Volume Of Material Research Articles

In-process evaluation of layer defects and surface topography on Material Extruded parts through a novel point cloud functional analysis

Abstract Material Extrusion (MEX) is one of the most used Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, thanks to its appealing in various industrial fields. Despite its numerous advantages, process quality remains an issue when compared to other, more established technologies. In-process monitoring has become fundamental to meet the tight requirements of precision industries. 
In this work, a novel MEX monitoring methodology based on point-cloud functional analysis was tested and discussed. Using a blue-laser line profilometer integrated into a consumer 3D printer, the point cloud of each layer was obtained immediately after its completion and subsequently analysed. Functional analysis tools were employed to characterize the surface topography and assess the distribution of material and voids to detect defects. Common defective conditions in the form of excess or lack of deposited material, referred to as overfill and underfill, respectively, were induced by varying printing parameters and the specimen’s cross-section. After slicing the layer surface according to specified height thresholds, functional parameters, such as the Projected Percentage Area (PPA), void and material volume percentage, and void and material mean thickness were computed and analysed. Results indicated that the PPA values effectively depicted the overall surface conditions and were suitable for enabling corrective actions through the contour extraction of the defective regions. Meanwhile, the percentage volume and mean thickness of voids and material, referred to as functional parameters, provided more detailed insights into the morphology of the layer surface and the detected defects.


Quantitative crack evaluation in slender reinforced concrete walls with rectangular section

Past earthquakes have shown that cracking affects post-earthquake functionality and accounted for huge repair costs for reinforced concrete (RC) wall buildings, even though the code-compliant seismic design prevents collapse. Engineers should know the maximum residual flexural crack width and volume of repair material needed for the flexural cracks to determine the damage degree and the repair cost. This paper presents the experimental campaign on four RC slender walls that investigated the effect of confining reinforcement and thickness of the wall on flexural crack parameters under quasi-static reversed cyclic loading. The width of all flexural cracks was measured when reaching each cycle peak drift and when unloading to zero lateral loads. Crack widths at peak and residual states increased with increasing peak drift. Based on the experimental observations, it was found that the maximum residual crack width is obtained as a simple function of the extreme tension fiber elongation of the wall tensile fiber within ±30% error. In addition, this paper outlines methods to calculate the volume of repair material for flexural cracks from the extreme tension fiber elongation of the wall. With the fundamental rules found from the experiment in this paper, it will become possible to obtain the maximum crack width and the volume of repair material from simple numerical analysis tools such as a multi-spring line element model.

Machining Performance of Ti6Al4V Nano Composites Processed at Al2O3 Nano Particles Mixed Minimum Quantity Lubrication Condition

Introduction: In this research work, an attempt was made to machine Ti6Al4V nano composites utilizing Al2O3 mixed nano fluid at minimum quantity lubrication condition, in which experiments were designed using the L16 orthogonal array, whereas Material Removal Rate, Surface Roughness, machining force and power were recorded as responses. Methods: The nano composites were fabricated using the stir casting technique and the nano particles were synthesized using the sol-gel technique. the microstructure revealed that the homogeneous dispersion of particles with dendric arms. Increased cutting speed and feed lead to more tool wear, which in turn causes a decrease in surface quality and an increase in surface roughness. Results: Larger areas of cut are often the consequence of higher feed rates, which increases the amount of friction between the work piece and the cutting edge. The machining force increases when the feed rate is increased. A higher feed rate produces a large volume of the cut material in a given length of time in addition to having a dynamic impact on the cutting forces. Conclusion: It also results in a corresponding increase in the typical contact stress at the tool chip interface and in the tool chip contact zone.

Effects of CaO-based expansive agent on carbonation resistance of marine concrete

Marine concrete contains a high volume of supplementary cementitious materials, which benefits low-carbon concrete production. However, they may also increase the risk of cracking and accelerate the carbonation due to the pozzolanic reaction. Theoretically, the CaO-based expansive agent (CEA) can inhibit shrinkage cracks and introduce external calcium sources that aid in the carbonation resistance of concrete. A comprehensive understanding of the impact of CEA on the carbonation resistance of marine concrete is currently scarce.In this study, marine concretes with varying dosages of CEA were exposed to 20% CO2 for 28 days. The carbonation depth, carbonation coefficient, air permeability, pore structure characteristics and CO2 buffer capacity of concrete were investigated. When the CEA dosage was less than 6%, the carbonation resistance and air permeability approached the reference groups in normal-strength concrete (NSC) and high-strength concrete (HSC). However, more than 6% CEA significantly decreased the carbonation resistance of concrete, particularly for HSC. For NSC, there was an excellent correlation between the carbonation coefficient and compressive strength, while for HSC, the carbonation coefficient correlated well with porosity. Also, CO2 buffer capacity was essential to assess the carbonation resistance of marine concrete.

Comparison of pathomorphologic properties of non-resorbable and partially resorbable implants for reconstructive surgery of pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence: an animal model study

Introduction. It is well-known that the use of transvaginal mesh implants is not devoid of specific complications that meaningfully impair the quality of life of female patients. The volume of permanent material used has been shown to correlate closely with the risk of implant-associated complications. Thus, there is a need to develop a new generation of implants that retain the advantages of a permanent mesh implant but with minimal risk of implant-associated complications. Meanwhile, there are insufficient data on the organism's response to this type of synthetic implant.Objective. To compare the histological changes in the soft tissues of the rabbit anterior abdominal wall in the implantation zone of the new generation partially resorbable implant and non-absorbable polypropylene mesh implant on the animal model.Materials & methods. We have previously developed a partially resorbable ligature delivery system for axial fixation of pelvic floor structures, performed technical analysis, and compared biomechanical and pathomorphological properties after implantation in an animal model experiment. The present study was conducted on 39 male rabbits of Chinchilla breed, randomised into three groups according to the type of implanted material: a partially resorbable ligature delivery system Axilen and Axilen Rapid [Lintex, LLC], and a non-resorbable polypropylene mesh implant Urosling. After the rabbits were removed from the experiment, the obtained biomaterial was subjected to histological study.Results. In the group with partially resorbable implants Axilen and Axilen Rapid, less inflammation and better tissue integration were observed compared to the polypropylene implant Urosling. This indicates a potential reduction in the risk of postoperative complications and an improvement in the quality of life for patients.Conclusion. The results of the experimental study confirm the advantages of using partially resorbable implants over traditional polypropylene meshes in pelvic floor reconstructive surgery. However, further research is needed to confirm the long-term safety and effectiveness of the new generation of implants.

Multitextuality in RPGs: a ludonarrative synergy model for video game text analysis

The article presents the textual potential of games and distinguishes between the types of texts in text-heavy video games. Text types are categorized according to the diegetic/non-diegetic situation vis-à-vis the game world and primary text function. It is assumed that role-playing games (RPGs) such as Divinity: Original Sin 2 (Larian Studios, 2017) encompass a greater volume of textual material. The proposed corpus analysis model is based on the concept of ludonarrative synergy, text and discourselinguistics, and methods of natural language processing (NLP) and computational linguistics. Two-level text analysis using Python examines the validity of categorizing game texts according to an extended diegetic/nondiegeticmodel.

DETERMINATION OF SUBSIDENCE PROFILES OF THE RAILWAY AND HIGHWAY EMBANKMENTS FOUNDATIONS, DAMS AND LEVEES MADE OF SOIL MATERIALS

Purpose. Determination of foundations subsidence of railways, roads, and other embankments, as well as dams and levees made of soil materials during their design, construction, and operation, is mandatory. At the same time, if the foundation is composed of soils with a small modulus of general deformation (silt, peat, peaty, and similar soils), then not only the average subsidence and its unevenness should be determined, but also determine the profiles of subsidence outside the structures. This is because the subsidence of the foundation has the same order as the height of the embankment (dams, levees); therefore, when determining the additional volume of material required for the construction of an embankment (dams, levees), these deformations must be considered. The purpose of the article was to develop an algorithm for calculating the subsidence profiles of railways, roads, and other embankments, as well as dams and levees made of soil materials. Methodology. Theoretical studies of geomechanical processes using analytical and numerical mathematical methods. Analysis and generalization of theoretical research results. Findings. An algorithm is proposed that allows using simple analytical dependencies to determine those necessary for calculation and design, construction and operation parameters of the system "soil base of dams (levees) and embankments made of soil materials with a trapezoidal cross-section and a rigid core": – the lower limit of the compressed stratum; – subsidence of the foundation within the sole of the base of the dam, levees, or embankment. Originality. It is established that the foundation subsidence on the vertical passing through the center of the dam, levees, or embankment with a symmetrical profile is not less than the subsidence on the calculated verticals passing through any point of the dam, levees, or embankment with an asymmetric profile. Practical value. The main practical result of the work is a more complete (compared to the current regulatory documents) consideration of the features of subsidence of the system "dam, levees (or embankment) made of soil materials – soil base" with a significant reduction in the number of calculations. The results we obtained allow us to determine those necessary for the calculation, design, construction, and operation of dams, levees and embankments made of soil materials characteristics.

Optimal design of double-level guyed towers against buckling

This paper is concerned with the optimal design of double-level guyed towers against buckling with a given material volume. The double-level guyed tower is simplified as a lateral braced column considering the pre-tensioned cable stiffness. The buckling criterion for double-level guyed towers is then analytically derived based on a matrix stiffness method (MSM) that enables the use of one element per member for an exact solution. Optimal designs of double-level guyed towers under various base fixity factors are obtained through an optimization procedure involving two decision variables: the height ratio and the cross-sectional area ratio between the upper level and the lower level. Optimization results indicate that pinned-ended double-level guyed towers achieve their maximum buckling load at a height ratio of 1.19 and a cross-sectional area ratio of 1.19. In contrast, fixed-ended towers achieve their maximum buckling load with a height ratio of 0.70 and a cross-sectional area ratio of 1.13. Transitioning from pinned to fixed base conditions increases the maximum buckling load by approximately 1.52 times. Design recommendations for double-level guyed towers are further presented.

Theoretical Analysis of Shaft Wall Damage and Failure Under Impacting of Ore-Rock Falling in Vertical Ore Pass

The impact of ore-rock blocks on the shaft wall of a vertical ore pass is a crucial cause of shaft wall damage and failure. Based on the structure and parameters of the ore pass in a case mine, the first collision’s position of the ore-rock block with respect to the ore pass wall and the angle between the impacting direction of the ore-rock block and the horizontal plane before and after the collision are investigated via a kinematic analysis. The normal and tangential analysis models of ore rock impacting the shaft wall are established and analyzed based on contact mechanics. The results show that: (1) based on the kinematic analysis of ore rock moving in the ore pass and on the colliding condition of the ore-rock block the first time that it collides with the ore pass wall, the coordinates and angles of the collision are proposed; (2) the impacting process of ore rock is categorized into elastic compression, elastic–plastic compression, and rebound of the shaft wall material. The relationship between the normal impact force and the penetrating depth is determined, and the slipping distance of the ore-rock block along the shaft wall and the lost volume of the shaft material are established. (3) The wall material’s normal, tangential, and total restitution coefficient is acquired. (4) The total lost volume during the collision is obtained through the analysis and solution of the model. (5) Based on the characteristics and parameters of the ore pass in the case mine, the influence of the impact velocity and angle of the ore-rock block on the restitution coefficient, maximum normal intrusion depth, maximum tangential displacement, and volume loss of the shaft wall are analyzed by using relevant formulas.

Real-World Data Simulation Comparing GHG Emissions and Operational Performance of Two Sweeping Systems

Background: In northern countries, spring requires the removal of large volumes of abrasive materials used in winter road maintenance. This sweeping process, crucial for safety and environmental protection, has traditionally relied on conventional mechanical brooms. Recent technological innovations, however, have introduced more efficient and environmentally friendly sweeping solutions; Methods: This study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the environmental and operational performance of these innovative sweeping systems versus conventional methods. Using simulation models based on real-world data and integrating fuel consumption models, the analysis replicates sweeping behaviors to assess both operational and environmental performance. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using these models, focusing on key parameters such as the collection rate, the number of trucks, the payload capacity, and the truck unloading duration; Results: The results show that the innovative sweeping system achieves an average 45% reduction in GHG emissions per kilometer compared to the conventional system, consistently demonstrating superior environmental efficiency across all resources configurations; Conclusions: These insights offer valuable guidance for service providers by identifying effective resource configurations that align with both environmental and operational objectives. The approach adopted in this study demonstrates the potential to develop decision-making support tools that balance operational and environmental pillars of sustainability, encouraging policy decision-makers to adopt greener procurement policies. Future research should explore the integration of advanced technologies such as IoT, AI-driven analytics, and digital twin systems, along with life cycle assessments, to further support sustainable logistics in road maintenance.

Investigation of the effect of crystal size on the piezoelectric features of lead-free barium titanate ceramic using molecular dynamics simulation

This study investigated the piezoelectric properties of BaTiO3 ceramics with different sizes through molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that all samples reached thermal equilibrium at 300 K and equilibrium in potential energy within 10 ns, confirming effective equilibration. As the size of the ceramics increased, the mean square displacement and diffusion coefficients decreased from 0.217 and 0.0034 to 0.1934 Å2 and 0.003 Å2/ns, attributed to a more uniform microstructure with fewer defects, resulting in reduced ion mobility. Furthermore, saturation polarization, residual polarization, and coercive field values increased from 0.35, 0.1, and 0.175 to 0.42 C/m2, 0.16 C/m2, and 0.282 MV/m, respectively, with increasing sample size, highlighting enhanced polarization responses due to a greater volume of ferroelectric material. Larger barium titanate (BaTiO3) crystals can have better polarization due to more domains aligning, but they may not deform as much (lower strain) because the walls among those domains can’t move freely. While improved domain alignment contributed to higher polarization, the increased stress can restrict the mobility of the domain walls. These findings provided valuable insights into the size-dependent behavior of BaTiO3 ceramics, essential for optimizing their applications in electronic devices and sensors. The study underscored the importance of understanding microstructural effects on material properties for future advancements in ferroelectric technology.

The effect of humidity on the enhanced CO2 adsorption of amine-functionalized microporous activated carbon.

Cost-effective and environmentally friendly sorbents were created for capturing CO2 by incorporating monoethanolamine (MEA) and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) onto a microporous activated carbon (AC) material. The application of a KOH reagent enhanced the surface area and pore volume of the carbon material. The BET, SEM, EDX, and FTIR techniques were employed to analyze the structural and surface properties of the developed samples. Raw AC possessed the highest surface area and largest micropore volume equal to 786 m2/g and 0.33 cm3/g, respectively. The amine impregnation increased the nitrogen content of the carbon material, but it also significantly reduced the BET surface area and total pore volume, which are primarily responsible for physically adsorbing CO2 towards ACs. The CO2 adsorption performance of the raw and impregnated ACs was experimentally evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at different adsorption temperatures (25 and 50 °C) and CO2 concentrations (10 and 90 vol.%). The findings demonstrated that the raw AC exhibited the highest capacity for CO2 adsorption. Specifically, at a temperature of 25 °C and pressure of 1 bar (10 vol.% CO2, N2 balance), the raw AC achieved an uptake of 1.2 mmol/g, which was 60.3% and 79.3% higher compared to the CO2 uptake of MEA-AC (0.5 mmol/g) and TEPA-AC (0.3 mmol/g), respectively. It is surprising that the combined uptake of CO2 + H2O increased by 12.5 and 23.4 wt.% (equivalent to 7 and 13 mmol/g) for MEA-AC and TEPA-AC, respectively, when humid flue gas was taken into account under the conditions of 50 °C, with 10 vol.% CO2, 4 vol.% H2O, and N2 balance. These results indicate that the presence of H2O facilitates the chemisorption of CO2 by the novel and highly promising carbon-based sorbent prepared in this study, leading to an increased capacity for adsorbing CO2 under water vapor containing flue gases.

Nanoporous and IPN structural composite material of cyanate ester modified by hollow silica and polyimide

Cyanate ester resin (CE), a high-performance and low dielectric materials, was modified with amino hollow silica (HSMs-NH2) and polyimide resin (PI) to form an IPN structure. Reducing the crosslinking density of the composite system and accompanying with its steric hindrance effect, PI increased the free volume of the composite material. The hollow structure introduced by HSMs-NH2 further enhanced a low dielectric property. IPN structure and HSMs-NH2 also significantly improved the impact toughness of HSMs-NH2/PI/CE composites. The bonding between the Si–O–Si and HSMs-NH2 offered an excellent heat resistance and as well surface bonding capability to matrix, which reduced the decomposition and effectively improved their thermal stability. Simultaneously, profited by the hydrophobicity of Si–O–Si, HSMs-NH2/PI/CE composite materials enabled to keep low dielectric properties in humid environments.

Rapid and precise large area mapping of rare-earth doping homogeneity in luminescent materials

Doping of luminescent materials by rare-earth ions is common practice to achieve desired emission properties for a large variety of applications. As several rare-earths ions are frequently combined, it is subsequently difficult to effectively detect and control their homogeneous distribution within the host material. Here, we present a simple, rapid, large scale and precise method of rare-earth mapping using a commercial UV-Vis scanner. We discuss the influence of rare-earth distribution on the physical, optical and luminescent properties with no observable qualitative effect on photoluminescent properties and optical anisotropy. On the contrary, rare-earth-rich areas exhibit significantly higher values of refractive index and optical absorption, which allowed for their identification by the commercial scanner device. The presented method thus provides fast and accurate information about the rare-earth distribution in the material volume with high resolution (≈2.7 µm) and low limit of concentration difference detection (≈0.014 at.%) compared to other techniques, which makes it a promising candidate for high throughput measurements.

On the Peculiarities of Wire-Feed Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing (WEBAM) of Nickel Alloy–Copper Bimetal Nozzle Samples

In order to gain insight into the unique characteristics of manufacturing large-scale products with intricate geometries, experimental nozzle-shaped samples were created using wire-feed electron beam additive technology. Bimetal samples were fabricated from nickel-based alloy and copper. Two distinct approaches were employed, utilizing varying substrate thicknesses and differing fabrication parameters. The two approaches were the subject of analysis and comparison through the examination of the surface morphology of the samples using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. It has been demonstrated that the variation in heat flux distributions resulting from varying the substrate thicknesses gives rise to the development of disparate angles of grain boundary orientation relative to the substrate. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that suboptimal choice of the fabrication parameters results in large disparities in the crystallization times, both at the level of sample as a whole and within the same material volume. For example, for the sample manufacturing by Mode I, the macrostructure of the layers is distinguished by the presence of non-uniformity in their geometric dimensions and the presence of unmelted wire fragments. In order to characterize the experimental nozzle-shaped samples, microhardness was measured, uniaxial tensile tests were performed, and thermal diffusivity was determined. The microhardness profiles and the mechanical properties exhibit a higher degree of strength than those observed in pure copper samples and a lower degree of strength than those observed in Inconel 625 samples obtained through the same methodology. The thermal diffusivity values of the samples are sufficiently close to one another and align with the properties of the corresponding materials in their state after casting or rolling. The data discussed above indicate that Mode II yields the optimal mechanical properties of the sample due to the high cooling rate, which influences the structural and phase state of the resulting products. It was thus concluded that the experimental samples grown by Mode II on a thinner substrate exhibited the best formability.

Study on the skid resistance decay of submerged asphalt pavements based on texture parameters

It is well known that prolonged rainwater erosion can adversely affect the surface texture of asphalt pavements, leading to a rapid decline in their skid resistance. This study utilized a small-scale accelerated loading device, a high-precision 3D scanner, and digital image processing technology to investigate the surface texture wear process and skid resistance decay trends of basalt asphalt pavement and steel slag asphalt pavement under water erosion and traffic load. The results indicate that under submerged conditions, the skid resistance (BPN) of asphalt pavement declines rapidly during the first 500,000 load cycles, and the rate of decline gradually stabilizes after 500,000 cycles. After 1.2 million load cycles, the BPN of basalt pavement decreased by 28.10%, while that of steel slag pavement decreased by 21.18%, indicating that the skid resistance of steel slag pavement is significantly better than that of basalt pavement. Texture parameters—namely, root mean square height, peak material volume, core material volume, void volume of the core, and valley void volume—exhibited the same decay trend as BPN. The average correlation coefficients between BPN and texture parameters were 0.846, 0.848, 0.898, and 0.916, respectively, indicating that texture parameters can be used as evaluation indicators for skid resistance decay. Finally, the decay of pavement skid resistance was predicted using an exponential decay equation.

Impact of hydrothermal aging on microstructure transformation in Poly(L‐lactide) nonwovens under tension in condition close to a living organism

AbstractThe analysis of mechanical properties and structure of bioresorbable polymer nonwoven materials is an important area of research in the medical industry, the properties and structure of which directly affect the processes of cellular activity. In this work, the processes of reorganization of the fibrous microstructure of poly(l‐lactide) nonwoven materials under uniaxial tension in a water environment were investigated. The study which included volumetric ultrasound imaging, mechanical testing, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, and melting rate measurements was the first attempt to identify correlations between the mechanical behavior of fibrous meshes and changes in the supramolecular structure of the polymer during 3 months of hydrothermal aging T = 37°C. An increase in crystallinity by 4%, a shift of glass transition temperature by 4°C, and a 2 times increase in melt flow rate under hydrolysis were indicated degradation of the amorphous phase. Local degradation of the amorphous phase of fibers led to the formation of surface cracks, an increase in the number of microcracks during hydrothermal aging resulted in a decrease in the mobility of fibers in the volume of the nonwoven material and a decrease in the elasticity of the entire nonwoven material, which was revealed using the volume ultrasound imaging and optical microphotographs.

Facile Preparation and Study of Self-Healing Water-Absorbing Expanding Elastomers.

The absorbent expansion elastomer plays a crucial role in engineering sealing and holds a promising future in this field as infrastructure continues to develop. Traditional materials have their limitations, especially when used in large construction projects where the integrity and reliability of the material are of utmost importance. In this work, a self-healing water-absorbing expansion elastomer was developed for continuous production at a large scale to monitor the sealing conditions of massive infrastructure projects. At room temperature, the material exhibited a repairing efficiency of 57.77 % within 2 h, which increased to 84.02 % after 12 h. This extended reaction time allowed for effective repairs when defects were detected. The material's strength can attain 3 MPa, placing it at the upper echelon among common self-healing materials, thereby granting it a certain level of durability in its application environment. The material's volume expansion rate reached 200-400 % to achieve effective sealing, and the functional filling of the filler endowed the material itself with a favorable external force induction effect and prevented heat accumulation. The conductive detection performance of the absorbent expansion elastomer was improved by utilizing triple self-healing strategies, including dipole-dipole interaction, ion cross-linked network, and externally-aided restoration materials. These strategies were combined with a double packing strategy to enhance the material's properties. This innovative elastomer can be applied in various fields such as tunnel construction, infrastructure development, aerospace sealing, and railway transportation, showcasing significant potential for diverse engineering applications.

Women Politicians, Social Movements, and Misogyny in Democratic Struggles

In this essay, I investigate the relationship among women in politics, social movements, and misogyny through an examination of public discourse surrounding women politicians—in particular, Carrie Lam, the former chief executive of Hong Kong. The participants in a series of protests in Hong Kong against an anti-extradition bill that began in 2019 generated a large volume of audiovisual materials for the purpose of raising social consciousness, conducting civic education, and creating networks for solidarity. Many of these protest materials contained blatantly misogynistic messages targeting pro-establishment women politicians. I focus on women leaders to explore gender politics in social movements. In assessing the public discourse about Lam during the 2019 movement, I demonstrate that gender politics is consistently inscribed within social movements in postcolonial Hong Kong, in which context the progressive pursuit of democracy, self-determination, and freedom remains imbued with patriarchal culture, including paternalism. This patriarchal culture, unsurprisingly, combines seamlessly with sexism, misogyny, and a gendered imagination of the city’s possible political futures.

Effectiveness and impact factors of passive convergence-permeable reactive barrier (PC-PRB): Insights from tracer simulation study

Passive convergence-permeable reactive barrier (PC-PRB) represents a green and sustainable technology for in-situ remediation of contaminated groundwater. A laboratory-scale PC-PRB tracer simulation system was established to quantify its contaminant plume capture performance using image analysis method. Results indicate that PC-PRB captures the plume 65% wider than C-PRB, which means that fewer PRB sizes and materials volume would be necessary to treat an equivalent contaminated plume. This improvement is due to a significant drawdown within the PC-PRB's passive well, known as the passive hydraulic decompression-convergent flow effect. We further evaluated the effects of water pipe length, hydraulic gradient, and media particle size on PC-PRB's plume capture performance. Results indicate that an increased water pipe length enhances the PC-PRB's plume capture capacity due to greater well drawdown. PC-PRB not only captures the plume but also acts as a hydraulic barrier. The retardation effect of PC-PRB on plume migration increases with water pipe length. Conversely, both hydraulic gradient and media particle size impact the plume capture capacity of PC-PRB by modifying groundwater flow velocity and pollutant dispersion. An increase in either hydraulic gradient or media particle size decreases the plume capture performance of PC-PRB. Therefore, PC-PRB technology may be more effective in contaminated sites characterized by low hydraulic gradients and permeability. Overall, PC-PRB demonstrates significant effectiveness in enhancing plume capture performance, which can notably reduce remediation costs and environmental footprint, broadening its application scope.