Maternal Child-rearing Attitudes Research Articles

The Influences of Maternal Child-rearing Attitudes towards Children’s Stress, Resilience, and Adjustment to Early Childhood Educational Centers

The Influences of Maternal Child-rearing Attitudes towards Children’s Stress, Resilience, and Adjustment to Early Childhood Educational Centers

Association between Maternal Childrearing Attitudes Perceived by Female Nursing Students and Their Stress-Coping Strategies / Mental Health in Late Adolescence

Association between Maternal Childrearing Attitudes Perceived by Female Nursing Students and Their Stress-Coping Strategies / Mental Health in Late Adolescence

어머니 양육태도에 대한 어머니와 청소년 간의 지각차이 및 관련변인

어머니 양육태도에 대한 어머니와 청소년 간의 지각차이 및 관련변인

The Relationship of Mother-Child Attachment on Academic Stress Perceived by Elementary School Student: The Meditating Effects of Maternal Child-Rearing Attitude

The Relationship of Mother-Child Attachment on Academic Stress Perceived by Elementary School Student: The Meditating Effects of Maternal Child-Rearing Attitude

The Influence of the Maternal Child Rearing Attitudes on the Symbolization of the Subject : Centering on the cases of novels and movies

부모 양육태도에 따른 아이들의 발달 양태에 대한 다양한 의견들이 보고되고 있다. 이 가운데 어머니의 양육태도 또는 양육행동이 특화되어 보고되는 경우는 양육과정에서 맺어지는 어머니와 아이의 1차적 관계가 아이의 건강한 성장 발달에 가장 중요한 의미를 가지기 때문이다. 여기서는 이 과정을 ‘어머니의 욕망’과 ‘주체의 상징화’라는 두 개의 바퀴로 풀어보고 있다. 특히 어머니 욕망의 발현 양태를 부모양육태도의 4가지 기준 중 권위형을 제외한, 독재형 어머니, 허용형 어머니, 방임형 어머니의 양육태도와 이것이 자녀의 주체화 형성 과정에 어떻게 관여하고 기능하는지를 살피는데 글의 목적을 두었다. 특히 라깡이 제시했던 도식들 중 오브제 a 와 타자와의 관계 모형을 비틀어 각각의 양육태도에서 이것들이 어떻게 다른 모습으로 나타나는지 살펴보았다. 그 결과, ‘독재형 어머니’가 어떻게 주체인 아들의 욕망을 삼켜버리는지, 또 어머니 입장에서 타자인 아들의 욕망은 왜 단지 ‘희미한 선’으로만 ‘짐작되는지’ 그리고, 그 속에서 ‘아들-주체’의 상징화는 어떤 모습을 보이는지 알게 되었다. 또, ‘허용형’과 ‘방임형 어머니’ 역시 ‘아들-타자’와의 관계에서 자신들의 욕망을 어떤 방식으로 현현(顯現)하며 ‘아들-타자’는 그 관계 속에서 자신의 주체화와 상징화를 어떻게 형성하고 있는지를 짚어 보았다. 연구를 위해 사용된 텍스트는 소설 『사라진 소녀들』, 그래픽 노블 『바늘땀』, 영화와 소설로 나온 『고백』으로 한다.

The effects of infants' individual characteristics, experience of child care center, and maternal child-rearing attitude on infants' playfulness

The effects of infants' individual characteristics, experience of child care center, and maternal child-rearing attitude on infants' playfulness

Mediating Effect of Differentiation of Self on the Association between Negative Maternal Child-Rearing Attitude and Hostility of Adolescent

Mediating Effect of Differentiation of Self on the Association between Negative Maternal Child-Rearing Attitude and Hostility of Adolescent

African American Mothers’ Disciplinary Responses: Associations with Family Background Characteristics, Maternal Childrearing Attitudes, and Child Manageability

Eighty-nine African American mothers of preschoolers reported on their levels of family stress, attitudes about and use of specific disciplinary responses, and their expected outcomes for their children as a result of each type. Independently, teachers reported on the children’s manageability in the preschool classroom. Results indicated that mothers reported more negotiation than coercion. However, when mothers used coercion, they reportedly did so because they believed that it was the only way that they could get their children to behave, negotiation was negatively associated with maternal endorsement of traditional childrearing attitudes. On the other hand, mothers who experienced high levels of family stress tended to use privilege withdrawal as their disciplinary method of choice. Although family income was generally unrelated to the study variables, lower income and less educated mothers were less likely than other mothers to believe that spanking is associated with negative outcomes for children. Overall, these results support the idea that African American parents’ conceptions of discipline are influenced by individual family characteristics, such as stress, endorsement of traditional versus modern ideas of parenting, and expectations about their children’s responses to specific disciplinary techniques.

초등학생의 안전사고, 충동성 및 어머니의 양육태도와의 상관관계

본 연구는 초등학생의 안전사고와 충동성 및 어머니의 양육태도와의 상관관계를 파악하여 초등학생의 안전사고 예방을 위한 프로그램개발에 기초 자료를 제공하기 위하여 시도되었다. 연구대상자는 초등학생 558명으로 자가설문지를 활용하였고, 자료수집은 2010년 11월 15일부터 24일까지 이었다. 안전사고 발생율은 대상자의 51.5%로 나타났으며, 장소로는 학교와 집주변에서 가장 많이 발생하였다. 대상자의 안전사고발생은 성별, 학년과 학교생활태도에 따라서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 대상자의 안전사고 발생은 어머니의 양육태도에서 권위주의적 통제 태도, 과보호적 태도, 성취적 태도와 유의한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 충동성과는 유의성이 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과로는, 초등학생들의 안전사고를 예방하기 위한 교육프로그램이 요구되며, 어머니의 양육태도에 대한 변화가 필요함을 확인하였다. This aim of the study intended to investigate the relationship among safety accident, impulsiveness and maternal child-rearing attitude of elementary students. The study was also done to acquire basic information on safety education program to help students be more aware of safety. A research was conducted from November 15 to 24, 2010 by means of self-report questionnaires distributed to 558 elementary students. Safety accident occurrence of subject is 51.3%, and the most frequent place was on school and home around. The safety accident occurrence was statistically significant difference according to students' gender, grade and the level of school life attitude. The safety accident occurrence correlated positively with authoritarian control, overprotection, and achievement, as defined maternal child-rearing attitude, and not with impulsiveness. The results of this study indicate that safety education program are needed to prevent the safety accidents, and to change the maternal child-rearing attitude of elementary students.

Postnatal depression and associated parenting indicators among Vietnamese women

AbstractIntroductionPostnatal depression is a serious mental health problem. In low‐income countries, there has been only limited research investigating the direct link between childrearing attitude and maternal mood. The present study sought to determine the prevalence of probable depressive state among mothers in Vietnam, and to examine its risk factors with respect to social support and maternal childrearing attitude.MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted in 299 consecutive mothers who visited Tu Du Obstetrical and Gynecological Hospital, a tertiary hospital, for regular check‐up between one and three months postpartum. The questionnaire was administered by trained pediatricians in October through December 2007. Depression was assessed using a two‐question case‐finding instrument for depression.ResultsSixty‐eight of the 294 (23.1%) mothers of singletons were assessed as having probable depressive state. Parental and familial conflict and recent moving was strongly associated with probable depressive state. In terms of childrearing attitude, the following factors increased risk of probable depressive state of mothers; lack of confidence (adjusted odds ratio = 2.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.40–5.38), and less relaxed feeing (adjusted odds ratio = 2.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.21–6.71) after controlling for subjective health.DiscussionMothers who felt unconfident and were less relaxed in childrearing were more likely to report a probable depressive state. Social support factors may have played a role in the depression. A brief screening tool for depression is useful to identify mothers in need of additional support in childrearing.

Menstrual Attitudes and Maternal Child Rearing Attitudes in Middle School Female Students

This correlational study was performed to identify the impacts of maternal child rearing attitudes on the menstrual attitudes and the determinants of positive menstrual attitudes in female middle school students. With convenience sampling, 198 middle school female students were recruited living in one major city and its surrounding areas in Korea. Data was collected using a self administered questionnaire including menstrual attitudes and maternal child rearing attitudes from April 1 to July 15, 2008. Among the Maternal child rearing attitudes, affectionate, achievement oriented and rational attitudes had positive correlations to a positive menstrual attitude, and an autonomous attitude had a negative correlation to a negative menstrual attitude. As determinants of positive menstrual attitudes, feeling of menarche, mother's response at first menstruation, and rational maternal child rearing attitudes were delineated and their explained variance for a positive menstrual attitude was 18.5%. There was no difference on menstrual attitudes by K clustering in terms of maternal child rearing attitudes. These results support the critical role of the mother. Especially desirable maternal child rearing attitudes in relation to a positive menstrual attitude would be affectionate, achievement oriented and rational for early adolescent girls. In further studies, considerations are needed for menstruation related education and research for early adolescents and active involvement of the mother & daughter together.

Child-Rearing Attitudes and Cardiovascular Risk among Children: Moderating Influence of Parental Socioeconomic Status

Background. We examined associations of parental socioeconomic status (SES) and hostile maternal child-rearing attitudes with the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) precursors in children. Methods. The participants were 210 randomly selected healthy boys and girls who participated in the epidemiological Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study and who were 3, 6, and 9 years of age at the three study phases. Hostile maternal child-rearing attitudes were self-rated by the mothers. SES consisted of the years of education of the parents and family income. The IRS comprised serum insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index. Results. Among boys, low parental SES and strict maternal discipline were associated with heightened somatic risk. Among girls, parental SES moderated the association between maternal child-rearing attitudes and somatic risk so that belonging to a high-SES family seemed to protect the girls against the adverse health effects of hostile mothering. Conclusions. The findings indicate that the psychosocial environment is differentially related to girls' and boys' somatic risk. It is concluded that belonging to high social class may buffer against childhood stress, while belonging to low social class may enhance vulnerability to stressors in childhood.

Perceived Difficult Temperament, Hostile Maternal Child-Rearing Attitudes and Insulin Resistance Syndrome Precursors among Children: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study

Background: We prospectively examined the relationship between latent constructs of perceived difficult temperament and hostile maternal child-rearing attitudes on the one hand, and the cluster of multiple cardiovascular risk factors comprising the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) on the other. Methods: A 3-year follow-up study of 451 randomly selected healthy children was used. The temperament of the children and maternal child-rearing attitudes were self-rated by the mothers. The physiological parameters measured were serum insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, body-mass index and subscapular skinfold thickness. We analyzed the data using structural equation models that involved specific paths allowing separation, and tests of both unique and common (latent) aspects of measured variables. Results: Among boys we found a cross-lagged effect between the latent constructs of perceived difficult temperament and IRS, as well as 1 specific effect from hostile maternal child-rearing attitudes to HDL-C. Among girls there were 6 specific effects from specific measures of perceived temperamental difficultness or hostile maternal child-rearing attitudes that influenced the IRS or its components. Conclusions: The findings suggest that temperament and maternal child-rearing attitudes may contribute to the early development of the IRS in a gender-specific way among children, thereby potentially increasing the risk of coronary heart disease later in life.

The Influence of Maternal Child-Rearing Attitudes and Teaching Behaviors on Preschoolers' Delay of Gratification

This study was an exploratory examination of the influence of mothers' teaching behaviors, strategies, and child-rearing attitudes on their children's ability to delay gratification. In an externally imposed delay of gratification situation, 30 mothers from a rural university community taught their children strategies that could help them refrain from touching a brightly wrapped present when the mothers left the room. Results showed that mothers of children who did not delay gratification exhibited teaching behaviors and child-rearing attitudes consistent with a permissive parenting style, whereas mothers of children who did delay gratification exhibited teaching behaviors and child-rearing attitudes consistent with an authoritative parenting style. The results of this study are discussed with respect to the development of children's self-control and self-regulatory abilities.

Maternal authoritative and authoritarian attitudes and mother–child interactions and relationships in urban China

The purpose of the study was to examine how maternal authoritative and authoritarian attitudes were manifested in mother–child interactions and relationships in Chinese culture. A sample of 2-year-old children and their mothers ( N= 166) in Beijing and Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, participated in the study. Information on maternal child-rearing attitudes and mother–child attachment relationships was obtained from mothers’ reports. Data concerning maternal parenting strategies, child behaviours, and child reactions to maternal reunion were collected from observations. The results indicated that maternal authoritative attitudes were associated with low power parenting strategies, whereas maternal authoritarian attitudes were associated with enforcement and prohibitory strategies. It was also found that maternal attitudes were associated with child behaviours through the mediation of parenting strategies. However, maternal attitudes might contribute uniquely to mother–child relationships, over and above maternal behaviours. The study provided evidence on the internal coherence of authoritative and authoritarian patterns and their differential significance for child development in urban China.

Maternal Child-Rearing Attitudes and Role Satisfaction and Children's Temperament as Antecedents of Adolescent Depressive Tendencies: Follow-up Study of 6- to 15-Year-Olds

Development of depressive tendencies was assessed over a 9-year period in a random sample of 389 Finnish children. Predictors of maternal role satisfaction and hostile child-rearing attitudes, assessed when the children were ages 6 and 9 years, respectively, and a temperament predictor of perceived child difficultness, assessed when the children were age 6 years, were measured using questionnaires designed for this study. Depressive tendencies were assessed by a self-report at age 15 (modification of Beck's Depression Inventory). Using structural equation modeling, we tested a hypothesized model comprising direct as well as mediated effects between the childhood predictor variables and adolescent depressive tendencies. The results indicated support for a similar mediational model in girls and boys. Low maternal role satisfaction and maternal perceptions of child difficultness, measured when children were age 6 years, predicted hostile maternal child-rearing attitudes measured when children were age 9 years, which in turn had a significant direct effect on depressive tendencies among these children during adolescence. The only other direct effect was found solely in girls: Low maternal role satisfaction predicted adolescent depressive tendencies. These results underline the close interplay of child temperament and mothering factors in the development of depressive tendencies in girls and boys.

Development of Temperament: Childhood Temperament and the Mother's Childrearing Attitudes as Predictors of Adolescent Temperament in a 9-Year Follow-Up Study

Development of temperament dimensions of activity, sociability, and negative emotionality were studied in a random sample of 386 6-year old children over a 9-year period. Childhood temperament dimensions and the mother's childrearing attitudes were measured at age 6 and at age 9 by mother's report, and self-reports of adolescent temperament were obtained at age 15. The structural modeling analyses indicate that the development of temperament may be a function of both sex-differentiated maternal childrearing attitudes as well as constitutional behavioral factors. First, the sex-differentiated role of maternal disciplinary style was found: The mother's low level of strict disciplinary style in childhood predicted a low level of negative emotionality in girls, and a high level of strict disciplinary style predicted low sociability and high negative emotionality in boys. Second, heterotypic behavioral continuity was indicated in girls for adolescent sociability that was predicted by childhood sociability, and...

Childhood temperament and mother's child-rearing attitudes: stability and interaction in a three-year follow-up study

Stability and interactions between children's behavioural styles (i.e. the temperament dimensions sociability, negative emotionality, and activity) and maternal child-rearing attitudes were studied in a random sample of 507 three-year-old children over a three-year interval. Structural equation modelling indicated low to moderate stability for children's temperament dimensions and mothers’ child-rearing attitudes. In addition, gender-specific interactions were found. In boys, negative emotionality and low sociability potentiated a strict disciplinary style of the mother, whereas activity was more likely to be stimulated by a mother's low tolerance towards the child. By contrast, in girls a mother's strict disciplinary style predicted negative emotionality and low sociability, whereas the girl's activity predicted a strict disciplinary style of the mother. These findings underline the close interaction between temperament and mothering during childhood. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Maternal child-rearing attitudes, IQ, and socioeconomic status as related to cognitive abilities of five-year-old children.

The effects of maternal child-rearing attitudes, as measured by the Child Rearing Practices Report, on 5-yr.-old children's Verbal IQ and Performance IQ were investigated in a Scandinavian sample of 108 boys and 126 girls. The maternal child-rearing attitude of Restrictiveness, as defined by scores on the Report, showed negative relations to the cognitive measures. However, the significant negative relation between Restrictiveness and Verbal IQ, obtained for both sexes, disappeared when the effects of maternal IQ and socioeconomic status were controlled. The maternal child-rearing attitude of Nurturance, as defined by scores on the Report, was significantly related to Verbal IQ and Performance IQ for boys only. Significant relationships between scores on Nurturance and cognitive abilities of boys remained when the effects of maternal IQ and socioeconomic status were controlled.

A short-term longitudinal study of the early development of self-regulation.

A short-term longitudinal study was conducted to determine whether self-regulation at 4 years could be predicted from child and maternal measures obtained when the children were age 24 months. The subjects were 69 children and their mothers drawn from the general community. Criterion behaviors assessed at 4 years were those suggestive of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Of the 24-month child measures, maternal ratings of the child's impulsivity and attention span, plus an objective measure of delay ability, were the most effective predictors. Maternal negativity, as assessed in mother-child interaction, predicted the criterion behaviors, even after the child's behavior as an elicitor of maternal behavior was controlled. Maternal child-rearing attitudes on the dimensions of warmth and aggravation were also effective predictors, even after controlling for the child's emotionality as a possible determinant of maternal attitudes. It is argued that the results with the maternal attitude measures provide support for the hypothesis that maternal behavior is a contributor to the development of self-regulation.