Maturity In Adults Research Articles

Social maturity scores in adults with Down syndrome. Characteristics at the onset of Alzheimer's disease and changes by age group

Age-specific characteristics and annual changes of social maturity in adults with Down syndrome (DS) were retrospectively investigated. Forty-six individuals aged 15-58 years were enrolled. Social age (SA) in all domains and subdomains was assessed using the revised S-M social maturity test. Thirty-four cases were evaluated for SA changes over time at 1 year. The SA of adult DS tended to be lower in those under 20 and over 42 years of age. The SA of adults with DS was lowest in the Socialization domain, and this trend was generally common across all age groups. The annual decline of SA was more prominent in the DS-AD group than in the non-DS-AD group. Annual decline of SA in the communication domain had the same discriminative power as that in the whole domains in the discrimination of DS-AD from non-DS-AD. These results are expected to contribute to the development of clinical diagnostic methods for DS-AD in the future.

Impulsivity, Digital Maturity, and Morality of Pakistani TikTok Users

TikTok, a popular social media network, has gained an immense worldwide following because of its entertaining short video format. The main aim of this study was to understand the dynamic association between the variables TikTok addiction, impulsivity, digital maturity, and morality in young adults. For this purpose, a quantitative study with a correlational research design was adopted. Purposive sampling was used to select 423 TikTok users from private universities, with 209 males and 214 females included. The data was collected through the TikTok Addiction Scale, which has been adapted from the Social Media Addiction Scale (Sahin, 2018), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (Barratt et al., 1995), the multidimensional Digital Maturity Inventory (Laaber et al., 2023), and the Moral Character Questionnaire (Furr et al., 2022). The results showed a strong significant positive relationship between TikTok addiction and impulsivity, but significant negative correlation with digital maturity and morality. Impulsivity had a strong significant negative relationship with digital maturity and morality, whereas digital maturity had a strong positive relationship with morality. The results of this study can be helpful in raising awareness about the adverse effects of TikTok addiction and in promoting digital literacy through workshops or seminars.

Emotional maturity, trust and forgiveness in relation to psychological well-being among adults

The purpose of this research was to discover how psychological well-being influences emotional maturity, trust and forgiveness in adults. Adults between the ages of 18 and 40 were recruited for the research. The study's overall sample included 100 people from Kerala's Malappuram District. Psychological well-being is a multi-faceted concept that refers to people's ability to successfully carry out psychological activities. Adults who can forgive others for hurting their sentiments might have a positive psychological influence. Trust is needed to balance every relationship thereby promoting psychological well-being. Individuals who have acquired emotional maturity have the capacity to manage their emotions, think rationally, comprehend themselves, and express emotions when and when they are appropriate. Results showed that emotional maturity and forgiveness and trust are needed to foster psychological well-being among adults. Gender disparities in psychological well-being, emotional maturity, forgiveness, and trust were also discovered in the study.

Age-associated variation in the gut microbiota of chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) reveals differences in food metabolism.

Age is known to affect the gut microbiota in various animals; however, this relationship is poorly understood in seabirds. We investigated the temporal succession of gut microbiota in captive chinstrap penguins of different ages using high‐throughput sequencing. The gut microbiota exhibited a significant age succession pattern, reaching maturity in adults and then declining with increasing age. Only 15 amplicon sequence variants were shared among the gut microbiota in chinstrap penguins at all studied ages, and these contributed to most of the age‐related variations in total gut microbiota. Co‐occurrence networks found that these key bacteria belonged to the genera Acinetobacter, Clostridium sensu stricto, and Fusobacterium, and more species interactions were found within the same taxonomy. Functional prediction indicated that most of the metabolic functions were more abundant in the gut microbiota in adult chinstrap penguins, except for carbohydrate metabolism, which was significantly more abundant in older individuals.

Characterization of natural killer cells expressing markers associated with maturity and cytotoxicity in children and young adults with sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is increasingly recognized as a red blood cell disorder modulated by abnormally increased inflammation. We have previously shown that in patients with SCD not on a disease-modifying therapy (hydroxyurea or chronic transfusions), natural killer (NK) cell numbers are increased. In the current study, we further investigated the NK cell function to determine if there was evidence of increased activation and cytotoxicity. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 44 patients with HbSS/HbSβ0 thalassemia at steady state (hydroxyurea=13, chronic transfusion=11, no disease-modifying therapy=20) and 23 healthy controls. Using a fresh blood sample, NK immunophenotyping was performed as follows: NK cells (CD3- CD56+ lymphocytes) were evaluated for makers associated with activation (NKG2D, NKp30, NKp44, and CD69) and maturity (CD57, killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), and CD56dim). Degranulation and cytotoxicity assays were performed to evaluate NK cell function. Patients with SCD who were not on disease-modifying therapy had a higher number of NK cells with an immunophenotype associated with increased cytotoxicity (NKG2D+ , NKp30+ , CD56dim+ , and KIR+ NK cells) compared with healthy controls and patients on hydroxyurea. NK cells from SCD patients not on disease-modifying therapy demonstrated significantly increased cytotoxicity (measured by assaying NK cell killing of the K562 cell line) compared with healthy controls (P=0.005). Notably, NK cell cytotoxicity against K562 cells in the hydroxyurea or chronic transfusion patients was not significantly different from that in healthy controls. SCD is associated with increased NK cell function as well as increased NK cell numbers, which appears to be normalized with disease-modifying therapy.

Relationship between Emotional Maturity and Social Competence in Young Adults

Background: The impact of Emotional maturity starts with the maintenance and enlistment of ability. The degree to which applicant’s emotional maturity is considered in settling on top official contracting choices significantly affects a definitive achievement or disappointment of those administrators. The emotional maturity of the people doing the contracting is additionally significant for good procuring choices. Kokin Saera et al (2004) conducted a cross sectional study on “comparison of emotional maturity and social interaction in adolescents as compared to adults”. In this study, 50 adults and 50 adolescents were given social adjustment inventory and emotional competency test. The study concluded high social interaction in adolescents as compared to adults however, prevalence of emotional maturity in adults was found to be high. Purpose: To find the relationship between Emotional Maturity and Social Competence among Young male and Female Adults. Material and Methods: Sample was collected from 80 adults (40 Males and 40 Females) age ranging 18-25years both employed and unemployed from Delhi. The tools used for collecting data related to emotional maturity and social competence were Emotional maturity scale developed by Dr Yashvir Singh and Dr. Mahesh Bhargava and Social competence scale developed by Dr V.P. Sharma, Dr (Mrs) Prabha Shukla and Dr (Mrs) Kiran Shukla. Result and Conclusion: On a average, females were found to be highly emotionally mature as compared to the males at both the significance level of 0.05 and 0.1. Moreover, there was no difference in social competence level of working and non working adults as well as social competence level was found to be not dependent on gender.

Syntactic Complexity at the Intermediate Level in EFL Writing by Early Balanced Bilinguals

Syntactic Complexity at the Intermediate Level in EFL Writing by Early Balanced Bilinguals

Propositional analysis of discourse produced by Chinese speakers with traumatic brain injury

Propositional analysis of discourse produced by Chinese speakers with traumatic brain injury

Hip health at skeletal maturity in adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy

Hip health at skeletal maturity in adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy

Arthroscopic surgical treatment for neglected congenital muscular torticollis in adults.

Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is the third most common congenital musculoskeletal anomaly. The efficacy of surgical treatment of neglected CMT after skeletal maturity in adults remains controversial. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the efficacy of arthroscopic release of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle for the treatment of neglected CMT in adult cases. From April 2008 to July 2013, a total of 20 adult patients (9 men and 11 women) with a mean age of 23.0 years were surgically treated for neglected CMT with local anesthesia. The SCM muscle and clavicle were preoperatively marked. Through an artificial lacuna, an arthroscope and a radiofrequency probe were inserted. The sternal and clavicular attachments were dissected and divided via radiofrequency. Clinical evaluation was assessed using a modified Cheng and Tang score. The operation was successfully completed in all the patients. Follow-up examinations from 12 to 40 months in the 20 patients showed complete muscular release and satisfactory cosmetic appearance with no recurrence. There was no evidence of serious complications. The neck scars were no longer visible after several weeks. According to the modified Cheng and Tang scale, 11 patients displayed an excellent result and 9 patients had a good result. Arthroscopic release of the SCM muscle with local anesthesia is a simple and effective way to surgically manage neglected CMT without any risk for either damage to the neurovascular structures or leaving visible scars.

Rapid evolution of parasite life history traits on an expanding range‐edge

Parasites of invading species undergoing range advance may be exposed to powerful new selective forces. Low host density in range-edge populations hampers parasite transmission, requiring the parasite to survive longer periods in the external environment before encountering a potential host. These conditions should favour evolutionary shifts in offspring size to maximise parasite transmission. We conducted a common-garden experiment to compare life history traits among seven populations of the nematode lungworm (Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala) spanning from the parasite population core to the expanding range-edge in invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) in tropical Australia. Compared to conspecifics from the population core, nematodes from the range-edge exhibited larger eggs, larger free-living adults and larger infective larvae, and reduced age at maturity in parasitic adults. These results support a priori predictions regarding adaptive changes in offspring size as a function of invasion history, and suggest that parasite life history traits can evolve rapidly in response to the selective forces exerted by a biological invasion.

Discourse Analyses: Characterizing Cognitive-Communication Disorders Following TBI

Discourse Analyses: Characterizing Cognitive-Communication Disorders Following TBI

Prevention of haemophilic arthropathy during childhood. May common orthopaedic management be extrapolated from patients without inhibitors to patients with inhibitors?

We recommend prophylaxis in haemophilic children with an inhibitor as a way of preventing the musculoskeletal impairment that is likely to affect them. This approach has been used for children without inhibitors with excellent results. If prophylaxis is not feasible, we suggest that intensive on-demand treatment should be given. Two agents, recombinant activated FVII (rFVIIa) and activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCC), are currently used to control haemostasis either for prophylaxis or intensive on-demand treatment. As it is recombinant, rFVIIa would seem more appropriate to be employed in children. aPCC could be used in adults, or in the event of an unsatisfactory response to rFVIIa. We recommend prophylaxis or, at least, intensive on-demand treatment in haemophilia children with inhibitors. Both rFVIIa and aPCC are being used for this purpose. It would seem that rFVIIa might be more appropriate for children as it is a recombinant product. Nevertheless, after skeletal maturity (in adults), both agents could be used indistinctively (taking into consideration that FEIBA is a plasma-derived product). We still need more well-designed comparative studies in order to be able to assert that our consensus-based conclusion is evidence based. In orthopaedic surgery, both aPCC and rFVIIa have been reported to be effective in controlling perioperative haemostasis, although in practice most centres have so far used rFVIIa for their orthopaedic procedures. We recommend rehabilitation programmes for all patients with inhibitors in order to mitigate the disabling and handicapping impact of their condition and thereby enable them to achieve social integration. Programmes for haemophilic children without inhibitors can be applied to children with inhibitors but should be individually tailored.

Development and Measurement Through Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Young Adult Social Behavior Scale (YASB)

The Young Adult Social Behavior Scale was developed for the purpose of measuring self-reported relational and social aggression and behaviors of interpersonal maturity in adolescents and young adults (the sample included 629 university students; 66% female; 91.6% White). Despite previous research suggesting that relational and social aggression comprise a single paradigm, there is emerging evidence that indirect, social, and relational aggression are, in fact, separate constructs. In accordance with this more recent research, in this study, confirmatory factor analysis supports that the Young Adult Social Behavior Scale measures three internally consistent constructs: relationally aggressive behaviors, socially aggressive behaviors, and interpersonally mature behaviors.

An Overview of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors

More than 90% of testicular neoplasms originate from germ cells. Testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with diverse histopathology and clinical behavior. To help the readers distinguish various subtypes of GCTs, to highlight the clinical manifestations and pathologic features of these tumors, and to review several newly developed immunohistochemical markers for GCTs. Review of the pertinent literature and our experience. The etiology of GCTs is largely unknown. Cytogenetic studies suggest a different pathogenesis for each group of infantile/prepubertal GCTs, postpubertal GCTs, and spermatocytic seminoma. Unclassified intratubular germ cell neoplasia is the precursor of all GCTs, excluding spermatocytic seminoma and infantile/prepubertal GCTs. Seminoma, the most common GCT in adults, does not occur before 5 years of age. Spermatocytic seminoma, a tumor of elderly men, typically has an indolent clinical behavior, but rarely it undergoes sarcomatous transformation associated with an aggressive behavior. Embryonal carcinoma is the most common component in mixed GCTs. Eighty percent or more of embryonal carcinoma component and vascular invasion are recognized predictors of occult metastasis for clinical stage I mixed GCTs. Most patients with prepubertal yolk sac tumor, the most common pediatric GCT, have stage I disease at presentation. Most choriocarcinomas present with metastatic symptoms because of the propensity for rapid hematogenous dissemination. Teratomas in children regardless of maturity and dermoid cysts in adults are benign; in contrast, teratomas in adults have a malignant behavior. With appropriate therapy, the majority of testicular GCTs are curable.

Social relations and filial maturity in middle-aged adults: contextual conditions and psychological determinants.

The aim of this paper is to highlight the contextual and psychological preconditions of parent help and helpfulness in a sample of 260 middle-aged persons belonging to two age groups, 40-45 years and 50-55 years. In a first step we want to focus on the description of the contextual situation of the persons of this "hinge generation": What are their available social networks; what are their commitments towards children and parents in terms of perceived obligation and investment; how is their perceived balance of giving and receiving; how do they anticipate and experience dependency of their parents? In a second step we will highlight the readiness of middle-aged women and men to help their parents as well as the effectively reported help. Here we are interested in the psychological determinants of such attitude and behaviour. Structural equation models are performed to estimate the predictory power of personality variables, control beliefs and reported stress (family and job) on filial helpfulness and help. Results suggest that differential aspects such as gender and age group explain a large amount of variance of the variables intergenerational commitment and satisfaction with social networks and have--along with personality variables--a strong impact on filial help and helpfulness of middle-aged adults.

Pre‐ and post‐maturation survival in adults of the damselfly Pyrrhosoma nymphula (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae)

The technique of mark‐release‐recapture was used to study survival before and after sexual maturity in adults of the damselfly Pyrrhosoma nymphula (Sulzer). Fewer females were recaptured upon return to water to breed despite no differences in dispersal or daily survival rate between the sexes over the immature period. Because females took longer to mature than males, their poorer recapture rate was attributed to greater overall mortality during their longer maturation phase. Survivorship curves for tenerals marked at emergence suggested that overall survival of immature adults was similar to, if not better than, that of mature adults. The reasons for this are discussed.Jolly's model was used to estimate daily survival rates for mature adults. The assumptions of the model were tested rigorously. Estimates for females were statistically less reliable than those for males. Mean reproductive spans for males and females were 6.8 and 6.6 days, respectively, giving mean total adult lifespans of 19.4 days and 21.6 days for individuals surviving the maturation period.Because neither sex visited the breeding site every day, sampling exclusively at water resulted in underestimation of mean reproductive spans for both sexes. Female reproductive spans were underestimated to a greater extent; because females remain away from water longer between visits, there is a greater chance that they will die before being recaptured.Mean reproductive spans were also underestimated when only a sub‐section of the habitat was sampled. Females were significantly more mobile than males and this increased the likelihood that they would move out of the study area, resulting in more severe underestimation. The importance of obtaining accurate estimates of mature lifespan for females is discussed.

Modifying Vocational Maturity in Adults with Delayed Career Development: A Life Skills Approach

Vocational Guidance QuarterlyVolume 33, Issue 2 p. 101-112 Modifying Vocational Maturity in Adults with Delayed Career Development: A Life Skills Approach CAROLINE A. MANUELE, CAROLINE A. MANUELE Assistant Professor of Counseling and Personnel Caroline A. Manuele is an assistant professor of counseling and personnel, Graduate School of Education, Fordam University, New York.Search for more papers by this author CAROLINE A. MANUELE, CAROLINE A. MANUELE Assistant Professor of Counseling and Personnel Caroline A. Manuele is an assistant professor of counseling and personnel, Graduate School of Education, Fordam University, New York.Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1984 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-585X.1984.tb01084.xCitations: 6 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume33, Issue2December 1984Pages 101-112 RelatedInformation

The development of a measure to assess vocational maturity in adults with delayed career development

The development and validation of a measure of vocational maturity for educationally and economically “disadvantaged” adults who experience delayed career development is described. The Adult Vocational Maturity Assessment Interview (AVMAI) measures the attitudinal, cognitive, and behavior aspects involved in coping with exploratory and early entrance stage vocational development tasks. The measure employs a structured interview format accompanied by a detailed content scoring manual. It includes 120 items which yield scores for eight scales: Orientation to Education; Orientation to Work; Concern with Choice; Self-Appraisal: Interests and Abilities; Self-Appraisal: Personality Characteristics; Self-Appraisal: Values; Exploring Occupations; and Using Resources. Evidence for the measure's reliability, content, and construct validity is presented by examining the internal consistency of the scales, the reliability of its scoring procedures, its interscale correlations, and its performance in a pretest-post-test experimental situation. Research and counseling uses of the measure are discussed in the context of the need for vocational psychologists to develop and use measures that are appropriate for the specific career development problems of different groups in society.

Reinforcers, values, and vocational maturity in adults

The purpose of the present study was to test the notion that job reinforcers and occupational values are related to vocational maturity. The importance of 21 reinforcers and 11 values were rated by 207 vocational rehabilitation clients nad 59 graduate students. The dependent measure was the Adult Vocational Maturity Index. Older subjects with more education were more vocationally mature. Those subjects who considered-(a) getting a feeling of accomplishment, (b) doing work without feeling it is morally wrong, (c) having steady employment, (d) independence, (e) opportunity to use special talents, (f) challenge, and (g) self-satisfaction-important, were high in vocational maturity. Subjects who considered such things as-(a) telling other workers what to do, (b) having the position of “somebody” in the community, and (c) prestige-important, were lower in vocational maturity. The data indicated that choice of occupational reinforcers and preferences for specified values are reflected in the individual's “vocational maturity”.