Maturity Of Society Research Articles

Дерзость знать, или Евангелие от Канта

In the course of a close analysis of Kant’s essay in which he gives his original answer to the question, “What is Enlightenment?” I examine the causes and consequences of the theses about Enlightenment which makes a plea for emancipation from the shackles of guardianship, above all by getting rid of one’s own cowardice. In search of an answer to the question, “What is the real reason of self-incurred immaturity?” I consider the bifurcation: Is it all about unjust social institutions established in the interests of the ruling social estates, as the best European brains contended throughout the Enlightenment era, thus anticipating and justifying revolutionary upheavals, or is it within ourselves who have refused to use our reason independently and regularly? — something which Kant unequivocally considers to be everyone’s special kind of guilt. Following Kant, I look for an answer to the question, “Which limits impede Enlightenment, and which limits, far from obstructing it, are bound to promote it?” and reveal the hidden paradox of the Kantian solution: maturity has to be preceded by the granting of freedoms; and the granting of freedoms in turn calls for a mature public. I also ask the question, “Whose yoke is heavier, one’s own or the guardian’s?” and offer my version of an answer. In conclusion, I assemble all parts of the complicated and original formula of the Kantian recipe of Enlightenment. Among other things, I reveal a special type of bonding within the social organism implied by Kant, and that is the requirement to obey those who are not above us in thinking and the right to speak out in public, which ultimately means not only personal maturity, but implies also the maturity of society’s functioning in accordance with the said maxim.

Theoretical aspects of the state and local self- government authorities’ relations

The article investigates the theoretical and practical aspects of the main parameters of state and self-government structures, its interaction in the process of formation and development of the state, its separation from society. The authors make a general description of the state, local government, social sphere. Attention is paid to the issues of relations between local self-government and institutions of the state, society, institutions of human and citizen’ rights and freedoms. The objective factors of the relationship between the state and self-government principles are considered, including the degree of socio-economic maturity of society, the ratio and arrangement of social groups. An attempt to determine the role of the individual in the implementation of the harmonization of human and citizen rights and freedoms with the interests of the state and society has been made there.

Soviet Musical Avant-Garde in the Context of Time (in the mid. 1950s – 1980s): Historical and Cultural Studies and Philosophical Aspects

Introduction. Interest in the work of avant-garde artists does not wane as they move away from the 20th century. This is due to the fact that the musical avant-garde, becoming a sign of the time, reflected the most important trends of the outgoing era. In the paper, the Soviet musical avant-garde is considered in the historical, cultural and philosophical aspect in the context of the historical era, which determines the novelty of the study. An aspect of novelty is the analysis of music as a sphere of intercultural communication.Methodology and sources. The research methodology is based on the analysis of sources and literature, taking into account interdisciplinary approaches. A special role in the understanding of the theoretical aspects of the problem play the work of musicologists Yu. N. Kholopova, V. N. Kholopova, V. S. Price, R. L. Pospelova, A. I. Demchenko. Among the sources highlighted in cinema, photo- and phonodocuments, which depicts a vivid image of the era. The interviews with composers, which presents a wide canvas of social and musical life (A. Schnittke, A. Ivashkina entry and volkonskii, recording E. Dubinets) are of considerable interest. Historical, comparative, systematic and semiotic methods of analysis were used. Applies a comprehensive approach (formation and civilization methods of research and the Annales school). This allows for a new approach to the historical era of the middle1950s – 1980s.Results and discussion. Postwar culture is examined as a single space, in which a special role was played by the impulses of the “thaw”. They gave cultural phenomena such inertial dynamics, which preserves the spiritual maturity of society and produced changes of the 1990s, the results of the study show that in contrast to the political and socio-economic processes, cultural life in these years continued to feel the pulses of the “thaw”. Retaining the inertial dynamics of development, cultural processes have been far from stagnation, which casts doubt on the overall rating this time as the “era of stagnation”. This allows you to put a discussion question on the revision of the political clichés in relation to the period of the middle 1960s – 1980s in the Soviet Union as the “era of stagnation”.Conclusion. Soviet avant-garde, expressing the spirit of the time, represents the unique phenomenon in which reflected global trends, and the uniqueness of national culture. Experience avant-garde shows that cultural processes of the epoch middle 1950s – 1980s had a high development dynamics. The study of this period, especially in its spiritual sphere, requires interdisciplinary approaches and the use of modern, including foreign methods. Interest methods of the Annales school in its historical retrospect and the “new cultural history”.

НАУКОВЕ ОСМИСЛЕННЯ І ПРАКТИЧНЕ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ПОНЯТТЯ «ФУНКЦІЯ» В ПУБЛІЧНОМУ УПРАВЛІННІ

The relevance of a question of redistribution of obligations of the state on accomplishment of social and economic tasks leads both to revision of its functions, and to delegation of some of them to the public sector. Current trends of development of society lead to change of views of such classical category as "function". In article scientific approaches to determination of the concept "functions" as categories of management of modern scientists and founders of managerial science who studied the theory and the history of management during the different periods are investigated. The author in details analysed essence and characteristic of the term "function" and "functionality" in the context of the public and branch management and also the emphasis on various forms of their treatments is placed. On the basis of the analysis of a large number of determinations and formulations of this category, own determination of functions of public administration in the social and economic sphere of Ukraine is formulated. The list of the main functions of the state which accomplishment influence forming and development of modern Ukrainian society is specified. Separately also separation into the general and support functions of public administration is specified, their contents is analysed. In the course of the research are formulated and opened own understanding of the concept "function" of various spheres of management. In article it is assumed that function of observation it is better than the state performs society in the desire to aspiration of justice. Refining of function of observation, as such following from control and the analysis is also offered. It is noted if management has such purpose as personnel filling and resource providing, then functions have to be guided accurately from these requirements. Analyzing a question of functions of public administration, the author noted that consideration of problems of the social and economic sphere demands special functionality which in turn has to be modernized according to market requirements and a maturity of society.

大阪大学工学研究科機械工学専攻における「統合デザイン力教育プログラム」の取組

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University is now developing “Graduate Education Program of Design and Integration Capability” under the MEXT's scheme entitled “Initiatives for Attractive Education in Graduate Schools”. Maturation of society and life, globalization of manufacturing industry, latest demands of human's welfare have changed the meaning of design from functional ensureance to value creation. This requests graduate education of mechanical engineering to turn its definition over both synthesis and analysis and to learning and communication capabilities beyond knowledge itself. With recognizing such a background, the program aims to reform the education curriculum of mechanical engineering by introducing a product design subject which integrates design methodology education and project-based learning over industry- sponsored design problems, several graduate-level fundamental subjects, and the depth area system in which elective subjects are categorized into several areas based on their specialty. This paper describes the objectives, undertakings, promises, etc. of the program.

TQM in the service sector

Underlines the dominance of the service sector in the future global economy and explains the characteristic features and elements of a service organization. Explains that with the growing maturity of society with respect to education, culture and standards of living, the user expectations and demands for improved quality of service are increasing. This is part of the pressure causing service organizations to explore total quality management (TQM) as a means of driving quality improvement into all their activities. Outlines a framework for implementing TQM within the service sector.

The Maturation of Society and Labor-Management Relations

Among many topics of discussion dealing with Japan's labor-management relations that have been taken up during the years from the Oil Shock in 1973 to the present, the following three received a great deal of attention, namely, (1) how the deceleration of economic growth would affect them; (2) how workers' participation in management would affect them; and (3) how aging and more-educated labor would affect them. The third topic has attracted the most attention in the last year or two.