Building Materials Research Articles

Experimental study on flexural fatigue resistance of fiber-reinforced sustainable walnut shell ash mortar

In recent research on building materials, researchers have increasingly focused on replacing cement with agricultural waste. This approach offers significant advantages in terms of reducing global CO2 emissions and promoting the sustainability of building materials. In this paper, the use of the agricultural waste walnut shell ash (WSA) to partially replace cement in sustainable green mortars is explored. Specifically, equal amounts of WSA (5%, 10% and 15%) were used to replace cement. To offset the reduction in strength caused by the partial replacement of cement with WSA, basalt fibers were added to the mortar mixture. The effect of these fibers on the mechanical properties of the WSA-reinforced mortar was examined in compression tests, split tensile tests, and flexural fatigue cycle tests. In the flexural fatigue tests, the parameter and length of basalt fibers were varied and different stress levels (0.85, 0.8 and 0.75) were applied. The fatigue equations were developed using the Weibull model and p–s–n curves with a survival probability of 0.5 were derived. The results showed that the compressive strength and split tensile strength of the specimens increased with the addition of basalt fibers, with maximum values of 34.7 MPa and 3.8 MPa, respectively, and maximum increases of 8.78% and 21.95%, respectively. In addition, the average fatigue life of WSA mortar was 247,541 cycles, which increased by 139.26% when the stress level was 0.75, fiber length was 9 mm, and dosage was 0.3%. The linear regression fitting showed good correlation and provided valuable insights for practical engineering applications.

Eco-Sustainable Building Materials in Cameroon: Straw in Contemporary Architecture

The construction industry in Cameroon is facing increasing pressure to adopt more sustainable practices to mitigate environmental degradation and promote energy efficiency. This article explores the potential of straw as an eco-sustainable building material, particularly in the context of contemporary architecture in Garoua- Cameroon. Straw, a renewable resource, offers several benefits, including low embodied energy, excellent thermal insulation, and local availability, making it an ideal material for sustainable construction in the region. This article reviews global examples of straw-based architecture, examines the advantages and challenges of using straw in construction, and proposes practical applications for straw in Cameroon. Finally, it discusses the implications of adopting eco-sustainable practices in the country’s construction industry and highlights the need for updated building regulations and training programs to support the wider use of alternative building materials.

Determination of ultrafine particle number emission factors from building materials in standardized conditions

Abstract When comparing the particle emissivity for different materials and/or mechanical activities, a serious methodological issue emerges due to the dynamic nature of solid aerosols. Particle size distribution and concentration depend on initial particle emission that constantly evolves due to aerodynamic collisions. In this context, we propose a methodological approach and an experimental setup that enables to assess the release of fine/ultra-fine particles maintaining a steady-state inhalable mass concentration, here chosen at the Swiss occupational exposure level value for biopersistent granular particles (OEL: 10 mg/m3) in a controlled ventilation chamber. As a case study, this methodological protocol was tested in the occupational exposure scenario in which a series of insulating materials based on silica aerogel and conventional mortar and concrete were subjected to handling or sawing. Once the OEL was reached, the particle size distribution and morphology of the aerosols were characterized using direct reading instruments (scanning mobility sizer, aerosol photometer) and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) analyses. As a main result, the presence of silica aerogel in the mortar did not modify the emission profile for submicronic particles during sawing in comparison to the bulk mortar. Emission factors for ultra-fine particles were found to be 88 × 106 and 81 × 106 particles/µg of inhalable dust for the aerogel mortar and bulk mortar, respectively. For concrete sawing, the number concentration of submicronic particles at the OEL is one order of magnitude greater. The aerogel-glass-wool handling generated similar particle number concentration at the OEL with ultra-fine particle emission factors of 647 × 106 particles/µg of inhalable dust, in comparison to 758 × 106 particles/µg of inhalable dust during dry concrete sawing. In conclusion, the methodology introduced in this work provides standardized particle emission factors for comparing materials and activities, while establishing a link between particle number emissions and occupational exposure limits.

Fabrication of Long‐Lasting Superhydrophilic Anti‐Fogging Film Via Rapid and Simple UV Process

AbstractSurface fogging is a common phenomenon that can result in restricted visibility, reduced light absorption, and image distortion. Although both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces are effective in preventing this phenomenon, typical coatings in both have limitations, including low durability and the need for frequent reapplication. To address these issues, a highly durable anti‐fogging film that lasts over five weeks, even under high moisture conditions, while maintaining a promising degree of transparency (> 60%) is developed. A novel statistical random copolymer containing superhydrophilic and photo‐crosslinkable segments that can be simultaneously crosslinked and chemically bonded to various substrates via a simple ultraviolet (UV) irradiation process is synthesized. Notably, the chemical bonding between the anti‐fogging coating and substrate improves not only the durability but also the resistance to external forces and environmental changes. Furthermore, this film is versatile and applicable to diverse substrates, such as car windshields, polymer films, and aluminum foil. The innovative strategy offers a simple, rapid process and durable anti‐fogging performance with broad applications in the automotive industry, optical devices, and building materials.

StarchCrete: A starch-based biocomposite concrete for lightweight building material applications

StarchCrete is a novel composite material that utilizes starch as a biobased binder, replacing traditional inorganic binders. The composite was prepared using varying hemp shives ratios (from 0−1) at constant sand: corn starch: water ratio (5:1:1). The mixture was manually compacted into a mold and heated under microwave radiation. The effect of different starches on a composite’s compressive strength was investigated. The result reveals that high-viscosity starch leads to strong compressive strength. Increasing the hemp shives ratio significantly reduced thermal conductivity (from 0.52 to 0.15 W/(m·K)) and thermal diffusivity (from 0.85 to 0.35 mm2/s). With its strong compressive strength (2.8 MPa), low density (887 kg/m3), and low thermal conductivity (0.18 W/(m·K)), the hemp shives ratio of 0.5 was deemed appropriate. Furthermore, coating the material with paraffin wax improved its water resistance, extending its durability from 7 to 16 days, making it suitable for industrial applications.

Bamboo (Dendrocalamus Asper) as an Eco-Friendly Sustainable Material: Optimising Mechanical Properties and Enhancing Load-Bearing Capacity for Environmental Architectural Design

This study will assess the utilisation of Bamboo (a Thai vernacular material) in the construction industry. Bamboo is a sustainable and environmentally friendly material which provides a suitable alternative to traditional construction materials. This research will examine its mechanical strength properties as determined by a review of the existing literature and an examination of the bearing area variations of bamboo nodes. The research data and ensuing experiments facilitated the simulation of the load-bearing capacities of bamboo columnar and beam structures via optimisation. Additionally, this study examined the limitations of bamboo-based structures. The assimilation of mechanical property data and bamboo strength was imperative for the production of load-bearing simulations for bamboo columns and beams within ANSYS software. In many countries, bamboo is a commonly employed construction material because of the many benefits it provides such as its rapid growth speed. The compressive strength tests conducted in this study revealed that the middle nodes could withstand up to 64.9 kN, which was the highest value amongs the three samples tested. These findings will contribute to ongoing optimisation and research regarding the damage mechanisms affecting column and beam structures under load. Notably, this damage was prevalent at the junctures of column and beam interfaces. The intention is to conduct additional research that will enhance the current understanding and ensure the sustainability of bamboo as an architectural building material.

Split wooden rods for novel wood-based boards in the construction sector

Wood has been utilized as a building material for thousands of years. Nowadays, its renewable nature and carbon-storing capacity can become important factors in climate change mitigation efforts. This has led to a resurgence of timber engineering in recent years, with impressive multi-story timber buildings worldwide. However, it should not be overlooked that the wood sector will face several challenges in the coming years and decades to pave the way to a leading role of wood in the desired transition toward bioeconomy. Based on the assumption that an increasing demand for wood will make it a more precious resource, a couple of strains will emerge across the entire value chain of wood processing. This calls for innovations to address issues arising from predicted changes in resource provision, to increase material yields, and to promote reuse after the end of life. Our conceptual article proposes a new wood separation and processing method. This approach is inspired by the well-known production of wood shingles and is currently being developed for the implementation of new wood-based products.

Interactive Kinetic Facade with Design for Disassembly (DfD) strategy: improving energy efficiency and circularity of building materials in tropical climate

ABSTRACT Building is a significant contributor to energy and material consumption. In tropical countries, the primary energy consumer in buildings is Air Conditioning (AC), driven by the cooling load from solar radiation. Interactive Kinetic Facade (IKF) can reduce building energy consumption by mitigating solar radiation. Furthermore, IKF has drawbacks in maintenance and disassembly. Therefore, this study proposed a Design for Disassembly (DfD) strategy that allows building components to easily disassemble for reuse. The objective of this study was to investigate the application of IKF with DfD strategy in the Engineering Center (EC) building facade. This study proposed a combination of on-site measurements, simulations, and calculations to comprehend the impact of IKF with DfD strategy implementation on energy consumption and material reusability. This research found that implementing IKF with the DfD strategy can significantly reduce solar radiation through building facade. The reduction can be indicated by a decrease of several parameters, Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) by 59%, annual operative temperature by 2.53°C and Energy Use Intensity (EUI) by 47.43%. In addition, the facade disassembly process is simpler with only 1 tool and 4 stages. This study could serve as a reference to improve energy efficiency and material reusability in building sector.

Discussion of “Thermal conductivity of porous building materials: An exploration of new challenges in fractal modelling solutions”

In November 2023 this journal published “Thermal conductivity of porous building ma­terials: An exploration of new challenges in fractal modelling solutions”. That paper gauges four fractal building materials’ thermal conductivity models, concluding that fractal-geometry-based approa­ches appear “a promising method” as they “demonstra­te high reliability in repro­ducing experimental data”. This discussion of the pa­per aims to shine a different light on the potential of fractal thermal conductivity models. It shows that good agreement with experimental data usually ori­ginates from calibration of various “physical” factors comprised in these models, with the fitted numbers commonly deviating from physical rea­lity. Moreover, exemplary instances reveal that good agreement with experimental data is obtained des­pite misinterpretation of measured outcomes or critical defects in model development, or, exceptio­nally, due to fabrication of validation information. This discussion does hence not share the pa­per’s positive opinion on the prospects of fractal-geometry-ba­sed ther­­mal conductivity models, and advises caution instead.

Research and development of wood-cement composites as sustainable building materials based on secondary resources

Research and development of wood-cement composites as sustainable building materials based on secondary resources

The Properties of Bricks Made from Recycled HDPE

Plastic waste, particularly high-density polyethylene (HDPE), poses significant environmental challenges due to its non-biodegradable nature. Recycling HDPE into building materials, such as bricks, offers a sustainable solution to mitigate these impacts. This study investigates the properties of bricks made from recycled HDPE, focusing on their compressive strength, water absorption, and durability. The results indicate that HDPE bricks exhibit superior mechanical properties, including higher compressive strength and lower water absorption compared to traditional clay bricks. These bricks are lightweight, cost-effective, and demonstrate excellent durability, making them a viable alternative for sustainable construction. The research highlights the potential of recycled HDPE bricks in reducing plastic waste and promoting environmental sustainability. The intensifying generation of plastic waste presents a significant environmental challenge worldwide. Plastic waste, due to its non-biodegradable nature, contributes to land and water pollution, requiring the exploration of sustainable waste management solutions. Recycling plastic waste into building materials, such as bricks, offers a potential solution to mitigate environmental impacts. This research aimed to investigate the integration of plastic waste into building materials through a comprehensive study using experimental testing, software analysis, and structural design. The ETAB analysis demonstrated that the HDPE model exhibited lower bending moments and axial loads compared to the concrete model, suggesting superior mechanical properties and load-carrying capacity. This research contributes to the understanding of the behaviour and performance of plastic bricks in structural applications, enabling the development of sustainable and efficient building designs that incorporate plastic waste materials. Key Words: Plastic Waste, Environmental Challenge, Non-Biodegradable, Sustainable Solutions, Experimental Study, Plastic Bricks, Alternative Building Materials, Methodology, Comparable Strength, Plastic Waste Crisis.

Development of Interactive Learning Media Using Android-based Google Sites to Increase Students' Interest in Learning

In this study, researchers found a problem: there is still a lack of student interest in learning mathematics due to the media provided, which is less innovative and interactive, so students feel bored. Therefore, this research aims to (1) develop interactive learning media using Google Sites based on Android to increase student learning interest in Flat Buildings material grade VII SMP / MTs, (2) test the feasibility of the media, and (3) increase student learning interest. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the 4-D development model (Define, Design, Development, Disseminate). The instruments used were expert validation, student response, learning interest, and pretest-posttest questionnaires. The results of this study obtained an average value from media experts of 92% with a very feasible category, while material experts obtained an average of 84% with a feasible category. The results of the N-Gain test obtained an average value of 82%, and the results of the student interest questionnaire of 76.62%. These results show that Android-based Google Sites learning media effectively increases student interest in learning. It can be concluded that interactive learning media using Android-based Google Sites is feasible and effective in increasing student interest in learning.

Summer Energy Use and Comfort Analysis in Rural Chinese Dwellings: A Case Study of Low-Income Older Populations in Shandong

This paper aims to investigate the indoor environmental conditions and energy use behaviours of older individuals in rural cold climates of China, with a specific focus on cooling practices during the summer months in the Shandong region. This study employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative indoor environmental monitoring with qualitative interviews and observations, to explore the relationship between environmental factors, household living conditions, and energy use patterns across five types of elderly households: three generations living together, older people living with grandchildren, older people living with children, older couples living together, and older people living alone. Data collection was conducted over five weeks during the summer of 2023 using HOBO UX100-003 data loggers, while external weather conditions were monitored by the China Meteorological Administration. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to gain deeper insights into daily cooling behaviours and energy use. The results reveal that cooling practices and indoor environmental conditions vary significantly among the different household types. Multigenerational households showed more complex energy use dynamics, with younger family members frequently operating high-energy appliances like air conditioners, while older individuals tended to rely on natural ventilation and electric fans to reduce energy costs. In contrast, older couples and solitary older individuals demonstrated more conservative cooling behaviours, often enduring higher indoor temperatures due to limited financial resources and a desire to minimize energy expenditures. Despite the high energy use intensity in some households, many homes failed to achieve comfortable indoor environments, particularly in dwellings with minimal insulation and older building materials. This study concludes that economic status, household structure, and building characteristics play crucial roles in shaping cooling behaviours and indoor comfort during the summer.

Supply security beyond mines and scrap recycling: valorization potential of metallurgical residues.

In the context of the European Critical Raw Materials Act, this work attempts to demonstrate the potential of residual material flows from non-ferrous metallurgy and their possible contribution to the supply security of metals by locally available new secondary resources, assuming technically and economically viable processing. Based on the aluminium, zinc, copper and lead industries, the resulting waste streams are discussed and, in particular, the complex process consisting of physical, chemical and metallurgical steps is described. Their diversity, be it slags, dusts or even sludges, has a wide variety of morphologies and compositions due to the process of generation. In the past, many concepts for reprocessing were investigated, but the goal was usually only the recovery of one target element or to avoid landfilling by using it, for example, as a building material, whereby the metals contained are completely lost. If the target is the extraction of valuables, the required interdisciplinary process development must be based on an in-depth characterization to understand the behaviour of metals and trace elements in possible extraction steps and also to develop suitable strategies for influencing the behaviour of target elements with the aim of extraction. This starts with an in-depth comprehension of the formation process, which is the subject of this article and has a direct influence on the composition and morphology of the materials, thus forming the basis for understanding the behaviour in potential recycling processes. Furthermore, typical compositions of the residual material streams, sources and, if available, quantities are shown and, in summary, an attempt is made to evaluate the materials in a SWOT analysis and to address the challenges in developing extraction steps for processing. While mine tailings are mostly found outside of Europe, the potential of the residual materials from metallurgy is local due to the processing of the concentrates in Europe. This leads to several potential advantages in a possible reprocessing, such as no or shorter transport routes, which is linked to lower quantity of emissions, defined volume and known composition, no geopolitical risk, conservation of primary resources, and increasing Europe's sustainability through a more comprehensive use of the raw materials.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Sustainable metals: science and systems'.

Adhesive paperboard connections in architectural applications: modelling, characterization, and performance assessment

ABSTRACT Paper-based elements have been researched as cheap and pro-ecological building materials for several decades and bonding is the most widely used method of joining them. However, adhesives may increase the cost, weight, and environmental impact of the component. The suitability of different adhesive types for paper-based building component bonding has not yet been researched. This work evaluates the properties of six types of commercially available adhesives – polyvinyl acetate, dextrin, and synthetic rubber. The results of single-lap tensile tests served as the input for a Goland–Reissner model of adhesive stresses. The elastic properties of the adhesives were estimated based on tensile test results – Shear modulus ranging from 0.626 to 1.097 MPa and Young’s modulus from 0.703 to 2.940 MPa. The modelled shear strength ranged from 1.1922 to 1.6115 MPa and the peel strength from 0.3265 to 0.5894 MPa. Recommendations for adhesive use in paper-based building elements are formulated. Polyvinyl acetate adhesives may be recommended for general use; however, the use of starch/dextrin adhesives should not be neglected. The presented work successfully demonstrates a methodology to obtain properties of adhesives for the mechanical assessment of the bonds from simple tensile tests of single-lap joints.

Determining the Exposure Routes and Risk Assessment of Isocyanates in Indoor Environments.

Isocyanates are used as raw materials for polyurethane foams, paints, and building materials. The isocyanates can cause acute adverse health effects such as irritation of the respiratory tract, skin, and eyes, and induce asthma and sick house syndrome. However, investigations into the potential sources and risk assessments of indoor isocyanates are limited. Thus, this study aimed to determine the sources and exposure routes of isocyanates and to assess their risk in indoor environments. The results showed that household products, such as infant chairs, mattresses, and polyurethane foam spray, used in indoor environments are potential sources of atmospheric isocyanic acids (ICA). Toluene diisocyanate and methyl isocyanate pose relatively high risks to indoor environments. Total concentrations of isocyanates ranged from 38.2 to 1570ngg-1 in infant chairs, mattresses, and spray polyurethane foams. The indoor products can be indoor sources of ICA because emission rates of ICA from household products were observed in all products (0.0536-1.37ngg-1 d-1). Field observations showed that isocyanate concentrations in house-dust samples ranged from 0.194±0.126 (ethyl isocyanate) to 70.1±67.8 (ICA)ngg-1. Atmospheric isocyanate concentrations ranged from 0.0030±0.020 (propyl isocyanate) to 26.0±14.3 (ICA)ng m-3. An estimation of human exposure demonstrated that air inhalation was the major route of isocyanate exposure. The minimum margin of exposure values of methyl isocyanate and toluene diisocyanate were 523 and 655, respectively, for children, indicating that they may pose a relatively high risk.

Spatiotemporal Moisture Field

For monitoring capillary moisture conduction, the most important parameter is the moisture conductivity coefficient, which is a material characteristic; however, its use in practical calculations is not very common. For further development in the field of liquid moisture propagation, an automated measuring apparatus has been developed and granted a European patent. Its essence lies in detecting the liquid water content based on a well-known physical phenomenon: electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range. The determination of the spatiotemporal moisture field is the first and fundamental step for describing transportation phenomena. The moisture field thus created allows for the viewing of the moisture conductivity coefficient, which is one of the most important parameters in describing transportation phenomena as a function of moisture. The presence of water in building materials can significantly affect their physical properties, such as mechanical or thermal–technical characteristics. This may lead to unacceptable consequences, which might only manifest after a certain period of time. In the case of multi-layered structures, moisture can transfer from one material to another. Therefore, it is essential to address this process. The advantage of the software solution described by the methodology is the use of an open communication protocol in the form of a synchronized array, which is not common in typical applications of this type. The principle of separating hardware modules is also unusual for devices of this type, as it requires the independent communication of each module with the control software. Mutual communication is handled exclusively at the software level, making it possible to modify, optimize, or parameterize the procedures as needed. Upon closer examination of the wetting curves of various materials, anomalies were revealed in some of their structures. This can be advantageously utilized in the research of newly developed composite materials. The assembled system of measuring instruments, their software integration, and control provide a foundation for the practical application of the described procedures and methods for determining the moisture field of building materials. The parameterization of individual processes, as well as the open access to data, allows for the optimization of the methodology, as materials of entirely different characteristics may require an individual approach, which will certainly contribute to the advancement of science and research in this area. Currently, this work is being followed by further extensive studies, not yet published by the authors, focusing on the application of the described moisture field to evaluate the moisture conductivity coefficient as a function dependent on the material’s mass moisture content. Their application requires specific mathematical and programming approaches due to the significant volume of data involved.

Interpreting environmental impacts of wooden windows based on existing EPDs: An application in Italy

To meet climate targets, it is necessary to adopt robust and recognized methods, such as life cycle assessment (LCA), to evaluate emissions, particularly from building materials. As shown in the literature, embodied impacts have become as significant as operational impacts. The embodied impacts of a specific product are given in a transparent and quantitative manner in environmental product declarations (EPDs), based on LCA results. Windows play a crucial role in the energy performance of buildings. In fact, they typically account for 10 %–25 % of the exposed area of a building, resulting in more than 60 % of its total energy loss. In Italy, wooden windows make up 28 % of the window market and are the cheapest option for mild climates over a timeline of 60 years. However, an important element is still missing: a simplified interpretation of EPD results to enable straightforward, balanced comparisons of the environmental performance between alternatives. In this context, an analysis based EPDs of wooden windows is proposed, with a focus on production and use stages, for the six Italian climate zones. The three main steps of the study are: 1) evaluation of the influence of window properties on the embedded impacts; 2) assessment of maintenance scenarios; and 3) estimation of operational impacts regarding window properties and exposed climate. The results suggest that the influence of thermal transmittance, wood type and exposed climate is higher for cold climates due to better performing production materials and more frequent maintenance during service life.

Performance and mechanism of the structure formation and physical-mechanical properties of concrete by modification with nanodiamonds

Nanomodifying additives in the building materials production is a relevant and widely studied topic in current building materials science. Nanodiamonds are used in various fields of science and technology. However, they were not used as a modifying additive in the production of building composite materials. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism of interaction of chemically pure cavitation synthesis nanodiamonds (КНА-НС) with cement concrete on the structure formation and mechanical properties of fresh and hardened concrete. These KHA-HC nanodiamonds are carbon sp3 hybridized nanoparticles with a diamond-like structure and a particle size in a cross section of not more than 3nm, shaped close to spherical and a clear mono modal distribution throughout the entire fractional composition, with a maximum of 1nm to 3nm. During the research, the initial components were selected, the compatibility of these components was checked, including the formation of test samples, the properties of fresh concrete, the density of hardened concrete, compressive and flexural strength at various ages of hardening (2, 7, 14 and 28 days) were studied using standard methods, and X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy of concrete were also carried out. It has been established that the addition of KHA-HC accelerates the process of concrete strength gain. The greatest effect was recorded for concrete aged 2 days. With an optimal KHA-HC content of 0.4%, the increases in compressive and flexural strength were 28.6% and 26.1%, respectively. The addition of KHA-HC in all considered ranges from 0.1% to 1.0% has a positive effect on the strength properties of concrete. The most effective dosage is 0.4%. The increases in compressive and flexural strength of concrete at an age of 28 days were 15.1% and 15.7%, respectively. Nanomodification of concrete with the KHA-HC additive does not affect the phase composition of concrete. The effect of “self-reinforcement of cement matrix” put forward in this study is confirmed by images of the microstructure of the cement matrix with a large accumulation of calcium hydrosilicate zones.

Novel ethylbenzyl and hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium collectors for co-reverse flotation desilication and impurity removal from phosphogypsum: Flotation performance and mechanism

In the reverse flotation process for desilication and impurity removal from phosphogypsum (PG), quaternary ammonium salts are commonly used as cationic collectors, but their selectivity and stability under strongly acidic conditions are limited. In this study, for the first time, dodecyl-dimethyl-ethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDEA) and dodecyl-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-methyl ammonium chloride (2HEAC-12), were used as collectors for the PG co-reverse flotation desilication and impurity removal. Flotation experiments show that both DDEA and 2HEAC-12 collectors exhibit good desilication and impurity removal performance for PG, whereas DDEA shows superior selectivity for quartz than that of 2HEAC-12. When DDEA and 2HEAC-12 were used as collectors, the purity of dihydrate gypsum in obtained PG concentrates was 94.88% and 93.47%, respectively, meeting the first-grade standard for PG used as a building material (GB/T 23456–2018). Adsorption experiments indicate that the adsorption of both collectors on quartz and dihydrate gypsum follows the Langmuir model, suggesting monolayer physical adsorption. Both collectors exhibit a higher selectivity for quartz than dihydrate gypsum. The adsorption process was mainly accomplished by electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds. The adsorption process was mainly accomplished by electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds. This work provides a viable strategy for developing collectors for PG co-reverse flotation efficient desilication and impurity removal.