Mature Character Research Articles

The “greywacke problem” explored in the neoproterozoic of Saxo-Thuringia: new insights into sediment composition and metamorphic overprint

AbstractGreywackes make up a substantial part of the Cadomian basement of Saxo-Thuringia. Here, their classification as greywackes and the timing of metamorphic overprint are re-evaluated using a multi-method approach. Immature monotonous greywacke sequences from the Lausitz (Lausitz Block) and Leipzig groups (North Saxon Anticline), as well as from the eastern Thuringian Basin and parts of the Weesenstein Group (Elbe Zone) probably belong to a coherent unit, based on microscopic investigations supported by SEM Automated Mineralogy analyses and point counting data. However, due to the low matrix content (< 15%), the sedimentary rocks are more likely classified as lithic sandstones. The heterogeneous composition and in particular the highly mature character of the Clanzschwitz Group (North Saxon Anticline) and parts of the Weesenstein Group (Seidewitz Formation) suggest a younger, Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician sedimentation age. Typically, the metamorphic overprint of the “greywacke units” is very weak. Previous assumptions of Cadomian contact metamorphism triggered by Early Cambrian intrusions (ca. 540 Ma) could not be confirmed due to the local differences in the determined metamorphic ages. Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician (521–461 Ma) Th–U–Pb monazite ages are likely related to the tectonic transition from the collisional regime of the Cadomian orogeny to extensional processes in the course of the opening of the Rheic Ocean. Sporadic Late Ordovician (458–445 Ma) Th–U–Pb monazite and K–Ar fine-fraction ages were also obtained but the specific thermal trigger is still subject of debate. The Permo-Carboniferous metamorphic ages (314–286 Ma) indicate high-temperature metamorphism related to the post-Variscan extensional processes of Central Europe during this period. The youngest dated monazites are Jurassic in age and may have grown in association with the hydrothermal activity known from Central Europe at that time. Graphical abstract

CELLULAR COMPOSITION OF THE LYMPHOID STRUCTURES OF THE HUMAN INTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS

he aim of our study was to investigate the cellular composition of the lymphoid structures of the human intrahepatic bile ducts. Materials and Methods: The object of the study was the lymphoid structures of the walls of the intrahepatic bile ducts obtained from 45 cadavers of different ages. Lymphoid nodules in the walls of the intrahepatic bile ducts were investigated by T. Hellman’s method. The microanatomy of lymphoid structures was studied on microscopic preparations. Microscopic preparations were stained according to Van Gieson, with hematoxylin-eosin, methylene blue. The digital data obtained during the study was subjected to statistical processing. Results: A macromicroscopic study of lymphoid formations in the intrahepatic bile ducts showed that lymphoid formations in the walls of these organs are represented by lymphoid nodules and diffuse lymphoid tissue. The peripheral contours of the lymphoid nodules are clearly defined. Histologically, the cellular composition of lymphoid nodules and diffuse lymphoid tissue was studied. In the mucous membrane and in the submucosa, small, medium sized lymphocytes, and large lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma, reticular, mast cells, cells in a stage of mitosis, degeneratively altered (destructive), and other forms of lymphoid cells are determined. Conclusions: According to our data, newborns have not only lymphoid nodules, but also a typical cellular composition in the lymphoid tissue, which has a completely “mature character”. The results of morphometric studies showed that in early childhood there is a high percentage of small, medium, large lymphocytes, macrophages, cells with signs of mitosis.

Developing Paraphalaenopsis labukensis (Shim, A. Lamb & C.L. Chan), an Orchid Endemic to Sabah, Borneo, Asymbiotic Seed Germination and In Vitro Seedling Development

Paraphalaenopsis labukensis Shim, A. Lamb & C.L. Chan (P. labukensis) is an endangered monopodial epiphytic orchid threatened due to habitat fragmentation and overharvesting. Consequently, this research aimed to achieve in vitro propagation of P. labukensis through asymbiotic seed germination and seedling development. This study focused on identification and optimizing capsule maturity, basal media and nutrient requirements. In addition, after hand pollinating the plant, their capsules’ flowers, length, girth, and colour variations were recorded weekly to ascertain morphological maturity characters of this species. Murashige and Skoog (MS), Knudson C (KC), and Vaccin and Went (VW) basal media were used to determine seed vegetation at 60, 90, and 120 days. Subsequently, for the proliferation and development of protocorms, the best basal media were those supplemented with different organic additives (coconut water (CW) and banana homogenate (BH)) and plant growth regulators (PGRs). As a result, 120 days after pollination (DAP) was chosen as the best capsule age for germination since the capsules had reached maturity. The highest germination rate was attained after 90 days of culture in Knudson C (KC) medium, with 98.78 ± 0.89%, followed by Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, with 92.80 ± 3.26%. The KC supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA media documented a maximum percentage of 17.25 ± 0.96%. The 5 g/L (w/v) BH recorded a higher protocorm proliferation percentage than CW. Additionally, after 150 days of culture (DOC), this medium combination produced the most leaves, averaging four or five. The result of this present study has successfully established an effective in vitro propagation protocol for this species.

Detrital zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopes and whole-rock geochemistry of Ediacaran - Silurian clastic sediments of the Uzbek Tienshan: sources and tectonic implications

ABSTRACT The paper presents first high-precision data, U-Pb detrital zircon ages, whole-rock geochemistry, Hf-in-zircon and whole-rock Nd isotopes, from pre-Devonian (Ediacaran and Silurian) clastic sediments (sandstones) of the Tamdytau, Bukantau and Nuratau mountainous ranges of the Kyzylkum Desert and Nuratau Range in the western Uzbek Tienshan. The sediments form a turbidite-type complex associated with ocean plate stratigraphy units (oceanic pillow basalt, chert, siliceous mudstone and siltstone) and arc volcanic rocks. Four sandstone samples from the Tamdytau and Northern Nuratau Mts. (Besapan and Kaltadavan formations, respectively) yielded maximum depositional ages in the range of 570–540 Ma. These ages indicate the formation of pre-Devonian sedimentary units during a relatively narrow time interval from the latest Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran) to the earliest Cambrian, i.e. ca. 50–70 Myr. Five samples of turbidites from the Bukantau Mts. (Baimen Fm.) yielded a maximal depositional age of ca. 440 Ma, i.e. early Silurian (Llandovery). The petrographic, major and trace element compositions, as well as εNd(t) values ranging from -16 to -9 of those sandstones suggest their generally mature character and derivation from recycled orogens with a limited contribution of juvenile crust material. All sandstone samples yielded similar detrital zircon U-Pb age patterns characterized by major peaks at 650–570, 870–730, 1050–900 and 2400 Ma and by a smaller peak at ca. 1800 Ma. These patterns are similar to the U-Pb age spectra from the basement of the Tarim Craton. However, the Kyzylkum basement may contain a larger proportion of late Archaean rocks and igneous formations related to Ediacaran – earliest Cambrian orogenic events. All samples showing U-Pb detrital zircon age spectra with peaks at 650–570 Ma carry relatively large amounts of zircon grains with juvenile Hf isotope characteristics, i.e. positive εHf(t) (up to +10) suggesting their derivation from continental or Island arcs. The presence of exotic tectonic blocks composed of Ediacaran arc-type rocks hosted by the accretionary complex of the South Tienshan suggests that an extended arc system once existed at the southern convergent margin of the Turkestan Ocean. That arc system provided clastic material for the Palaeozoic sediments of the South Tienshan, but was probably destroyed by tectonic erosion during early Palaeozoic oceanic subduction.

The Appearance of the “Ideal” and Other Topoi in Bartók’s Two Sonatas for Violin and Piano nos. 1–2

Abstract The early Violin Concerto (1907–1908) dedicated to the young violinist, Stefi Geyer, is regarded as one of the most personal compositions by Béla Bartók. The transparent structure, and the ethereal, unearthly tone of the first movement, probably inspired by Stefi Geyer’s playing, belongs to the warmest and most intimate tone used by the composer. Presumably, its re-emergence in certain passages of the two Violin-Piano Sonatas (1921 and 1922) was not by chance. It might have been the composer’s reaction to Jelly d’Arányi’s violin playing that evoked the memory of the early concerto and its source of inspiration. However, despite their similarities the “ideal” tone of the Sonatas is not the same as that in the Violin Concerto. It is still recognisable, but it has a different, perhaps more mature character and, furthermore, within the material surrounding it, we can detect the kernel of those Bartókian types which gain their definite form only in his 1926 emblematic piano pieces, for instance some elements of his “night music” type, his mourning song type, and some characteristic traits of his “chase” music. In the present article, besides following the process of transformation of the “ideal,” I make an attempt to identify the newly developed musical types, and to find an explanation of all these changes.

Constraints of rare detrital V-rich tourmaline and rutile on late Devonian palaeogeographic reconstruction in the Azarbaijan district, NW Iran

• New geochemical data on detrital tourmaline and rutile from the Devonian sedimentary rocks in NW Iran. • Specific V-bearing tourmaline and rutile compositions indicate metaultramafic source rocks. • Evidence for far-distant transport of sediment from the Gondwanan-East African Belt to the distal margin of Gondwana . This paper presents the first geochemical data on detrital tourmaline and rutile from sedimentary rocks of the upper Devonian Ilanqareh Formation (Fm.) which is extended in the Azarbaijan area in NW Iran. The deposits have typically mature character with ultra-stable heavy minerals predominantly derived from the metamorphic rocks. The detrital tourmaline has mainly dravitic, uvitic and Mg-foititic composition, thus indicating metaultramafic source rocks and common metapelites and metapsammites. Detrital rutile geochemistry indicates the presence of lower-up-to-upper amphibolite facies metapelitic source rocks, and part of this rutile most likely underwent granulite facies metamorphism. Unique detrital V-bearing tourmaline with high V 2 O 3 content up to 8.93 wt% indicates its primary derivation from far-distant source rocks in the East African Belt and adjacent areas. This is confirmed by both the exceptional geochemistry and the shape and roundness of the tourmaline which indicate recycled detrital origin and multiple reworking. The less frequent V-bearing rutile also indicates the same sources. These results confirm the wide circulation of sediments distributed by the Gondwana super-fan system from the inner parts of this super-continent to the Gondwana and peri-Gondwanan terrain continental margins, and also their later re-distribution during the Devonian era. The results highlight the significant contribution from Gondwanan sources to the supply of upper Devonian siliciclastic formations in NW Iran compared to those from the Iranian plate.

Utilization of Molecular Markers for Rice Breeding

Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world's population. Rice production in 2050 must increase by at least 50% to keep up with the population growth. Efforts to increase rice production continue using various strategies. Breeders apply multiple approaches including application of molecular markers in developing varieties better than the previous ones. Since the discovery of the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers in 1980s and the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, many types of molecular markers have been developed and applied to various crops including rice. Various molecular approaches to map genetic loci associated with rice superior traits were conducted. The mapped loci are very useful for rice breeding purposes. This paper reports the results of mapping and breeding economically important traits in rice, mainly those related to abiotic stresses, agronomic traits, yield, and yield quality. These included characters of semidwarf stature, aromatic grain, high yield potential, eating quality, higher Zn and Fe grain, more tolerant to abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought, phosphate deficiency, Al toxicity and Fe toxicity, submergence, as well as early maturity character. The mapped characters can be transferred using marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) method into cultivated rice genotypes well-adopted by farmers. Several countries including Indonesia have benefited from this breeding method, and Indonesia have released several rice varieties developed through MABC. These include rice varieties such as Code, Angke, Inpari 30, Inpari Blas, Inpari HDB, Bio Patenggang Agritan, and Bioni 63 Ciherang Agritan

The Lives of Women in Plutarch’s Lives

Plutarch’s works often serve as a starting point for feminist criticism – the writer is called both a feminist who surpassed his times and a spokesperson for the traditional patriarchal society who sees women as passive and inferior to men. Others are certain that Plutarch hates women and atributes all possible character flaws to them. According to some, Plutarch despises educated women, yet others, contrarily, state that he enjoyed the company of educated women no less than that of educated men. Such a vast range of different expert opinions may be due to Plutarch’s vast literary legacy as well as the peculiarity of his way of thinking and his “generic sensibility”: the tendency to change his approach in consideration of different generic demands. Nevertheless, it is impossible to disagree that Plutarch did write the lives of men, and not of women. However, in the remaining Lives of famous Greeks and Romans, we meet plenty of women whose acts and moral principles may serve as examples not only for women, but also for men. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that Plutarch, despite of sometimes relying on stereotypes, regards women according to the same ethical principles as he applies to men. Plutarch depicts women not as passive and submissive, but as autonomous and mature characters who are active not only in their private world, but in the political world too. They overstep the traditional social boundaries of the stereotype “feminine matrix.” He accentuates two of women’s social roles that, according to his judgement, are of the greatest importance: motherhood and partnership. In Plutarch’s narrative, women are associated with love – the selfless motherly love, or marital love based on the community of thoughts and feelings. Plutarch draws attention not to the physical beauty of women, which is traditionally related to feminine sexuality in masculine psychology, but to the integrity of their characters. Love between a husband and wife, based not only on eros, but on devotion and friendship, is the primary representation of erotic love in his Lives.

Currency's reversed marginal role in children's literature: Loans, debts, Mum Bucks and their subversion inDiary of a Wimpy Kid

AbstractMonetary issues abound in the best‐seller graphic novelDiary of a Wimpy Kid, where Heffley, his little brother Manny, and his friend Rowley often try to borrow or use others' money, the failure of which often develops into stealth or abuse of money, not to mention Heffley's mom's failed effort of disciplining him by introducing Mum Bucks. Money plays the role of currency and is one of the regulating and most fundamental principles in the adult society. Those who disregard the commonly accepted way of the use of money are often marginalized or even become criminals. On the contrary, in the children's world, money is often marginalized and destabilized—it is not respected with reference to its proper function in the adult world and it is often abused, counterfeited, or denied, the degree of which often indicates the degree of maturity of the character. This article analyzes different characters' regards and uses of money inDiary of a Wimpy Kidin an attempt to reveal the marginalized or even destabilizing role money plays in the children's world. It argues that the least mature character holds the most careless attitude toward money and this behavior often upsets the more mature character, who to a certain extent has partly internalized the central role of money in the adult world. It is, therefore, not surprising that Heffley's mom's introduction of Mom Bucks fail to work in the end because it symbolizes adults' futile enforcement of the disciplinary power of money in the children's world where it is not recognized as such.

44 - Temperament and character in patients with acute abdominal pain

Abstract Background Several conditions presenting with abdominal pain are associated with specific personality factors although it is unclear if this is true also in emergency clinic settings. Objective To study personality factors among patients with acute abdominal pain in an emergency ward. Methods Consecutive patients (N = 165) with abdominal symptoms at an emergency clinic were administrated the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Three main groups were identified; specific abdominal diagnoses, (N = 77), non-specific abdominal pain, (N = 67) and organic dyspepsia (N = 21). TCI results were compared between clinical groups and a control group (N = 122). Results As compared to individuals with specific abdominal diagnoses and controls, those with organic dyspepsia were significantly more anxious (harm avoidance), (p = 0.003), and had lower ability to cooperate (cooperativeness) (p = 0.048 and p = 0.004 respectively). They were also significantly more unpretentious (self-transcendence) compared to individuals with specific abdominal diagnoses (p = 0.048), non-specific abdominal pain (p = 0.012) and controls (p = 0.004) and evidenced less mature character (sum of self-directedness and cooperativeness) compared to those with specific abdominal diagnoses and controls (p = 0.003). Conclusion Individuals seeking care at an emergency clinic with organic dyspepsia showed a distinguishable pattern of personality features that distinguished them from the other comparison groups. Therefore an evaluation of personality factors may add a new dimension to the diagnostic investigation in the emergency care of abdominal pain and contribute to the optimization of the treatment of organic dyspepsia.

Genetic resources management of local tidal rice in Riau province

There are at least 19 major groups of local tidal rice cultivars distributed in Pelalawan District which were not pure. This study aimed to report the progress of collaboration research among Riau AIAT, Pelalawan District Government and farmers has developed in situ and ex situ conservation of the local tidal rice cultivars from the year 2007 to 2018. Positive mass selection in Karya population has resulted in KN1-79 line with a yield potential of 6.74 t/ha dry milled grain (DMG), whereas in Cekau population has resulted in C1/KB line with a yield potential of 8.60 t/ha DMG. KN1-79 and C1/KB line have been released as Karya Pelalawan variety and Cekau Pelalawan variety, respectively. Both varieties have been registered by Center of Plant Variety Protection. The drawback of these local cultivars is late in maturity. Karya Pelalawan was crossed to Fatmawati and produced varieties Bono Pelalawan and Mendol Pelalawan which have early maturity character. Cekau 34 was crossed with Cisantana and produced Inpara Pelalawan with new characters such as early maturing, aromatic grain and tolerant to iron toxicity and salinity. Participatory plant breeding has promoted the released varieties to be widely and rapidly distributed as well as easily accepted by farmers. By promoting the ownership of local cultivars to the local government, local cultivars could be as a regional identity. Thus, it has been shown that Pelalawan District Government was actively involved in the development of released cultivars derived from local rice cultivars.

Heterosis, Combining Ability and Their Inter-Relationship for Morphological and Quality Traits in Yellow Maize (Zea mays L.) Single-Crosses Across Environments

The research aimed to study heterosis, combining ability and performance along with their inter-relationship across three environments. Variance due to general (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) and their interaction with environment was found to be significant for most of studied traits. For all the studied traits but ASI (Anthesis-silking interval), HI (Harvest index) and starch content, additive gene action was highly important than non-additive gene action for their expression as reflected by Baker's ratio which was near to unity. CML439, R13-1-1 and Tarun83-1-3-2 were the best general combiner for starch, protein and oil, respectively. R13-1-17, CML439 and Tarun83-1-3-2 were good general combiner for maturity characters and harvest index while TSK 196 and TSK 197 were good general combiner for cob length, cob girth, number of grains/row and grain yield. DMR9047×R13-1-17 and POP31Q×Tarun83-1-3-2 showed desirable heterosis and SCA effect for maturity characters. Regarding to SCA and heterosis, the prominent hybrids for grain yield were TSK197×R13-1-10, TSK194×POP31Q, DMR9047×POP31Q and R13-1-1×DMR9047. SCA established stronger relationship with per se performance of grain yield and quality traits than mid-parent (MPH) and best-parent heterosis (BPH), reflecting that an improvement in selection of SCA will results in an indirect improvement of MPH and BPH of hybrids.

Aromatic Hydrocarbons as Indicators of Maturation and Source: Correlative Geochemical Evaluation of Commingled Niger Delta Crude Oils

Two Niger Delta crude oils from Rivers and Delta States (samples A and F) and their compositional mixtures (samples B, C, D and E) where evaluated using a range of geochemical parameters derived from aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic sulphur compounds to determine their source and maturity. The relative distribution of various plant markers in crude oil samples A and F which were retained in their compositional mixes suggests the contribution of angiosperm higher plants and coniferous higher plants to the source rocks that generated the crude oils. The various maturity parameters computed for the oil samples revealed that both the Rivers and Delta crude oils lie in the high maturity state with sample F significantly more matured than sample A. All alkynaphthalene maturity parameters suggested a peak to late oil generation window for the crude oil samples except the methyl naphthalene ratio (MNR) whose maturity sequence lacks sufficient variation to distinguish maturity differences in the crude oil samples. The maturity characters of TNR-1 and TNR-2 (trimethylnaphthalene ratio) showed a strong correlation between the individual crude oil samples and their mixtures. However, all the other maturity parameters showed moderate or weak correlation between the individual crude oil samples and their mixtures.

Best of Brothers, Finest of Men, Or …?

Best of Brothers, Finest of Men, Or …? Peter Heinegg Joseph and the Way of Forgiveness: A Biblical Tale Retold. Stephen Mitchell, New York, NY: St. Martin's Essentials, 2019 254pp. $21.99. It's hard to think of a literary genre that the versatile, prodigiously learned, and widely acclaimed Stephen Mitchell has not ventured into: poetry and fiction, non‐fiction, translations (of everything from Gilgamesh to Homer to Rilke) and adaptations (from eight languages), compilations of all sorts, including “sacred prose and poetry,” and even children's books—about four dozen volumes in all, some of them in collaboration with his wife Byron Katie. The bulk of his work has centered on the classics, both ancient and modern, and religion, from Hinduism to Buddhism to Judaism to Christianity. This time around he has chosen to do a contemporary Midrashic version of the story of Joseph, a tale that, Mitchell reminds us, Tolstoy thought the most beautiful in the world, with a hero whom he calls “the most spiritually mature character in the Hebrew Bible.” Jack Miles said as much in God: A Biography (1996), but then the Old Testament seldom engages in hagiography (cf. the way Moses was banned, for an obscure minor lapse, from entering the Promised Land). In fact, the Hebrew Bible specialized in warts‐and‐all portraiture long before that phrase became popular in the 18th century. Mitchell makes a compelling case for the moral greatness of Joseph, with a little help from laudatory early rabbinical commentary. But the Bible, like the Talmud, always leaves room for contrary voices; and while joining Mitchell in his warm, affectionate, compelling account, we can still ask a few edgy questions. Mitchell actually begins on a misleading note, when he writes that the previously, and agonizingly, barren Rachel welcomes her newborn son by naming “the boy Joseph, which means He Has Taken Away (that is, God Has Taken Away My Humiliation).” Well, she did thank God for taking away what the KJV calls her “reproach” (Gen. 30.24); but the actual etymology of the name means “let him [the god] add,” (from the verb yasaf) as Rachel herself acknowledges when she immediately proclaims, “The LORD shall add [or ‘May the LORD add’] to me another son” (Gen. 30.24). Then too, Mitchell occasionally refers to the “Jews,” which is unhistorical, because the ancient Hebrews or Israelites weren't called Jews until long after the reduction of Israel to the southern kingdom of Judah in 721 BCE. Oh well, no big deal. The authors of midrash can take all sorts of liberties. For example, the biblical story of Joseph fuses two different versions, in one of which it's Simeon who saves Joseph's life from his murderous brethren; in the other it's Judah. Mitchell opts for Judah, which among other things lets him make good use of the seemingly ill‐placed narrative of Judah and Tamar in Chapter 38. The original text likewise provides two alternative groups of traders, Ishmaelites and Midianites, who buy Joseph and take him to Egypt to sell him as a slave. Mitchell chooses the Ishmaelites, perhaps because of the link with the fateful events surrounding the lives of Isaac and Ishmael, the chosen and the exiled offspring of Abraham. He breaks up his meditation on Joseph into more than a hundred very brief chapters, combining two things the Bible seldom has time for: detailed descriptions of the thoughts, emotions, and self‐analyses of both major and minor characters. Practically everyone here, from Jacob and Joseph to his brothers to Potiphar's wife is torn by guilt or some painful inner conflict—all of which will be resolved in the end. Mitchell obviously isn't going to aim for the gargantuan proportions of Thomas Mann's Joseph and His Brothers, which took sixteen years to write (roughly 1926‐1942) and is over 1,500 pages long in John E. Woods's splendid translation. (Mitchell never even mentions Mann, which seems odd.) But he expands the original with many invented episodes and his own reflections. Among the former, Joseph's brothers savagely thrash him before flinging him into a ditch to wallow in his own...

Cloninger's TCI associations with adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies.

BackgroundCognitive emotion regulation plays a crucial role in psychopathology, resilience and well-being by regulating response to stress situations. However, the relationship between personality and adaptive and maladaptive regulation has not been sufficiently examined.MethodsAdaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies of 247 university students were measured using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and their temperament and character characteristics were analyzed with the Temperament and Character Inventory—Revised Short (TCI-RS). Two-step hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to analyze whether TCI-RS explains the use of adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. The latent classes of cognitive emotion regulation strategies were extracted with Latent Class Analysis (LCA) and significant differences in the subscales of CERQ and TCI-RS were examined with Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Profile Analysis after controlling for sex and age.ResultsThe two-step hierarchical multiple regression model using the seven TCI-RS subscales explained 32.30% of the adaptive and 41.70% of the maladaptive CERQ subscale scores when sex and age were introduced in the first step as covariates. As for temperament, Novelty Seeking (NS) and Persistence (PS) were pivotal for adaptive and Harm Avoidance (HA) and PS for maladaptive CERQ total scores. In addition, the character traits Self-Directedness (SD) and Cooperativeness (CO) were critical for high adaptive and low maladaptive CERQ scores. Four latent emotion regulation classes were confirmed through LCA, and distinct TCI-RS profiles were found. The temperament trait HA and character trait SD were significantly different among the four latent emotion regulation classes.DiscussionThis study demonstrated that SD and CO are related to cognitive emotion regulation strategies along with psychological health and well-being, and that PS exhibits dualistic effects when combined with NS or HA on response to stressful situations. The importance of developing mature character represented by higher SD and CO in regard to mental health and its clinical implementation was discussed.

Mineralogy and geochemistry of marine glauconitic siliciclasts and phosphates in selected Cenomanian–Turonian units, Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, Czech Republic: Implications for provenance and depositional environment

Glauconitic siliciclastic rocks and phosphate components from the Pecínov Member of the Peruc–Korycany Formation (Upper Cenomanian), the lower part of the Bílá Hora Formation (Lower Turonian) and the lower part of the Teplice Formation (Upper Turonian) are studied. Geochemical indices suggest that the siliciclasts were derived from the weathering and recycling products of variable rock types of the Bohemian Massif, with a pronounced signature of felsic-derived source lithologies and a minor contribution from the sources of a chemically intermediate nature. Geochemical and mineralogical criteria suggest that the climate in the mid-Cretaceous was generally humid with possible intermittent arid episodes, which resulted in a long-term weathering of source rocks and the development of residual clay minerals in the source area. Several geochemical indications point toward highly reducing marine conditions during deposition of the mudstones, which are composed of quartz, glauconite, kaolinite, smectite, apatite and calcite. The glauconites show a highly mature character with >8 wt. % K2O and bear evidence of long residence time near the sediment–water interface. They are depleted in Fe and rich in Al indicating a mixed layer mica–smectite as a precursor. Carbonate-fluorapatite is the only phosphate phase identified in the phosphate components, with up to 8 wt. % CO32−, excess F− and significant amounts of Na+ and SO42− in the apatite structure. A short-lived phosphogenic event(s) took place in the latest Cenomanian and involved large areas of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin in association with the Oceanic Anoxic Event 2. The phosphate nodules were initially precipitated under suboxic conditions around the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary and were later reworked and emplaced in the earliest Turonian units. Phosphate coprolites mark another phosphogenic event in the early Upper Turonian. The development of the phosphate coprolites took place under variable redox conditions; the release of organically-bound phosphate and subsequent phosphatisation of fecal material took place under suboxic environment, followed by reworking in oxic realms.

A Study on the Social Educational Significance of Dasan’s Theory of Xiuji-Zhire

수기치인의 본질과 원리를 체계적으로 정립한 다산의 사상은 사회적 기능중심 사회교육학의 정립에 중요한 기초가 될 수 있다. 다산의 수기는 효(孝), 제(弟), 자(慈)를 갖추고 구체적인 대상을 위한 인륜을 지향한다는 점에서 기존의 성리학보다 사회지향적인 성격이 강하다. 다산의 치인은 수기에 의해서 저절로 이루어지는 것이 아니라 목민과 예약형정을 위한 전문적이고 종합적인 실천이다. 다산의 수기치인론에 따르면 원칙적으로 수기를 전제로 치인을 추구하되, 현실적으로 수기의 완성 이후로 치인을 미루지 않는다. 일상생활 속에서 끊임없이 수기와 치인을 해 나가되 높은 수준의 치인을 위해서는 이보다 높은 수준의 수기가 선행되어야 한다. 다산의 수기치인론에 비추어 볼 때 사회교육은 성숙한 인격을 갖추고 사회문제를 해결하고 건전한 사회공동체를 형성해 나갈 사회지도자를 양성하는 수기치인의 실천이다. 수기치인의 관점에서 볼 때 사회교육학은 윤리학적 차원, 사회과학적 차원, 교육학적 차원에서 수기와 치인에 관한 논의를 다룬다. 사회교육자는 공식적인 사회교육의 장에서 학습자의 수기치인이 체계적으로 이루어지도록 교육적으로 기획해야 하지만, 일반적인 교육현장에서도 학습자의 수기치인이 구현될 수 있도록 유도해야 한다. 일반적인 교육자로서 사회교육자는 배움으로써 수기하고 가르침으로써 치인하며, 사회지도자로서 사회교육자는 목민지도로 수기하고 교정(敎政)을 통해 치인한다. 사회적 기능중심 사회교육학의 이론적 기초를 정립하고 사회교육 실천의 이념적 전통을 계승하기 위해 다산의 사상에 대한 다각적이고 심층적인 연구가 필요하다.The philosophy of Dasan(Chong Yak-yong), who systematically organized the definitions and practical principles of Xiuji(self-cultivating) and Zhiren(people-governing), can be an important basis of social education which pursues social changes through education. His thought on Xiuji is much more social-oriented than that of Sung Confucianism. As to Zhiren, it is made through the specialized and comprehensive practice for people and society rather than naturally occurs by Xiuji. According to Dasan, we basically pursue Zhiren on the premise of Xiuji, but in reality, it does not hold off Zhiren until the accomplishment of Xiuji. With continuous practice of Xiuji and Zhiren in everyday life, Xiuji of much higher level needs to be preceded in order to have a higher level of Zhiren. When it comes to Dasan’s Xiuji-Zhiren, social education can be explained as a practice of fostering social leaders who will formulate mature character, solve social problems and form sound social communities. In addition, from the point of view of Xiuji-Zhiren, the social education covers all discussions regarding Xiuji and Zhiren in aspects of ethics, social science and education. Moreover, not only should the social educators develop an educative plan so that learners can proceed with a systematic Xiuji-Zhiren in formal social education, but also they should lead learners to realize Xiuji-Zhiren in ordinary education. General social educators conduct Xiuji by learning in advance and fulfill Zhiren in teaching learners. Social educators as a leader of society perform Xiuji through the principle of governing the people and accomplish Zhiren with the help of educational politics. To establish a theological and practical basis for social education, we need multilateral and profound study on the thought of Dasan.

The Historical and Ecumenical Value of Kenneth Kirk’s Anglican Moral Theology

Anglican moralist Kenneth Kirk is an early twentieth-century forerunner of Catholic revisionism. Kirk critiques the moral manuals and defends a historicist, biblically grounded virtue ethic forty years prior to Catholic figures like Bernard Häring. Kirk also utilizes inductive casuistry in analyzing concrete cases to the end of promoting Christian freedom and mature Christlike character. For these reasons his moral theology has historical and ecumenical importance.

Temperament and character in patients with acute abdominal pain

BackgroundSeveral conditions presenting with abdominal pain are associated with specific personality factors although it is unclear if this is true also in emergency clinic settings. ObjectiveTo study personality factors among patients with acute abdominal pain in an emergency ward. MethodsConsecutive patients (N = 165) with abdominal symptoms at an emergency clinic were administrated the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Three main groups were identified; specific abdominal diagnoses, (N = 77), non-specific abdominal pain, (N = 67) and organic dyspepsia (N = 21). TCI results were compared between clinical groups and a control group (N = 122). ResultsAs compared to individuals with specific abdominal diagnoses and controls, those with organic dyspepsia were significantly more anxious (harm avoidance), (p = 0.003), and had lower ability to cooperate (cooperativeness) (p = 0.048 and p = 0.004 respectively). They were also significantly more unpretentious (self-transcendence) compared to individuals with specific abdominal diagnoses (p = 0.048), non-specific abdominal pain (p = 0.012) and controls (p = 0.004) and evidenced less mature character (sum of self-directedness and cooperativeness) compared to those with specific abdominal diagnoses and controls (p = 0.003). ConclusionIndividuals seeking care at an emergency clinic with organic dyspepsia showed a distinguishable pattern of personality features that distinguished them from the other comparison groups. Therefore an evaluation of personality factors may add a new dimension to the diagnostic investigation in the emergency care of abdominal pain and contribute to the optimization of the treatment of organic dyspepsia.

Comparative Resistance as Function of Physical and Chemical Properties of Selected Faba Bean Promising Lines against Callosobruchus maculatus Post Harvest

The present investigation was conducted during two growing seasons 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 at Sakha Agricultural Research Station farm, in order to evaluate thirteen faba bean genotypes to physical and chemical properties against insects attack to faba bean seed from breeding program, under early and late sowing dates (mid-October and mid- November, respectively) comparing with three varieties were assessed to study their response to infestation with Cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus post- harvest through storage under laboratory conditions. Susceptibility index (SI), Seed yield /plant as well as net weight after discarding the all negative factors which affect the final yield were taken as gauge of susceptibility of studied lines. Actually, the results indicated that the studied lines greatly differed to the attack of C. maculatus. According to (SI)i.e. the line with high values of SI, high number of progeny, weight losses and shorter life cycle were classified as susceptible. In contrast, the lines with intermediate S.I (5.1-7.5) and revealed lower number of adults emerged (lower, weight loss and longerlife cycle were considered tolerant or moderately resistant (MR). The results clearly indicated that the complete resistant lines were relatively absent. Furthermore, appositive relationship was fond between the physic-chemical characters and infestation with C. maculatus. According to S.I, seed yield/plant, net weight the lines 2 and 16 were the most tolerant, while line 14 and 4 were the most susceptible one. In addition, that the mid October was the suitable sowing date where it actualized the higher seed yield along the two planting seasons. Based on the highest net weight %, the line 2 and Sakha3 may be recommended to plant at mid-October and for storage at long periods where they were tolerant against the tested beetle in storage, some diseases in field and climatic sowing. In order to early maturity character, the promising breeding line 2 as an early mature faba line that characterizes with tolerant to insect infestation along with high yield potential, especially under the stresses associated with early sowing date. Therefore, it should be taken into consideration to select the promising line 2 for faba bean breeding program to improve productivity and tolerance to insect infestation to avoid insecticide usage. In conclusion, this investigation showed the importance of physical and chemical properties for protects the seeds of faba bean against the insect attack.