Preparation Of Materials Research Articles

Preparation of oil-structured materials as alternatives to solid fats using chitin nanofibers

Preparation of oil-structured materials as alternatives to solid fats using chitin nanofibers

Preparation and Characterization of New Biodegradable Packaging Materials Based on Gelatin Extracted from Tenualosa ilisha Fish Scales with Cellulose Nanocrystals

Preparation and Characterization of New Biodegradable Packaging Materials Based on Gelatin Extracted from <i>Tenualosa ilisha</i> Fish Scales with Cellulose Nanocrystals

Multiscale Confinement‐Modulated Cellulosic Dielectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Self‐Powered Devices

AbstractThe rapid rise of triboelectric nanogenerators, an innovative technology for low‐frequency energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing, has increased the interest in high‐performance triboelectric materials. Enhancing the surface charge density via dielectric modulation is essential for high‐performance triboelectric nanogenerators. As the most abundant biopolymer on earth, cellulose has remarkable properties such as excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, and tunable surface chemistry, indicating its significant application potential in the design and fabrication of triboelectric nanogenerators. Owing to its unique multiscale structure and excellent processability, cellulose holds substantial promise for dielectric modulation. This review aims to provide comprehensive insights into the rational design and tailored preparation of cellulosic materials with optimal dielectric constants. First, the multiscale structure and exceptional advantages of cellulosic materials are interpreted. A comprehensive investigation into multiscale confinement‐modulated cellulosic dielectric materials encompassing cellulosic molecules, dipoles, and fibers along with their dipoles is undertaken and the significance of interfacial polarization is explored. Furthermore, the emerging applications of cellulosic materials with superior dielectric properties in triboelectric nanogenerators, including energy harvesting, self‐powered sensing, and self‐powered medical and smart monitoring systems, are described. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities for cellulosic dielectric modulation are summarized.

Preparation and properties of vanillin-based polyurethane materials for body temperature self-healing

It is difficult to obtain sustainable and fast self-healing polyurethane materials with excellent mechanical properties at low-temperature. In this work, we prepared a series of bio-based polyurethane materials were synthesized with HMDI, Polytetramethylene ether glycol and a vanillin-based chain extender containing dynamic imine bonds. By adjusting the ratio of soft and hard segments, As the content of hard segments increased, the storage modulus and tensile strength of the material increased, the elongation at break decreased, and the heat resistance improved. The results showed that this advanced polyurethane displayed excellent mechanical and self-healing properties due to the presence of a large number of hard segment structures with dynamic imine bonds. Moreover, the tight arrangement of hydrogen bonds can promote the exchange of dynamic imine bonds and endow the material with body-temperature self-healing ability. It can recover to 98% of its original stress in 20 min at 36°C.

Determining the PM10 Pollution Sources near the Copper Smelter in Bor, Serbia

The EPA Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) 5.0 model was applied to determine the sources and characteristics of PM10 collected near the copper smelter in Bor, Serbia, from September 2009 to July 2010. For a better understanding of the industrial sources of PM10 pollution, the dataset was divided into four observation periods: heating season (HS), non-heating season (NHS), copper smelter in work (SW), and copper smelter out of work (SOW). The daily limit for the PM10 fraction of 50 μg/m3 was exceeded on one-sixth of days in the NHS, about half the days in the HS, and about one-third of days during the SOW and SW period. The nine different sources of PM10 were identified: fuel combustion, industrial dust, dust from tailings, storage and preparation of raw materials, secondary nitrate, Cu smelter, traffic, cadmium, and plant for the production of precious metals. The contribution of factors related to the activities in the copper smelter complex to the total mass of PM10 was 83.1%. When the copper smelter was out of work the contribution of all the factors related to PM10 pollution from the copper smelter to the total mass of the PM10 was 2.3-fold lower, 35.8%, compared with the period when the copper smelter was in work. This study is the first attempt to use PMF receptor modeling to determine the air pollution sources and their contribution to ambient air pollution in the city of Bor, Serbia.

Preparation, design, structure and application of aerogel-based materials for noise control

Preparation, design, structure and application of aerogel-based materials for noise control

Preparation of Flexible Polymer Sensor Material by Spatial Confining Forced Network Assembly Micro Injection Molding

Preparation of Flexible Polymer Sensor Material by Spatial Confining Forced Network Assembly Micro Injection Molding

Problems of Distance Learning in EU Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The article is dedicated to the analysis of distance learning problems faced by EU Member states during the COVID-19 pandemic. Each EU member state was forced to transform its education policy, trying not only to reduce the risks of infection during professional contacts between teachers and students, but also to ensure the maintenance of the necessary quality of the educational process. The ambiguous influence of distance learning on the level of academic achievement of students in various EU countries is shown. The factors that hindered distance learning, including low incomes, housing and other material deprivation, belonging of students and their families to socially vulnerable segments of the population, the level of education of parents of schoolchildren and students are identified. The negative consequences of restrictive measures implemented by the EU countries in the education sector are revealed. Attention is focused on the risk of reducing the level of competitiveness of future graduates of educational institutions in the labor market due to their lack of knowledge. The reaction of the national authorities of the EU countries to the situation in the education sector, expressed in the adoption of a set of urgent measures, is investigated, including additional classes with lagging students, the preparation and active use of teaching materials, the provision of free SIM cards for an unlimited period of time to students from low-income families, providing computers and Internet access to children in need. It is stated that the education sector in the EU countries has demonstrated the necessary adaptability to the situation, having found support from the authorities.

Preparation of a supplementary cementitious material through synergy CO2 mineralization of fly ash and carbide slag

A compounded system of fly ash (FA) and carbide slag (CS) was proposed for CO2 mineralization using the aqueous approach to prepare supplementary cementitious material. Influence of CS dosage on the morphology, particle size distribution, and chemical phases of the carbonation products were characterized. It is found that the mineralization products (calcite) cover on the surface of FA leading to a remarkable synergistic effect in which the CO2 uptake is improved by about 50%. Furthermore, FA with calcite attached effectively mitigates the set retardation in OPC/FA blends by about 30% and improved the 3- and 28-day compressive strengths by 37.2% and 24.3% respectively due to combined physical and chemical effects. The results indicate that a high-volume cement replacement can be achieved using the carbonated FA produced by the proposed synergy CO2 mineralization.

Pelatihan Meningkatkan Branding Melalui Implementasi Digital Marketing pada UMKM Aquascape (Aqua Menoreh Gallery)

This community service aims to develop digital technology mastery for MSMEs in entrepreneurship. To provide branding strength and increase market share, it is necessary to implement the use of social media for MSMEs so that their businesses can grow. The community service methods used include preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The preparation steps consist of licensing, observation of obstacles, and preparation of materials. The implementation stage includes explanations and training for MSMEs. The last stage is the evaluation stage by assessing the understanding of MSMEs' knowledge about digital marketing and increasing sales. The material to be provided is related to the concept of marketing content, the use of digital marketing e-commerce applications through social media. The results of community service utilizing digital marketing can provide a positive contribution in optimizing marketing for Aquascape Menoreh Gallery MSMEs. Better understanding and skills for MSMEs in using social media are expected to have a sustainable impact on the growth and development of MSMEs

PELATIHAN STEAM UNTUK MEMBANGUN KREATIVITAS DAN INOVASI ANAK SD DI SDN 1 PERAMPUAN KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT

STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics) training at SDN 1 Perampuan, West Lombok, aims to improve the creativity, innovation and critical thinking skills of grade 4 students. Through an interactive and practical approach, this training involves students in experiments simple and collaborative projects, allowing them to integrate various disciplines. This activity will be carried out in September 2024 using observation, experimentation, collaborative projects and feedback-based evaluation methods. Initial observations are carried out to identify learning needs and challenges, followed by preparation of materials and tools. The training involved an introduction to basic STEAM concepts, simple experiments such as building a mini volcano, technology development through basic coding, and the integration of art and mathematics in bridge design. Each session features a collaborative project, where students work in groups to apply the knowledge they have gained. Evaluation is carried out through project presentations and providing feedback to improve and enhance student skills. The results of the training showed high student enthusiasm, as well as increased understanding of basic STEAM concepts. Final project evaluations provide constructive feedback, encouraging students to continue learning and applying STEAM concepts in everyday life. With the support of the STEAM guidebook, this training is expected to have a long-term impact on educational development in the West Lombok area, preparing students to face future challenges with the necessary 21st century skills.

Nondestructive Testing of Polymer Aging Based on Room-Temperature Phosphorescence.

Polymeric room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have attracted much attention due to their advantages of easy processing and excellent luminescent properties. However, it is still a challenge to obtain industrial production grade material through simple and green processing strategies. Herein, through the codoping strategy, different phosphors were embedded into nylon, a kind of polymer matrix, to obtain a series of highly efficient RTP materials without any organic solvents, for which the phosphorescence lifetime and brightness could reach 628.8 ms and 14 cd/m2, respectively. Besides, we found that the photophysical properties of these RTP materials varied greatly among different types of nylon matrix, owing to the divergence in the number of hydrogen bonding "sites". The superiority of the injection molding processing strategy enables the preparation of RTP materials to achieve desolvation, which could also be processed into any complex and desiring shape. Significantly, nylon can affect molecular chain changes due to aging and other problems, so that these RTP materials are considered as potential nondestructive testing for nylon product aging levels. This strategy also paves the way for the development of large-scale, eco-friendly, and practical application RTP materials and provides new ideas to industrialized preparation of long-lived RTP materials in the future.

The Existence of Digital Literary Criticism and Its Contributions in Preparing Literary Criticism Teaching Materials Post Covid 19 Pandemic

Literary criticism teaching materials provided on campus only focus on theory and very few opportunities to appreciate literary texts directly through reading and understanding literary criticism published in various sources. Learning literary appreciation, including literary criticism, should not only be about memorizing literary theories, but also through practices such as reading and enjoying literary works directly, as well as appreciating the literary works read. The purpose of this research is to analyze the existence and contribution of digital literary criticism in the preparation of teaching materials for literary criticism. The design used in this research is qualitative. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative through data triangulation. The results of this study show that in the span of one year the average number of literary criticism published in digital media. The data shows that digital literary criticism still exists to provide color in the literary treasury regardless of the dynamics of the ups and downs of the number of literary criticisms published through digital media. Based on the information obtained through the distribution of questionnaires, it is known to contribute to the preparation of teaching materials for literary criticism. Regarding students' interest in digital literary criticism in literary criticism teaching materials, they successfully received a response with a high category. In conclusion, digital literary criticism enriches and expands the scope of teaching materials for literary criticism, making it more dynamic and adaptive to the latest developments in the world of literature and education.

A study of Work Safety Behavior of Company Employees S.K. Powerable Co., Ltd.

Background and Aims: Workplace safety behavior is critical for preventing accidents, injuries, and health risks, resulting in a safer environment for employees. It also promotes regulatory compliance, reduces downtime, and improves overall productivity and morale. This study aimed to study the safety behavior of employees of S.K. Power Able Co., Ltd. and to study the personal factors affecting the safety behavior of employees of S.K. Power Able Co., Ltd. Methodology: The sample group used in this research was 100 employees of the production and operation department. The instrument used was a questionnaire. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation.Results: The results of the study found that 1) Most of the respondents were male, aged 26-35 years, had 6-10 years of work experience, had a vocational certificate/associate degree or equivalent and were mostly permanent employees, and worked in the raw material preparation department. 2) Safety behavior of employees of the company S.K. Powerable Co., Ltd. was at a high level overall. When considering each aspect, it was found that the environment aspect had the highest mean value, followed by management aspect, and the operation aspect had the lowest mean value. 3) Comparison of work safety behaviors found that employees with different work experiences had different. Employees with different genders, ages, education levels, types of employees, and departments did not have different work safety behaviors.Conclusion: The study concluded that employees' work safety behavior at S.K. Powerable Co., Ltd. was generally positive, with the environment aspect receiving the highest rating. However, only work experience had a significant impact on safety behavior, while gender, age, education level, employee type, and department showed no discernible differences.

Ultrastructural features of the brain of patients with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, due to the increase in life expectancy, the problem of cognitive disorders, quite often found in elderly people and being a formidable syndrome of a number of neurodegenerative diseases, is extremely relevant. According to epidemiological data, the most common causes of cognitive dysfunction are Alzheimer’s disease and cerebrovascular diseases, accounting for about 90% of all cases. AIM: to investigate the morphological features underlying the development of cognitive disorders in Alzheimer’s disease and cerebrovascular pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: According to our developed and patented method of preparation of sectional material for electron microscopy а detailed study of the brain of elderly patients with Alzheimer’s disease and cerebrovascular pathology was carried out using electron microscopy on autopsy material. RESULTS: Electron microscopy of the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease often reveals large extracellular reticulate-fiber structures closely adjacent to myelin fibers, which are part of a fibrous plaque. In vascular dementia, irregularly shaped hyperchromic masses with heterogeneous contents are found in the neuropil, which may represent future so-called “diffuse” plaques. In Alzheimer’s disease, fragments of future “diffuse” plaques are also observed in the cytoplasm of some cortical oligodendrocytes. In all deceased with Alzheimer’s disease, synaptic changes were found in the form of roughly granular disintegration of the entire synaptocomplex, i.e., synaptic vesicles, mitochondria, and the synaptic cleft proper. CONCLUSION: This study provides an opportunity to take a new look at some questions of etiology and pathogenesis of such a disease as cognitive disorders, which is not easy to diagnose and treat.

Characterization of Physical, Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Poly-Lactic Acid/Graphene (PLA/GNPs) Biopolymer Composites using Fused Deposition Modelling

A hybrid biopolymer composite consisting of Poly-Lactic Acid/Graphene Nanoplatelets (PLA/GNPs) was formulated using double planetary mixer (DPM) and processed into granules and utilized as the feedstock for additive manufacturing (AM) of structures using the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technique. The study aimed to investigate the influence of different weight percentages (1%, 3% and 5%) of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on the physical, morphological and mechanical properties of the printed test samples. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) revealed the temperature ranges for the glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallinity temperature (Tc) to be 61–63 °C and 112–140 °C, respectively. Additionally, it was observed that the presence of graphene in the polymer matrix led to a decrease in the melting temperature (Tm), with the sample containing 1 wt% of GNPs displaying the highest melting point. Furthermore, the density of the biopolymer composite increased as the weight percentage of GNPs increased. Microscopic examination of the samples revealed the presence of voids, waves and interlayer gaps in all compositions containing GNPs. These conditions were likely caused by inadequate material preparation and inaccurate printing parameter settings. In terms of mechanical properties, the highest tensile modulus observed was 1.29 GPa with 5 wt% GNPs, the highest flexural modulus was 5.17 GPa with 5 wt% GNPs and the highest compressive modulus was 10.073 GPa with 3 wt% GNPs. These results may be attributed to low homogeneity during the mixing process.

Preparation of Composite Materials with Slow-Release Biocides and Solidifying Agents for Remediation of Acid Pollution in Coal Gangue

The processes of coal mining and washing generate a substantial amount of coal gangue. During prolonged outdoor storage, this waste can lead to both direct and indirect environmental pollution, as well as geological hazards. Recent research has indicated that the redox processes of coal gangue are regulated by microorganisms. Techniques such as the application of biocides and the facilitation of microbial interactions have proven effective in controlling the acidic pollution of coal gangue in the short term. However, conventional doping methods that couple sulfate-reducing bacteria with biocides face challenges, including a short effective duration and poor stability. To address these issues, this study utilized corn straw biochar as a microbial attachment material and incorporated water-retaining agents as slow-release biocide carriers, resulting in the development of an environmentally friendly microbial remediation material. This study selected 0.6 g of biochar produced from the pyrolysis of corn straw at 700 °C to immobilize sulfate-reducing bacteria. Additionally, 0.6 g of polyacrylamide was used to prepare a slow-release bactericide with 100 mL of a sodium dodecyl sulfate solution at a concentration of 50 mg·L−1. The composite remediation material successfully raises the pH of weathered coal gangue leachate from 4.32 to 6.88. Its addition notably reduces the sulfate ion concentration in the weathered coal gangue, with sulfate content decreasing by 86.45%. Additionally, the composite material effectively lowers the salinity of the weathered coal gangue. The composite immobilizes heavy metal ions within the weathered coal gangue, achieving an approximate removal rate of 80% over 30 days. Following the introduction of the composite material, significant changes were observed in the dominant microbial communities and population abundances on the surface of the coal gangue. The composite demonstrated the ability to rapidly, sustainably, and effectively remediate the acidification pollution associated with coal gangue.

Effective Removal of Sr2+ Ions by K2SbPO6/Polyacrylonitrile Composite Microspheres

90Sr is one of the highly radioactive and hazardous nuclides in nuclear waste liquids. The high water solubility and mobility of 90Sr2+ ions make it difficult to effectively remove 90Sr from the complex aqueous environment. Herein, K2SbPO6, a phosphatoantimonate ion exchange material with an excellent removal ability for Sr2+ ions, has been organically granulated with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) by an automated method to form K2SbPO6/PAN composite microspheres. The K2SbPO6/PAN microspheres with radiation resistance exhibit a high maximum adsorption capacity (qmSr) of 131.15 mg g−1 for Sr2+ ions and retain the high removal rate (RSr) in a wide pH range (pH = 3–12). It is important that K2SbPO6/PAN microspheres could efficiently treat Sr2+ ions solutions in a dynamic adsorption manner even at 970 bed volumes (RSr &gt; 81%). This work paves the way for the preparation of low-cost ion exchange materials with the advantages of regular shape and easy operation by a simple and fast method and the practical application of powdered ion exchange materials.

New Insight into Industrial Lignin Intermolecular Force Heterogeneity Mitigation: Monodispersed Lignin Colloidal Sphere Synthesis and Full Biomass Photonic Material Preparation.

Industrial lignin is an underutilized resource from the pulping industry due to its high heterogeneity. The transformation of industrial lignin into monodispersed lignin colloidal spheres (LCSs) for the preparation of advanced biomass photonic materials is particularly appealing, because of their unique biocompatibility. However, the LCSs synthesized from industrial lignin generally show a wide size distribution and thus limit this specific application. To address the issue, selective functionalization was carried out to convert phenolic and aliphatic -OH groups into ester groups, decreasing the LCS size distribution to a monodispersing degree. Simulation analysis revealed that the functionalization had narrowed the difference of C-O linkage electron cloud distribution and led to a lignin polarity decrease. Additionally, atomic force microscopy (AFM) quantification of lignin proved a force distribution index (FDI) decrease from 0.38 to 0.11, which was consistent with the LCS polymer dispersity index (PDI) decrease from 0.182 to 0.05. The photonic materials can be readily prepared from monodispersed LCSs with the color precisely adjusted by controlling LCS particle sizes.

COMPOSITION DESIGN OF 316LN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL FOR LIQUID-HYDROGEN STORAGE BASED ON HIGH-FLUX PREPARATION

Designing multi-element alloy compositions to achieve target performance was the first step in the development of modern materials, but the traditional trial-and-error experiment seriously restricted the development of new materials due to its low efficiency. In this investigation, the composition design of 316LN austenitic stainless steel for enhanced liquid-hydrogen storage using multi-crucible synchronous metallurgy in a high-flux experiment was proposed. Sixteen groups of as cast austenitic stainless steel samples with different compositions were smelted using high-flux material preparation. Then, through the observation of their microstructures, the chemical composition that best matched the target performance was finally selected. The results show that high-throughput experiments can greatly improve the efficiency of composition design optimization of new stainless steel products. At the same time, this investigation also analyzed the elemental composition of δ-ferrite and the method for effectively controlling the δ-ferrite content. In 316LN stainless steel, Cr and Mo were easily enriched in ferrite grains or grain boundaries, forming Cr and Mo enriched regions. This resulted in a gradient transition of Cr and Mo from the ferrite region to the austenite region, forming galvanic corrosion. In this study, the distribution of Cr, Mo and other elements in 316LN stainless steel was studied by means of a metallographic microscope, electron probe microanalysis, transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. In addition, the relationship between the ferrite content and chemical composition was explored. Finally, it was determined that high-temperature, long-term sensitization treatment is an effective method for controlling the δ-ferrite content.