 sides),mucosal-scratched plus Aspergillus fumigatus inoculated group(n=9 sides),and ostia-blocked plus Aspergillus fumigatus inoculated group(n=9 sides).The experiment was divided according to whether the maxillary sinus mucosa was wounded or not and whether the natural ostia were blocked or not.On days 14 and 28 after Aspergillus fumigatus inoculation,histopathologic and mycological examinations of both maxillary cavities and mucous membrane were performed to confirm the establishment of the model.Results Aspergillus fumigatus plus ostial obstruction group had a positive rate of 88.9%(8/9 sides) on day 14 and 77.8%(7/9 sides) on day 28 in fungal culture.Aspergillus fumigatus plus mucosa wound yielded a positive rate of 44.4%(4/9 sides) on day 14 and 22.2%(2/9 sides) on day 28.Conclusion Aspergillus fumigatus inoculation combined with an blocked ostium can be used to establish experimental model of noninvasive maxillary fungal sinusitis.

Resurfacing the nasomaxillary cavity for management of epistaxis in Osler–Rendu–Weber disease

Recurrent massive epistaxes due to heriditary haemorrhagic telangectasia were managed in two patients by ablation of the mucosa of the nasal and maxillary cavities and resurfacing with radial forearm fasciocutaneous free flaps. Both patients had undergone multiple procedures attempting to control the epistaxes prior to the definitive procedures described. Both patients remained epistaxis free postoperatively and retained their nasal airways. Olfactory function was preserved in the second patient due to preservation of the superior turbinate and cribriform olfactory mucosa.

Resurfacing the nasomaxillary cavity for management of epistaxis in Osler–Rendu–Weber disease

Recurrent massive epistaxes due to heriditary haemorrhagic telangectasia were managed in two patients by ablation of the mucosa of the nasal and maxillary cavities and resurfacing with radial forearm fasciocutaneous free flaps. Both patients had undergone multiple procedures attempting to control the epistaxes prior to the definitive procedures described. Both patients remained epistaxis free postoperatively and retained their nasal airways. Olfactory function was preserved in the second patient due to preservation of the superior turbinate and cribriform olfactory mucosa.

Experimental Model of Fungal Sinusitis: A Pilot Study in Rabbits

We have established an experimental model of fungal sinusitis in rabbits to analyze the chronology and the pathogenesis of the development of noninvasive fungal sinusitis due to Aspergillus fumigatus. Thirty-four Pasteurella-free New Zealand white rabbits divided into three groups were included in this study. In the first group (10 rabbits), A fumigatus was inoculated into the maxillary sinus. In the second group (10 rabbits), A fumigatus was inoculated into the maxillary sinus in the presence of a wound in the mucosa. In the third group (14 rabbits), A fumigatus was inoculated into the maxillary sinus in the presence of a blocked ostium. On days 15 and 30, endoscopic, histopathologic, bacterial, and mycological examinations of both maxillary cavities and mucous membrane were performed. The rabbits were painlessly sacrificed 30 days after inoculation; mucosal and bone biopsies of the maxillary sinus cavities were performed for histopathologic studies. We found that noninvasive fungal sinusitis had been induced in 2 rabbits of the second group and 8 rabbits of the third group. We conclude that introduction of fungi into a sinus with a blocked ostium induces fungal sinusitis. The present model of experimental fungal sinusitis seems to be reproducible and suitable for further studies of the development of fungal sinusitis.