Orthodontic Materials Research Articles

Effects of orthodontic wax and ora-aid on pain and discomfort at the beginning of orthodontic treatment.

Wounds may occur in the mouth during orthodontic treatment. Orthodontists use a variety of substances to eliminate the irritation. This randomized clinical trial aimed to examine the effect of orthodontic wax and ora-aid material on wound healing, the duration of staying in the mouth, and the effect on pain and to evaluate the effect on the patient's quality of life. The study included two hundred forty patients aged 11-14 years. At the end of 1 week, patients with no wound were determined as the control group G1(n:65), patients using Ormco orthodontic wax as G2(n:86), and patients using Ora-aid as G3(n:89). The patients were asked to fill out the questionnaire given to them five times in total, as T0 when the wound occurred, T1 after 24h, T2 after 48h, T3 after 96h, and T4 after 168h. The study's results demonstrated no significant differences in the level of pain between males and females. For all post-baseline time points, the Ora aid group had a lower VAS for pain when compared with the Ormco orthodontic wax group (P < 0.01). This study demonstrated that ora-aid effectively reduces the mucosal discomfort associated with orthodontic appliances, and this product may be a suitable alternative to traditional orthodontic wax material for dealing with oral mucosal injuries during orthodontic treatment. This product may be a suitable alternative to traditional orthodontic wax material for dealing with oral mucosal injuries during orthodontic treatment.

Changes in heavy metal levels in the oral fluid of young patients with and without plaque-induced gingivitis undergoing treatment with braces

Relevance. Research into the effects of nickel-titanium alloys and heavy metal ions on the development of inflammatory oral diseases is becoming increasingly significant in orthodontics. The relationship between toxic elements and inflammatory responses remains under-researched and controversial. Data on the connection between heavy metals and inflammatory reactions could influence the choice of orthodontic appliance materials and guide the subsequent management and monitoring of patients with braces. The question of the safe use of nickel-titanium alloy braces continues to be a relevant concern.Purpose. To assess the levels of heavy metals in the oral fluid of young patients with braces, both in those who developed plaque-induced gingivitis and those who did not.Materials and Methods. The study involved 50 clinically healthy patients (Groups I and II health categories) with intact teeth, including patients with compensated dental caries (isolated carious lesions – Grade I) and no periodontal diseases (PMA index &lt;20), presenting with dental crowding and malocclusion (K07.2, K07.3). The average age of the patients was 22.1 ± 2.7 years, all of whom were undergoing treatment with metal braces. Oral fluid samples were analyzed for 12 heavy metal elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in a laboratory setting. Additionally, lysozyme activity and oral fluid pH were measured before appliance placement and six months into orthodontic treatment.Results. Adaptation to braces in young patients is frequently complicated by the development of gingivitis and periodontitis due to impaired oral hygiene and the mechanical pressure exerted on teeth and gums, leading to elemental imbalances. Patients with gingivitis during orthodontic treatment are particularly at risk of developing such imbalances and therefore require timely correction of their mineral metabolism.

Addressing mucosal ulcers during orthodontic treatment: An urgent call for preventive strategies.

Mucosal ulcers are a common yet often overlooked complication during orthodontic treatment, significantly impacting patient comfort and compliance. This letter aims to highlight the prevalence, potential causes, and management strategies for mucosal ulcers in orthodontic patients. By reviewing recent literature and clinical observations, we underscore the necessity for proactive measures and tailored interventions to mitigate the incidence and severity of these lesions. Emphasizing the role of patient education and the use of protective devices, we call for a multidisciplinary approach to enhance patient care and treatment outcomes. This discussion is particularly relevant in the context of evolving orthodontic techniques and materials, which necessitate continuous adaptation of clinical practices to ensure patient safety and well-being.

Constitutive model for shape memory polymer and its thermodynamic responses in finite element analysis.

As a new intelligent polymer material, shape memory polymer (SMP) was a potential orthodontic appliance material. This study aimed to investigate the thermodynamic responses of SMP under different loads via finite element analysis (FEA). FEA specimens with a specification of 0.1 × 0.1 × 1 mm were designed. One end of the specimen was fixed, and the other was subjected to displacement load. Different loading, cooling, and heating rates were separately exerted on the specimen in its shape recovery process and used to observe the responses of the SMP constitutive model. Furthermore, specimens with various tensile elongation and sectional areas were simulated and used to elucidate their effect on shape recovering force. The specimens obtained a similar stress of 0.5, 0.44, and 1.07 Mpa for different loading, cooling, and heating rates after a long time. The shape recovering force of specimen increased from 0.0102 to 0.0315 N when the elongation improved from 10% to 40% and to 0.0408 N when the sectional areas were expanded to 0.2 × 0.2 mm. The stiffness of SMP was small at a high temperature but large at a low temperature. The effects of the loading, cooling, and heating rates on SMP can be eliminated after a long time. Furthermore, it was possible to increase the recovering force by increasing the elongation or expanding the sectional area of the specimen. The force was quadratically dependent on the elongation ratio.

Microbial adhesion on different types of orthodontic brackets and wires: An in vitro study

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the microbial adhesion of different oral pathogens on different wires used in orthodontic treatment and to evaluate the potential of these pathogens to form biofilms on different types of orthodontic wires and brackets. MethodsIn this in vitro investigation, we calculated that the sample size for each group (i.e., those with brackets [metal braces, ceramic braces, and self-ligating braces] and wires [nickel titanium, titanium molybdenum, and stainless steel]) should be 15 individuals. Five types of microbes (Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans) were used. Three types of brackets and three types of wires were used with five types of bacteria, and the process was repeated three times to collect the average. ResultsNo significant differences were observed in the mean concentrations of bacteria in the different brackets (p > 0.05) or in the mean concentrations in the different orthodontic materials used in these brackets. In contrast, there were considerable differences between the concentrations of bacteria in the wires and those in the brackets (p < 0.05). ConclusionDifferent wires and brackets have different associations with bacterial adhesion and concentration. The wires exhibited more substantial biofilm absorbance and concentrations than the brackets. The adhesion of biofilm may be a decisive factor when choosing a type of orthodontic wire, particularly for individuals at high risk of developing bacterial oral diseases, such as periodontal diseases and dental caries.

An In-Vitro Study of the Cytotoxicity of Chitosan Nanoparticles-Containing Orthodontic Primer

Background: Demineralization is an anticipated side effect of fixed orthodontic treatment. Incorporating antimicrobial compounds into orthodontic adhesive material may be an effective method for averting white spots. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of an orthodontic primer modified with varying quantities of chitosan nanoparticles. Materials and methods: 0%, 1%, 5%, and 10% concentrations of Chitosan nanoparticles have been combined with Transbond TM XT primer. Three discs of eight millimeters in diameter and two millimeters in thickness were constructed for each group, for a total of twelve discs. Results: included the application of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm the Nano powder's properties. The data was statistically examined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the results indicated statistically non-significant differences between groups (p˃0.05). In conclusion, the addition of chitosan nanoparticles to the orthodontic adhesive system's primer exhibited an acceptable level of cytotoxicity and was within the appropriate ISO limits (70% cell viability).

Preparation, Characterization, and Assessment of Antimicrobial Properties of Silver-doped Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles in Orthodontic Composite

Aim: The incorporation of nanoparticles in orthodontic materials like composites and primers can be used to combat white spot lesions (WSLs), which is a common complication of orthodontic treatment. Silver-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (AgHANps) have the potential to produce antibacterial effects against caries-causing bacteria in the oral cavity and can be applied for combating WSL when incorporated in orthodontic composites. Hence, the primary objective of this study is to characterize and assess the antibacterial properties of orthodontic composites containing AgHANps. Materials and Methods: The structure of the synthesized AgHANps was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Commercially available orthodontic composite was incorporated with the prepared AgHANps. The agar-well diffusion method was used to investigate the AgHANps-incorporated composite’s antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus), Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans), and Escherichia coli ( E. coli). ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to assess the differences in zones of inhibition (ZOI) between the groups with the p value set at .05. Results: The AgHANPs was prepared and characterized using EDAX and FTIR, which revealed the successful formation of the nanoparticles without any contaminants. After the integration of the AgHANps into the orthodontic composite, antimicrobial assessment showed statistically significant ZOI against S. aureus ( p = .003), S. mutans (0.001), and E. coli (0.003). The high concentration of the AgHANPS (40 μL) showed the largest ZOI against all the bacteria followed the control group and the low concentration (20 μL) group. Conclusion: The study shows the AgHANps incorporated orthodontic adhesive possess antimicrobial effect against S. aureus, S. mutans, and E. coli and the effect increases with the concentration of the nanoparticle.

The potential effect of silver nanoparticles to inhibit microbial activity in orthodontic adhesive appliances: A literature review

Silver nanoparticles have been the focus of research in various areas of dentistry, including orthodontics. Orthodontic treatment requires a long period of time, so the brackets are in the oral cavity for a long time. This can potentially trigger the formation of white spot lesions because plaque sticks more easily to the surrounding enamel. Using silver nanoparticles mixed with orthodontic adhesives has been reported to increase antibacterial and antimicrobial characteristics. This literature review aims to investigate the effect of adding silver nanoparticles to orthodontic adhesive devices in inhibiting antimicrobial activity. This study method was carried out by searching the online electronic databases PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar with the keywords "silver nanoparticles AND antimicrobial", "silver nanoparticles AND orthodontic adhesive", "silver nanoparticles AND composite resin", which is an original article published the year 2019- 2023. The results of research from 10 articles that met the inclusion criteria showed that orthodontic adhesives with silver nanoparticles effectively inhibited microbial activity, such as Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L.acidophilus), Streptococcus sanguinis (S.sanguinis) and Candida albicans through increased release of Ag+ ions. Silver has been known to have effects, including producing minimal bacterial resistance compared to antibiotics. Even though it results in a decrease in the shear bond strength (SBS), the decrease level is still within clinically tolerable limits. It can be concluded that research needs to continue to be developed to obtain the right concentration and composition of the addition of silver nanoparticles so that an orthodontic adhesive material is obtained that is not only superior in its antibacterial properties but also in its mechanical properties.

Application and Future Utilization of Shellac in Orthodontics: A Systematic Review.

Background: This review examines the application of shellac in orthodontics, focusing on its properties, advantages, and potential as an alternative to conventional materials. In orthodontics, where bond strength, ease of application, and removal are paramount, shellac's capabilities meet these needs while supporting environmentally friendly practices. Methods: With objectives centered on evaluating shellac's effectiveness, biocompatibility, and impact on patient outcomes, a comprehensive search across multiple databases was conducted, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. This study's selection criteria targeted studies assessing shellac's use in orthodontic applications, measuring treatment effectiveness, biocompatibility, and patient satisfaction while excluding those not directly involving orthodontic applications or lacking empirical data. Results: Through a qualitative synthesis of the extracted data-encompassing study design, sample size, treatment outcomes, and adverse effects-the findings reveal shellac's potential benefits in orthodontics, such as enhanced patient comfort and comparable treatment outcomes to traditional materials. However, the review also notes variability in study designs and outcomes, indicating the need for further research. Conclusions: This study concluded that shellac presents a promising alternative in orthodontic materials, recommending additional studies to standardize assessment methodologies and confirm its long-term advantages.

Clinical effect of chlorhexidine and sodium fluoride on corrosion behavior and surface topography of nitinol orthodontic archwires

BackgroundAlterations in the mechanical properties of the materials utilized in orthodontic appliances could affect the working properties of the appliances, thereby affecting clinical progress and outcome. Numerous studies have confirmed the correlation between alloy corrosion and raised surface roughness, which has a direct impact on the working characteristics of orthodontic archwires.MethodsThirty nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic archwires were utilized in this study. Patients were randomly selected and allocated into three groups according to the randomization plan; (The control group): subjects practiced regular oral hygiene; (The fluoride group): subjects used fluoride for intensive prophylaxis; (The chlorhexidine group): subjects used chlorhexidine. Representative samples were evaluated by SEM, and then SEM images with high resolution were examined using Image J software to determine the surface roughness and obtain the results for further statistical analysis.ResultsOur findings indicated a significant difference was found between the three groups regarding the anterior and posterior parts between the control and the two other groups and a non-significant difference between NaF and CHX groups. Overall, the p-value for group comparisons was 0.000 for both parts, indicating a highly significant difference especially between the control and NaF groups.ConclusionMouthwashes containing sodium fluoride demonstrated more significant surface alterations than the control and CHX groups and should be prescribed in accordance with orthodontic materials to reduce side effects.

A Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) vs. Standard Materials Used in Orthodontic Fixed Appliances: A Systematic Review.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), an organic thermoplastic polymer, has gained interest in dentistry due to its excellent mechanical strength, flexibility, and biocompatibility. Furthermore, the ability to utilize CAD/CAM in the fabrication of PEEK enhances accuracy, reliability, and efficiency while also saving time. Hence, several orthodontic studies have explored the utilization of PEEK in various applications, such as archwires, brackets, fixed lingual retainers, palatal expansion devices, transpalatal arches, Tübingen palatal plates, different types of space maintainers, mini-implant insertion guides, and more. However, a complete systematic review of the available data comparing the performance of PEEK with traditional orthodontic materials has not yet been conducted. Therefore, this systematic review seeks to assess if PEEK material meets the required mechanical criteria to serve as an alternative to conventional orthodontic appliances. To ensure clarity and precision, this review will specifically concentrate on fixed appliances. This systemic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and utilized databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Springer, Web of Science, and Wiley. Searches were restricted to English language articles from January 2013 to February 2024. Keywords such as "Polyetheretherketone" or "PEEK" and "Orthodontic" or "Orthodontic device" or "Orthodontic materials" were employed across all databases. Nine studies were incorporated, covering orthodontic archwires, brackets, and fixed lingual retainers. Based on the reviewed literature, PEEK demonstrates promising potential in orthodontic fixed appliances, offering advantages in force delivery, friction reduction, and aesthetic appeal. Further research is needed to fully explore its capabilities and optimize its application in clinical practice.

Graphene as a promising material in orthodontics: A review.

Graphene is an extraordinary material with unique mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties. Additionally, it boasts high surface area and antimicrobial properties, making it an attractive option for researchers exploring innovative materials for biomedical applications. Although there have been various studies on graphene applications in different biomedical fields, limited reviews have been conducted on its use in dentistry, and no reviews have focused on its application in the orthodontic field. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of graphene-based materials, with an emphasis on their antibacterial mechanisms and the factors that influence these properties. Additionally, the review summarizes the dental applications of graphene, spotlighting the studies of its orthodontic application as they can be used to enhance the antibacterial and mechanical properties of orthodontic materials such as adhesives, archwires, and splints. Also, they can be utilized to enhance bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. An electronic search was carried out in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library digital database platforms using graphene and orthodontics as keywords. The search was restricted to English language publications without a time limit. This review highlights the need for further laboratory and clinical research using graphene-based materials to improve the properties of orthodontic materials to make them available for clinical use.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles oral exposure induce osteoblast apoptosis, inhibit osteogenic ability and increase lipogenesis in mouse

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are widely used in food, paint, coating, cosmetic, and composite orthodontic material. As a common food additive, TiO2-NPs can accumulate in various organs of human body, but the effect and underlying mechanism of bone remain unclear. Here mice were exposed to TiO2-NPs by oral gavage, and histological staining of femoral sections showed that TiO2-NPs reduced bone formation and enhanced osteoclast activity and lipogenesis, contributing to decreased trabecula bone. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) as well as biochemical and flow cytometry analysis of osteoblast exhibited that TiO2-NPs accumulated in osteoblast cytoplasm and impaired mitochondria ultrastructure with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid hyperoxide, resulting in osteoblast apoptosis. In terms of mechanism, TiO2-NPs treatment inhibited expression of AKT and then increased pro-apoptotic protein Bax expression which was failure to form heterodimers with decreased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, activating downstream Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 and inducing apoptosis. Additionally, TiO2-NPs suppressed Wnt3a level and then activated anti-Glycogen synthesis kinase (GSK-3β) phosphorylation, and ultimately resulted in degradation of β-catenin which down-regulated Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Osterix, inhibiting expression of osteogenic related proteins. Together, these results revealed that exposure of TiO2-NPs induced apoptosis and inhibited osteoblast differentiation through suppressing PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, resulting in reduction of trabecula bone.

Validation of a double-semicircular notched configuration for mechanical testing of orthodontic thermoplastic aligner materials

The potential of using specimens with a double-semicircular-notched configuration for performing tensile tests of orthodontic thermoplastic aligner materials was explored. Unnotched and double-semicircular-notched specimens were loaded in tension using a universal testing machine to determine their tensile strength, while finite element analysis (FEA) and digital image correlation (DIC) were used to estimate stress and strain, respectively. The shape did affect the tensile strength, demonstrating the importance of unifying the form of the specimen. During the elastic phase under tension, double-semicircular-notched specimens showed similar behavior to unnotched specimens. However, great variance was observed in the strain patterns of the unnotched specimens, which exhibited greater chance of end-failure, while the strain patterns of the double-semicircular-notched specimens showed uniformity. Considerable agreement between the theoretical (FEA) and practical models (DIC) further confirmed the validity of the double-semicircular-notched models.

Orthodontic Materials Interacting with Fifth Generation (5G) Electromagnetic Waves

Orthodontic Materials Interacting with Fifth Generation (5G) Electromagnetic Waves

Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with primer-incorporated orthodontic adhesives and unpolymerized 3-dimensional printing materials on 3-dimensional-printed crowns

The use of 3-dimensional (3D) printing techniques in fabricating crowns has increased the demand for bracket bonding onto these surfaces. The objective was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded onto 3D-printed crowns using primer-incorporated orthodontic adhesives and 3D printing materials as orthodontic adhesives. A total of 160 crowns were printed with two 3D printing materials, DentaTOOTH (Asiga, Sydney, Australia) (group A) and NextDent C&B Micro Filled Hybrid (3D Systems, Soesterberg, Netherlands) (group N). Each group was randomly divided into 4 adhesive subgroups (n= 20): Transbond XT (for groups A [ATX] and N [NTX]; 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif), Ortho Connect (for groups A [AOC] and N [NOC]; GC Corporation., Tokyo, Japan), Orthomite LC (for groups A [AOM] and N [NOM]; Sun Medical, Co Ltd, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan), and unpolymerized liquid state of 3D printing resin (for groups A [AA] and N [NN]). SBS was measured with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The adhesive remnant index and the mode of failure were analyzed under the microscope. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of α= 0.05. When used as adhesives (AA and NN), 3D printing materials showed no statistically significant difference in SBS compared with Transbond XT (ATX and NTX, respectively). In group N, NN showed a significantly higher SBS than primer-incorporated orthodontic adhesives (NOC and NOM; P<0.001). Adhesive failures were only observed in primer-incorporated orthodontic adhesives (AOC, NOC, AOM, and NOM). Primer-incorporated orthodontic adhesives, as well as unpolymerized 3D printing materials employed as orthodontic adhesives on 3D-printed crowns, exhibited comparable bonding strength to Transbond XT without surface modification. Despite variations in adhesive-related factors, all measurements stayed within clinically acceptable ranges, highlighting the potential of these materials for orthodontic bonding on 3D-printed crowns, simplifying clinical procedures without compromising bond strength.

In Vitro Comparison to Evaluate Metal Ion Release: Nickel-Titanium vs. Titanium-Molybdenum Orthodontic Archwires.

Background When metals used in orthodontic materials are exposed to the oral environment, teeth, and gingivae over an extended period of time, they may gradually deteriorate. As a result, the patient is exposed to higher concentrations of metals and metal ions than what they would be exposed to through food and other sources. The goal of the current in vitro experiment was to evaluate and contrast the metal ion release from orthodontic archwires made of titanium-molybdenum alloy (TMA) and nickel-titanium (NiTi). Methods For 90 days, 20 orthodontic archwires in each group were immersed in 50 milliliters of simulated saliva using different containers. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) was used to assess and compare metal ion emission. The unit of measurement is parts per million (PPM). Results The findings indicated that the discharge of nickel metal from the NiTi archwire (Group A) was much higher than that from the TMA archwire (Group B), with a statistical significance level of p < 0.001. It was discovered that Group B's release of titanium was statistically significantly (p < 0.05) higher than Group A's titanium release, which did not include the release of any other metals. Conclusion The study findings indicated that the amounts of metal ions released from the orthodontic archwires made of titanium molybdenum and nickel-titanium alloy were within safety limits.

Antibacterial Effect of the Nanoparticle-Incorporated Primers Commonly Used for Orthodontic Bonding.

Nanosized antibacterial agents can be used to prevent biofilm buildup on orthodontic appliances and auxiliaries, limiting microbial adherence and preventing caries. Nanoparticles (NPs) can enhance the antibacterial properties of orthodontic materials due to their smaller particle size and larger surface area. The study's material analysis was divided into four groups, numbered I through IV, using Transbond XT Primer as a control and modifying group I by adding various antibacterial agents. 98.1 g of mutans-sanguis agar was dissolved in 1,000 ml of warm distilled water and autoclaved for 15 minutes at 121°C and 15 lb pressure. 176 disk specimens of 6 mm in diameter were created, sterilized in an autoclave, and heated to 60°C in a hot air oven for 1 hour. Ten milliliters of primer containing different antimicrobial agents was applied to the sterilized disks. Four petri plates were used for each concentration, with 16 disks in each group. 44 petri plates in all were utilized. The orthodontic primer modified by the addition of antibacterial agents showed a significantly increased antimicrobial activity, and nanobenzalkonium chloride (BAC) at 5% concentration showed the highest antimicrobial efficacy among all groups. Nanohydroxyapatite showed the least. Within the confines of the current investigation, it was determined that the addition of antibacterial agents had significantly higher antimicrobial activity and BAC at 5% concentration had the highest antimicrobial efficacy of all the groups.

Influence of the Bracket Material on the Post-Cure Degree of Conversion of Resin-Based Orthodontic Adhesive Systems.

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the orthodontic bracket material on the short-term and long-term post-cure development of the degree of conversion (DC) of resin-based orthodontic adhesive systems. Five commercially available materials characterized by different compositions and curing modes (light-curable or dual-curable) were tested under three different light curing conditions: without brackets (control group, CO), and in the presence of metal brackets (MB group) or ceramic brackets (CB group). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the post-cure DC development, both after "short-term" periods (2, 6, and 10 min) and "long-term" periods (1, 7, and 28 days). The short-term DC values ranged from 43.9% to 76.1%, and the long-term DC values were higher and ranged from 54.3% to 85.3%. The MB group demonstrated significantly lower short-term DC values compared to the CO and the CB groups, while the CB group had statistically similar or slightly lower DC values compared to the CO group. Long-term DC values in the MB and the CB groups were statistically lower or similar compared to the CO group, which depended on the post-cure time. The results indicated that the post-cure DC development was highly material-dependent and affected by the presence of different types of bracket material.

Effect of Over-the-counter Whitening Toothpaste and Mouthwash in Orthodontics: A Literature Review.

To summarize and analyze all the available literature on the use of over-the-counter toothpaste and mouthwashes with whitening agents and their possible effects on orthodontic treatment. Tooth color change frequently occurs during orthodontic treatment and represents a self-perceived need. According to the patient's perspective, there is a preference for the use of toothpaste and mouthwashes with some whitening effect. An electronic bibliographic search in English was carried out until June 2022, in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Randomized or nonrandomized clinical trials and experimental laboratory studies were included. A total of 57 papers were obtained from an electronic search and 11 studies were included in the review. Outcomes such as strength force elastomeric, color stability, frictional resistance, ion release, shear bond strength (SBS), and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were evaluated. Toothpaste and mouthwashes with whitening action did not have a favorable effect on most of the outcomes evaluated. In some cases regular toothpaste showed a better effect and in other cases, there were no differences with the control group. Only in the outcome release of ions from wires to whitening effect in teeth with or without attached brackets, they have a better performance. Due to the unfavorable effects of over-the-counter whitening toothpaste and mouthwashes on orthodontic materials and appliances, their use should be justified during treatment. Chinchay-Ruesta S, Ortiz-Pizarro M, Rodríguez-Díaz DR, et al. Effect of Over-the-counter Whitening Toothpaste and Mouthwash in Orthodontics: A Literature Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-3):S311-S316.