Mathematical Model Of Energy Consumption Research Articles

An Energy Efficiency Optimization Method for Electric Propulsion Units during Electric Seaplanes’ Take-Off Phase

The electric seaplane, designed for take-off and landing directly on water, incorporates additional structures such as floats to meet operational requirements. Consequently, during the take-off taxiing phase, it encounters significantly higher aerodynamic and hydrodynamic resistance than other aircraft. This increases energy demand for the electric seaplane during the take-off phase. A mathematical model for energy consumption during this stage was developed by analyzing resistance, using the propeller pitch angle as an optimization variable. This study proposes a coupled energy efficiency optimization method for the take-off phase of an electric seaplane’s electric propulsion unit (EPU). The method aims to determine an optimal propeller pitch angle configuration aligned with the seaplane’s design criteria. This ensures that the propeller output thrust meets minimal requirements during take-off while enhancing energy efficiency. Experimental validation with the two-seater electric seaplane prototype RX1E-S has demonstrated that selecting the optimal propeller pitch angle can effectively reduce energy consumption by approximately 10.4%, thereby significantly enhancing flight efficiency.

The Energy-Saving Control Criterion for Impact Crushing Machines

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the use of a new criterion for controlling the grinding technological process to improve the use of electrical energy. The subject of the study is the process of using electrical energy in impact grinding machines. The set goal is achieved by solving the following problems: analyzing the energy of the grinding process, determining the parameters of raw materials and operating modes of the electric drive that affect the efficiency of electrical energy usage. Based on theoretical research, a mathematical model of energy consumption in grinding processes has been developed. Analytical studies of the resulting mathematical model showed the nonlinear extreme nature of the specific energy consumption of the grinding process with changing raw material parameters and operating modes. This creates the prerequisites both for using specific electrical energy costs as a control criterion and for the use a controlled electric drive to achieve maximum energy savings. The most important result is that the operating modes of grinding machines could be established by more efficient use of electrical energy. The significance of the work lies in the fact that by adapting the operating modes of the electric drive to the current parameters of the raw materials and the state of the equipment make possible to reduce the specific electrical energy consumption up to 15% and this is the basis for using a criterion based on specific costs in control systems for technological processes with grinding impact machines. For further application of the obtained results it is necessary to conduct experimental studies to confirm the increase in the efficiency of electrical energy use.

Research on optimization operation technology of QT oil pipeline based on the Heuristic algorithm

Global environmental problems have become increasingly prominent, and China, as one of the world’s major powers, should take action. China promises to achieve a “carbon peak” by 2030, and carbon dioxide emissions will no longer increase, and will gradually decrease after reaching the peak. To achieve “carbon neutrality” by 2060, all the carbon dioxide emissions will be offset by tree planting, energy saving and emission reduction. The optimization of pipeline energy consumption is also associated with it. In recent years, the transportation mode of the QT oil pipeline has changed from normal temperature transportation to heating transportation. The energy consumption of this transportation method mainly comes from heating furnaces and pumps. In order to reduce energy consumption and find a suitable pipeline operation plan, this article optimizes and analyzes the transformed QT oil pipeline under the premise of ensuring safe production. Based on programming software, this article establishes a corresponding mathematical model of energy consumption of the QT oil pipeline, and uses artificial bee colony algorithm, invasive weed algorithm and optimization algorithm based on biogeography to solve the model. The article innovatively introduces the speed of the variable frequency pump as a variable to study the energy consumption optimization problem of the oil pipeline, analyze the practical application of the oil pipeline of the QT oil pipeline, and obtains the best plan for the optimized operation of the oil pipeline of the QT oil pipeline It provided research basis and played a role in promoting the country’s dual-carbon goals.

Deep-Sleep for Stateful IoT Edge Devices

In an IoT (Internet of Things) system, the autonomy of battery-operated edge devices is of paramount importance. When such devices operate intermittently, reducing power consumption during standby improves such a characteristic. The deep-sleep operation mode obtains such a result: it keeps on power only the hardware needed to wake up the unit after a timeout or an external trigger. For this reason, deep sleep exhibits the issue of losing the working memory, which prevents its use with applications depending on long-lasting or stateful computations. A way to circumvent such an issue consists of saving a snapshot of the working memory on a remote repository. However, such a solution is not always convenient since it exhibits an energy footprint due to checkpoint transmission. This article analyzes the applicability of such a solution. Firstly, by comparing its energy footprint against keeping the working memory on power. The analysis follows a formal, technology-agnostic methodology based on a mathematical model for energy consumption. It yields a discriminant inequality identifying the use cases where remote checkpointing is of interest. Once justified the approach, the article proceeds by defining an architecture and a secure protocol for data transport and storage. Finally, the description of a prototype implementation provides concrete insights.

Motion Planning of Ground Simulator for Space Instable Target Based on Energy Saving

In order to achieve the high-precision motion trajectory in ground experiment of space instable target (SIT) while reducing the energy consumption of the motion simulator, a robot motion planning method based on energy saving is proposed. Observable-based ground robot motion experiment system for SIT is designed and motion planning process is illustrated. Discrete optimization mathematical model of energy consumption of motion simulator is established. The general motion form of the robot joints in ground test is given. The optimal joint path of motion simulator based on energy consumption under discontinuous singularity configuration is solved by constructing the complete energy consumption directed path and Dijkstra algorithm. An improved method by adding the global optimization algorithm is used to decouple the coupled robot joints to obtain the minimum energy consumption path under the continuous singularity configuration of the motion simulator. Simulations are carried out to verify the proposed solution. The simulation data show that total energy saving of motion simulator joints adopting the proposed method under the condition of non-singularity configuration, joints coupled motion with continuous singularity configuration, and coexistence of non-singularity path and continuous singularity path are, respectively, 72.67%, 28.24%, and 62.23%, which proves that the proposed method can meet the requirements of ground motion simulation for SIT and effectively save energy.

Energy-saving control of long-range autonomous underwater vehicle vertical plane based on human simulating intelligent control method

The long-range autonomous underwater vehicle is a new underwater vehicle with capability of stereoscopic observation of the ocean over a wide range of time series. This article proposed a novel control strategy for the long-range autonomous underwater vehicle considering the energy consumption. The vertical motion model of long-range autonomous underwater vehicle and the mathematical model of energy consumption of motion actuators are established in this article, and the maneuverability simulation experiments were carried out to analyze its motion and energy consumption characteristics. A hybrid controller based on human simulating intelligent control and S-plane control is designed. Considering the moment caused by the asymmetry of the hull in motion, an adaptive dynamic control allocation strategy is designed. Simulation experiments are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the scheme proposed.

An Improved Grey Wolf Optimizer Algorithm for Energy-Aware Service Composition in Cloud Manufacturing

Green and sustainable manufacturing is an inevitable development trend of manufacturing in the future, wherein low-energy consumption is regarded as a significant component. As an emerging manufacturing service system, cloud manufacturing (CMfg) is characterized by wide distribution, large quantity and complicated calling method for manufacturing services. Therefore, the energy consumption in the execution of composition service should be considered. However, few works related to energy consumption are focused on service composition at present. In response, this paper proposes an energy-aware service composition and optimal selection (EA-SCOS) model to ensure high-quality and low-energy consumption during the tasks. The mathematical model of energy consumption based on quality of service (QoS) is established, wherein the evaluation methods for manufacturing energy consumption and logistics energy consumption are described in detail. In order to solve the EA-SCOS problem effectively, a state-of-the-art algorithm which has been successfully applied in other fields, named grey wolf optimizer (GWO), is introduced. In addition, two key improvements for GWO are proposed to ensure the accuracy of solution. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of improved GWO (IGWO) are verified by a comparative study with GWO, genetic algorithm (GA) and max–min ant system (MMAS). Simulation results show that the proposed model is valid for reducing service energy consumption. Moreover, the improved strategies have obvious, positive effect on the accuracy of solutions and the performance of IGWO for addressing EA-SCOS problem is obviously better than the other three algorithms.

Problems of optimizing the energy consumption of households in the tasks of improving the energy efficiency of the housing sector

The aim of the work is to study the problem of optimizing energy consumption and practical application of methods for improving energy efficiency in the housing sector. Optimization of energy efficiency management allows to reduce the expenditure of energy resources in the performance of various works, heating of buildings, etc. The creation of optimization methods will make it possible to reduce payments for utilities in a short time, and in general for the industry, will help reduce the consumption of various resources and improve the ecological state of the region. Unlike other approaches, the emphasis in this paper is on the convenience and simplicity necessary for using this technique by the population in households. The proposed integrated approach uses methods of probability theory, linear programming, heat exchange models. The conducted research confirms the effectiveness of the solution obtained and can serve as a basis for the creation of training and research stands. The article consists of two parts: the first part analyzes the leading works in this field and identifies the reasons that make it difficult to apply the solutions proposed in these papers. Further, the statement of the problem was proposed and justified, and a number of basic requirements to the mathematical model of energy consumption, necessary for the constructed technique to be used to optimize energy consumption in households, were formulated. In the second part, a mathematical model of their functioning is proposed using examples of specific household electrical appliances. When researching existing methods for optimizing energy consumption in households, problems were identified that were difficult to apply these methods in practice and recommendations were obtained that allowed to formulate the basic principles of constructing an optimization technique that was convenient for practical application. It was shown that when constructing such a technique, the primary question is the data that the user can provide. The minimum composition of input data was determined, according to which the necessary algorithms for optimizing energy consumption were designed. A number of algorithms for determining some input indicators that are easy to use in households have also been proposed. Thus, the general plan of research in this paper is as follows: • carry out grouping of devices by the way of setting functional requirements; • determine the acceptable composition and type of input data for the user; • define the minimum set of input data for formalizing the limitation of the total power consumption; • design optimization algorithms that work with the input data specified above. The most important results of the work performed are the following: • the methodology for forecasting the graph of the maximum total power consumption has been developed. • methods for optimizing energy consumption for each of the selected subsets of household appliances have been developed. • the optimization algorithms obtained have been simulated, which showed their operability, efficiency and the possibility of their practical application without any adaptation. Thus, the article proposes the solution of the problem of optimization of energy consumption in the housing sector, oriented to practical application.

Mathematical formulation of energy efficient routing with constraint in mobile ad hoc network

Energy consumption of nodes during the transmission is an important factor for the efficiency and lifetime of a mobile ad hoc network. The reduction in consumption of energy can be achieved, only when its consumption at each step is known. The purpose of this paper is to formulate the mathematical model of energy consumption of network on the basis on links and available nodes in order to formulate the energy optimization function. The probability of link failure in route and innetwork have been taken into consideration as constraints while formulating the objective function of estimated energy consumption, as the low connectivity is one of the challenges due to mobility in ad hoc network.

Selection Methodology of Energy Consumption Model Based on Data Envelopment Analysis

AbstractThe energy efficiency monitoring methods in industry are based on statistical modeling of energy consumption. In the present paper, the widely used method of energy efficiency monitoring “Monitoring and Targeting systems” has been considered, highlighting one of the most important issues — selection of the proper mathematical model of energy consumption. The paper gives a list of different models that can be applied in the corresponding systems. The numbers of criteria that estimate certain characteristics of the mathematical model are represented. The traditional criteria of model adequacy and the “additional” criteria, which allow estimating the model characteristics more precisely, are proposed for choosing the mathematical model of energy consumption in “Monitoring and Targeting systems”. In order to provide the comparison of different models by several criteria simultaneously, an approach based on Data Envelopment Analysis is proposed. Such approach allows providing a more accurate and reliable energy efficiency monitoring.

An investigation on life-cycle energy consumption and carbon emissions of building space heating and cooling systems

Building space heating and cooling system built-in the town's infrastructure is an important factors for building energy consumption and carbon emission source. In order to understand the roles of building energy system in the global warming, this paper established a mathematical model of energy consumption and carbon emission for the building energy system. Two district heating systems for residential buildings and nine space heating and cooling systems for public buildings were selected to analyze their energy consumption, carbon emission and economy based on a calculating model. The results showed that the two residential building cases B01 and B02 of life-cycle carbon emissions are 743.60 kg/m2 and 620.98 kg/m2, the public building cases B03∼bl1 of life-cycle carbon emissions are 800.15–1377.85 kg/m2. Equipment materials production, installation and maintenance phase embodied energy and carbon emissions proportion reached up to 6%∼14%, energy conservation and emissions reduction potential should not be neglected. The application of some renewable energy reaches a certain effect of energy conservation and emissions reduction in building, but the life cycle cost of emission reduction is much higher than carbon tax in China.

Study on Energy Efficient Operation of Air-Conditioning Cooling Water System

The control logic of frequency adjustment for pump and cooling tower fan has been presented in this paper, based on the operation mode of a chiller with one pump and one cooling tower. Optimum outlet water temperature control of cooing tower has been put forward through analysis and comparison among factors influencing it, based on measured data. A mathematical model of energy consumption has been established under different outdoor wet-bulb temperature and load rate conditions. The optimized controlling strategy has been obtained after the analysis on energy consumption under two different operational strategies with different number of cooling towers in service. In partial load condition, the best operation mode of cooling water system is the optimal water outlet temperature control system, which aims at the lowest comprehensive system energy consumption. Cooling water system can match the best temperature difference and determine the fan frequency according to optimum outlet temperature automatically. Variable frequency control should be applied to fans; meanwhile, routing maintenance and cleaning is also needed for an even distribution of water and effective use of heat exchange area.

PSPLIB-ENERGY: a extension of PSPLIB library to assess the energy optimization in the RCPSP

Scheduling problems is one of the core areas in the planning and development of any project, with a wide applicability to real-world situations. Due to the high complexity of these problems, the solving process is often based on metaheuristics techniques, so that the evaluation of these methods is empirical. Therefore benchmarks, which provide a set of test cases to assess the behavior of algorithms, are generated. This paper extends the PSPLIB library. This extension incorporates to each instance of RCPSP (Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem), a realistic mathematical model of energy consumption. This proposal provides an alternative to the current trend in the eld of optimization and manufacturing that requires the inclusion of components and methods that reduce the environmental impact in the process of decision making. Finally a new optimality criterion is proposed to compare dierent search techniques. The PSPLIB-ENERGY is available at http://gps. webs.upv.es/psplib-energy/.

The problems of selection of optimal mathematical model of energy consumption at industrial enterprises

The determination of so called “standards” of energy consumption is one of the most essential stages of creation and efficient operation of energy consumption control systems that are widely used in foreign practice and are known in Ukraine as energy consumption control and planning systems. This “standard”, in general, is a more or less complex mathematical model of fuel or energy consumption by certain technological objects (plant, unit, and processing line) depending on key criteria essentially affecting energy use of such object. It is proposed to use multi-criteria optimization method in order to obtain the best mathematical model. The situations, when one mathematical model is more accurate according to generalized additive criterion, while the other one is accurate according to multiplicative criterion, arise in the process of selection of optimal mathematical model, applying the criteria of equal significance. In this case, it does not ensure unique determination of optimal energy consumption mathematical model. It is proposed to introduce a decisive generalized morphological criterion for “n” number of criterion cases in order to distinguish necessary model, concerning the precision of its description of incoming data for industrial enterprises using different types of resources.