Materials In Oral Cavity Research Articles

Immediate effect of different herbal solutions on tensile strength of suture materials in oral cavity

This pilot study evaluated the immediate effect of different herbal solutions in oral use on the tensile strength of the sutures used in oral surgical procedures. Three frequently used suture materials, polyglactin 910 (PGA), poliglecaprone (PGCL), and polypropylene (PP), were chosen in a 4-0-gauge size. The sutures' tensile stress was evaluated before being immersed (baseline) and after immersion at 24 h, 1 week, and 2 weeks in four different media: artificial saliva, chlorhexidine, Commiphora myrrh, and frankincense. The tensile strength was assessed by applying a 50 N load at a standardized speed of 2 mm/min. The data were analyzed using one-way and three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey post hoc test with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05 significance level. The mean values of the maximum load showed a significant statistical difference across the three types of sutures (PGA, PGCL, and PP). The mean tensile strength of the PP suture was statistically lower than that of the other sutures. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean tensile strength of the PGA suture when stored in chlorohexidine media and the PGCL suture for frankincense media. The tensile strength for all sutures was the lowest value when immersed in Commiphora myrrh media. Home-prepared herbal solutions can affect the tensile strength and maximum load of suture materials. Careful and controlled use of herbal solutions after any dental surgical procedures is advisable.

Comparative Evaluation of Silk Suture Material and Betadine-impregnated Suture Material in Oral Cavity: A Microbiological Study

Comparative Evaluation of Silk Suture Material and Betadine-impregnated Suture Material in Oral Cavity: A Microbiological Study

Effect of S. Mutans and S. Sanguinis on Growth and Adhesion of P. Gingivalis and Their Ability to Adhere to Different Dental Materials.

BackgroundCaries and periodontal diseases are caused by the biofilm formed by caries- and periodontal disease-related bacteria. Specific biofilms could be formed on different filling materials in oral cavity. Thus, to explore the inhibition effect of restorative filling materials on biofilm formation is of great significance in the treatment of caries and periodontal disease.Material/MethodsThe supernatants of S. mutans, S. sanguinis, and P. gingivalis suspension were combined with BHI broth. After 24 h, the live P. gingivalis number was calculated by colony counting and the biofilm was monitored by fluorescence microscopy. To test the adhesive ability of S. mutans and S. sanguinis on different dental materials, the biofilm was formed on different dental materials and then the bacterial number was calculated by using a Spectramax 250 microplate reader at OD 550, and the adhesive ability of S. mutans and S. sanguinis on different dental materials was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.ResultsThe growth and biofilm formation of P. gingivalis was significantly inhibited by S. mutans and S. sanguinis supernatants (P<0.05). All groups except the zinc phosphate cement group (B) exerted a strong inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation of S. mutans and S. sanguinis (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe supernatants of S. mutans and S. sanguinis significantly inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of P. gingivalis, and the adhesive ability of S. mutans and S. sanguinis are different on different dental materials. These results provide useful information on dental caries, periodontal disease, and dental materials.

THE EFFECT OF THERMOCYCLING TEST ON THE SURFACE HARDNESS VALUE OF BULK FILL RESIN COMPOSITE

Background: Bulk fill typed composite resin can be applied at once into the tooth cavity of approximately 4 mm. The surface hardness of composite resin can be affected by temperature. Variation temperature in oral cavity due to the consumption of cold and hot food or beverages. Thermocycling tests are used to simulate aging of restorative materials in oral cavity by exposing material to repeated cycles of cold(4 oC) and hot(60°C) temperatures. Purpose: To analyze thermocycling test effect with 1500 and 3000 cycles to the surface hardness value bulk fill composite resin. Methods: This study is true experimental post test only with control group design. This study used 27 samples of bulk fill composite resin divided into 3 groups, first group is control group that did not do thermocycling test, second group is group of thermocycling 1500 cycles and third group of thermocycling 3000 cycles. Results: Mean value of composite resin surface hardness control group 46.529 ± 1.331 MPa, group thermocycling 1500 cycles 44.100 ± 1.039 MPa, and group thermocycling 3000 cycles 42.251 ± 1.470 MPa. The data were tested using One Way ANOVA and post Hoc Bonferroni with p <0.05, there were significant differences in all treatment group. Conclusion: Thermocycling test with 1500 and 3000 cycles (equal with clinically used 6 month and 1 year) in resin composites may decrease surface hardness value

THE EFFECT OF THERMOCYCLING TEST ON THE SURFACE HARDNESS VALUE OF BULK FILL RESIN COMPOSITE

Background: Bulk fill typed composite resin can be applied at once into the tooth cavity of approximately 4 mm. The surface hardness of composite resin can be affected by temperature. Variation temperature in oral cavity due to the consumption of cold and hot food or beverages. Thermocycling tests are used to simulate aging of restorative materials in oral cavity by exposing material to repeated cycles of cold(4 oC) and hot(60°C) temperatures. Purpose: To analyze thermocycling test effect with 1500 and 3000 cycles to the surface hardness value bulk fill composite resin. Methods: This study is true experimental post test only with control group design. This study used 27 samples of bulk fill composite resin divided into 3 groups, first group is control group that did not do thermocycling test, second group is group of thermocycling 1500 cycles and third group of thermocycling 3000 cycles. Results: Mean value of composite resin surface hardness control group 46.529 ± 1.331 MPa, group thermocycling 1500 cycles 44.100 ± 1.039 MPa, and group thermocycling 3000 cycles 42.251 ± 1.470 MPa. The data were tested using One Way ANOVA and post Hoc Bonferroni with p <0.05, there were significant differences in all treatment group. Conclusion: Thermocycling test with 1500 and 3000 cycles (equal with clinically used 6 month and 1 year) in resin composites may decrease surface hardness value

Urbach-Weithe disease (lipoid proteinosis): A classical presentation.

A 10-year-old female child presented with a history of blistering over face and entire body along with a weak cry since infancy and hoarseness of voice that progressively worsened with age. The blisters would occur in response to minor trauma and resolve with depressed scars. On examination, multiple, atrophic, pock-like scars were noted over the face [Figure 1] as well as extremities and trunk [Figure 2]. Both eyelids showed multiple, well-defined beaded papules along the upper and lower margins (moniliform blepharosis) [Figure 1]. Skin over the extensor aspect of the elbows and knees was thickened and showed a few brownish, thickened plaques [Figure 3]. Upon oral examination, the sublingual frenulum and tongue were found to be infiltrated and thickened with inability to protrude the tongue beyond the oral cavity [Figure 4]. The tongue had a woody hard feel on palpation. The parents denied any history of epilepsy, behavioral disturbances, or similar ailment in any family member. A provisional diagnosis of lipoid proteinosis was made and subsequently confirmed by histopathological examination, which revealed periodic acid schiff (PAS)-positive, diastase-resistant eosinophilic material in dermis and walls of blood vessels [Figure 5]. Parents were counseled regarding the nature and progression of the disease.Figure 1: Multiple beaded papules on upper and lower eyelids in both eyes, with pock-like scars on nose and cheeksFigure 2: Multiple depressed scars over buttocks and thighsFigure 3: Brownish hyperpigmented plaques over both kneesFigure 4: Thickened, woody hard, and fixed tongue in oral cavityFigure 5: PAS-positive, diastase-resistant eosinophillic material deposition in perivascular and periadnexal spaces in dermis (20x)Lipoid proteinosis, also known as Urbach–Wiethe disease or hyalinosis cutis et mucosae, is a rare, autosomal recessive, inherited disorder associated with mutations in the ECM1 gene,[1] which encodes for the glycoprotein extracellular matrix protein 1. About 300 cases have been reported so far in the literature. The disease is characterized by deposition of hyaline material in oral cavity, skin, larynx, central nervous system, and others. It usually presents in infancy as hoarseness and weak cry that progressively worsens with age and may lead to aphonia[2] due to inelasticity of the vocal cords. The woody hard tongue is difficult to move or protrude outside oral cavity.[3] Skin susceptibility to trauma is marked and vesicles/bullae appear in crops, to subsequently heal with acneiform scars. The typical beaded papules along the upper and lower eyelid margins and brownish verrucous plaques over extensor surfaces such as elbows and knees are characteristic of the disease.[4] Poor nail growth, dental anomalies, and intracranial calcification in amygdala and temporal lobes leading to epilepsy or psychiatric disturbances may be seen.[5] Typical skin lesions, hoarseness, and thick immobile tongue usually suffice for clinical diagnosis, although other possible differential diagnoses, such as erythropoietic protoporphyria, amyloidosis, lichen myxedematosus and myxedema with hoarseness need to be carefully ruled out. Histology reveals hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and deposition of characteristic PAS-positive, diastase-resistant eosinophilic hyaline material in the perivascular, periadnexal areas as well as dermis and submucosa. Microlaryngeal surgery for vocal cords, blepharoplasty for eye lesions and dermabrasion, chemical peeling, and CO2 laser therapy for skin lesions may offer some symptomatic relief.[2] Favorable outcome with acitretin and d-penicillamine has been reported by some authors.[67] The overall prognosis of lipoid proteinosis is good, with normal life expectancy and stabilization of the disease in adulthood. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

Electrochemical processes in the patients oral cavity during their orthodontic treatment

Aim of research was to study the electrochemical potentials of metallic stomatological materials in oral cavity of patients who undergo orthodontic treatment that allows diminish the risk of the development of intolerance to metallic inclusions. Materials and methods of research. 22 patients of both sexes 15-40 years old underwent clinical examination. All patients had in their oral cavities the composition of several types of metallic inclusions: 3 persons – amalgam fillings and orthodontic apparatuses; 2 persons – one-piece steel crowns with ceramic coating and stationary retainers of the steel wire; 5 persons – bracket-system and retainers of wire. 12 persons underwent treatment with stationary apparatus. There were assessed the state of the mucous tunic in the oral cavity, the state of metallic inclusion surfaces and also there was measured the value of difference of electrochemical potentials between the metallic inclusions using biopotentialmeter BPM-03. Results of research . The identical galvanic couples in the oral cavity had the different value of voltage in different patients that is obviously connected with an influence of electrolytic factors of saliva. Despite the essential difference of potentials that was observed at presence of metallic inclusions in oral cavities of the most patients under observation the subjective and objective signs corresponding to galvanic syndrome were observed only in 4 patients. Conclusions The data on the level of electrochemical potentials in combination with information about the state of metallic inclusion surfaces and data on anamnesis have a great importance for assessment of the possibility of appearance of intolerance to metallic inclusions and for its prophylaxis in the oral cavity of patients who undergo orthodontic treatment. The combination of amalgam with orthodontic apparatus is the most unfavorable one from electrochemical point of view. Galvanic couples including bracket-system elements have the least effectiveness so the risk of appearance of intolerance to metallic inclusions is minimal

Editorial: [Hot Topic: Bio-Pharmaceutics and Materials in Oral Cavity

Editorial: [Hot Topic: Bio-Pharmaceutics and Materials in Oral Cavity

연하장애에 대한 병식이 없는 뇌졸중 환자들의 연하장애 유무와 양상

본 연구는 연하장애에 대한 병식이 없는 뇌졸중 환자들에서 연하장애의 유무와 양상을 알아보고자 시행되었다. 부산시에 소재하고 있는 P 재활의학병원을 내원한 뇌졸중 환자들 중 설문지 조사를 통하여 병식이 없다고 응답한 11명의 환자(남자 4명, 여자 7명)들을 최종대상으로 선정하였다. 설문지 조사, 비디오 투시 연하 조영 검사(video-fluoroscopic swallowing study, VFSS), 기능적 연하곤란 척도, 신경행동학적 인지상태 검사(neuro- behavioral cognitive status examination, NCSE)를 실시하였다. 결과 분석은 SPSS12.0을 사용하여 기술통계와 피어슨 상관분석을 하였다. 본 연구의 대상 뇌졸중 환자들 중 연하장애에 대한 병식이 없다고 응답한 환자들은 모두 연하장애를 동반하였다. 동반되는 연하장애의 양상으로는 구강기의 문제들과 인두기의 삼킴반사 지연이 있으며 인지적 특성에 있어서는 NCSE 항목 중 구성력, 기억력, 유사성이 다른 항목들보다 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 기능적 연하곤란 척도와 NCSE 항목들 간의 상관관계를 살펴본 결과 지남력과 판단력이 삼킴반사 지연과 언어이해가 구강 내 식괴의 잔여정도와 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 연하장애에 대한 병식이 없는 뇌졸중 환자들이 연하장애를 가질확률이 높다. 따라서 연하장애로 인한 합병증을 예방하고 작업치료의 효과를 높이기 위해 뇌졸중 환자들에게 조기에 연하장애 평가가 이루어져야 할 것이다. This study was performed to examine the presence of dysphagia and analyze characteristics of the symptoms in cerebrovascular accident(CVA) patients without awareness of dysphagia. A questionnaire for this study was given to CVA patients who had visited P rehabilitation medical center in Busan. Eleven patients (4 males and 7 females) who answered no awareness of dysphasia were given to VFSS, functional dysphasia scale, and NCSE. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were performed by SPSS 12.0. All of subjects without awareness of dysphasia showed characteristics of dysphasia symptoms. Prominent dysfunctions were problems in oral phase and delay of swallowing reflex in pharyngeal phase. For the aspect of cognition, they showed lower score in construction, memory, and similarity than other NCSE items. There was highly significant correlation between orientation, judgment and delay of swallowing reflex. Verbal comprehension and residual materials in oral cavity showed closed correlation. CVA patients without awareness had dysphagia with high probability. The early evaluation of dysphagia should be performed in CVA patients in order to prevent complications due to CVA, so it is necessary to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation therapy.

Release of Metal Ions from Orthodontic Appliances by In Vitro Studies: A Systematic Literature Review

In the present work, a systematic literature review on release of metal ions from orthodontic appliances under in vitro conditions is described. Detailed and schematic analysis of used materials and applied methods (immersion media, incubation time, temperature, and analytical techniques) is provided. The PubMed search identified 40 studies, among which eight met the selection criteria. One additional study was included in the review. All the authors agreed that the doses of released metal ions were far below the toxic level and the dietary intake. Although the concentrations of metal ions in immersion media greatly differed, the general conclusions were coherent. It must be underlined that the main disadvantage of in vitro tests was that the experimental setup did not reflect in vivo conditions, e.g., the presence of biofilm, which grows on the surface of the materials in oral cavity. The presence and activity of microflora to a large extent is responsible for the process of corrosion, in particular, biodeterioration. The further scheme of in vitro research should incorporate changeable conditions of oral cavity environment (pH, dynamic conditions-saliva flow) and the presence of microbiological flora (microbiological attack) in the experimental design and, first of all, the real proportions of appliance elements.

機能的印象材の物性に関する基礎的研究

At present time, the functional impression materials have been willingly used for performing the tissue treatment and taking the dynamic impression. However, the physical and mechanical properties of these materials in oral cavity are not elucidated sufficiently as yet. So the author measured the variation of the coefficient of viscosity and torsional shear modulus with time of the mixture mixed in various ratios at 23℃ and 37℃ for five commercial functional impression materials (Hi-soft, Hydrocast, Tri-plastic, Visco-gel, Tempo). In addition, the swelling of powder to liquid was examined by microscope and the water absorption of the functional impression material (powder-liquid mixture) was investigated by using gas chromatograph. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The working time of Hydro-cast, Hi-soft and Visco-gel was longer than that of Tri-plastic and Tempo, and the variation of torsional shear modulus and the coefficient of viscosity within working time were smaller. 2. The working time of the materials used was varied by mixing temperature and mixing ratio (P/L). When the temperature of mixture rose and ratio (P/L) increased, the working time was shortend. 3. The torsional shear modulus at 60 min from start of mix was 49.7×10^4dyne/cm^2 for Tri-plastic, 41.5×10^4dyne/cm^2 for Visco-gel, 22.4×10^4dyne/cm^2 for Hydro-cast, 21.0×10^4dyne/cm^2 for Tempo and 17.5×10^4dyne/cm^2 for Hi-soft. 4. The materials used in this investigation lost ethanol and absorbed water by soaking in distilled water.