Asphalt Mixture Materials Research Articles

Effect of Recycled Asphalt Mixture and Solid Waste-Based Solidification Materials on Performance of Cold-Regenerated Asphalt Mixture

In this study, an aging asphalt mixture was regenerated by a waste-based rejuvenator and cemented by solid waste-based solidification materials (SSMs). A splitting test, wheel tracking test, and three-point bending test were conducted to evaluate the properties of the regenerated asphalt mixture (RAM). The results reveal that the properties of the asphalt mixture were not diminished or were moderately enhanced by the 30% substitution of RAP. With the substitution of RAP to 100%, the splitting tensile strength, dynamic stability, and splitting strength ratio were decreased by 13%, 15%, and 5%, respectively. With the 100% substitution of SSMs for cement, the compressive strength, dynamic stability, flexural strain, and splitting strength ratios of the RAM were increased by 40%, 32%%, 14%, and 8%, respectively. The lightweight components can be supplemented, and low-temperature deformation and interlayer flowability can be improved by the incorporation of the rejuvenator. The generation of hydrated calcium silicate and ettringite for SSMs is greater than those of cement. The massive generation of ettringite has been observed to increase the solid phase volume by 120%, which may facilitate a more complete filling of the remaining pores in the RAM due to water evaporation. The regeneration and cement on green and the high performance of the rejuvenator and the SSM markedly enhanced RAM performance.

Modelling indirect tensile strength of warm mix asphalt with variable reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content

Introduction. There is a world-wide trend to also increase the sustainability of the road sector. The growing use of various industrial by-products, together with economical and eco-friendly construction and maintenance techniques can be observed in many countries. Problem Statement. The utilization of warm mix asphalt and the use of relatively high share of reclaimed asphalt materials in new asphalt mixtures can have negative features, as well. Purpose. Modelling indirect tensile strength of warm mix asphalt with variable reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content was aimed at based on Hungarian laboratory test series.

In-situ acoustic emission investigation of asphalt fracture process and damage quantification for different asphalt mixtures

Abstract The identification of cracking damage and the dynamic diagnosis of damage evolution are of great importance to prolong the service life of asphalt mixture materials. Acoustic emission (AE) can identify the formation and propagation of cracks by detecting the released energy of the damage; therefore, it provides a viable real-time technique to estimate the damage state in the context of structural health monitoring. In this study, the crack formation and propagation of three different asphalt mixtures were investigated using in-situ AE monitoring and microscopy imaging. A three-point bending test was performed using specimens fabricated from three different types of asphalt mixtures. The variation of AE parameters such as the cumulative AE energy and the AE count was obtained and correlated with the crack sizes to characterize the damage process of the three mixtures. Based on the AE parameters, the whole damage process can be divided into three distinct phases, namely, the elastic deformation, damage accumulation, and crack propagation. The AE parameters in the three different mixtures show unique features, and they can be used to capture the transition between phases and identify the damage state. A universal power law model is proposed to correlate the AE energy and the crack density for different types of asphalt mixtures, providing a viable means for damage quantification and predictive maintenance.

Mechanical Analysis through Non-Destructive Testing of Recycled Porous Friction Course Asphalt Mixture

This study assessed the mechanical performance of porous asphalt mixtures, specifically the porous friction course (PFC), incorporating 10% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and rubberized asphalt. Three different methods were investigated to evaluate the stiffness of the mixtures: the resilience modulus (RM) test at a single temperature and loading frequency, the complex modulus |E*| test from compressive loading conducted at various temperatures and frequencies, and the impact resonance (IR) tests performed at three temperatures with five impacts applied to the mixture. The results demonstrated that the RAP-containing mixture exhibited a higher resilience modulus at all tested temperatures, indicating greater stiffness compared to the mixture without RAP. Additionally, the IR and |E*| tests revealed similar behavior between the two evaluated mixtures. These findings suggest that both quasi-static and vibrational tests are suitable for characterizing the stiffness of porous asphalt mixtures due to the similarity in the viscoelastic parameters of the two investigated mixtures. This study provides important insights into the practical and scientific application of recycled and modified materials in porous asphalt mixtures.

Evaluation of an Asphalt Mixture Containing a High Content of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Materials with Epoxy Asphalt

The average content of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) materials in asphalt mixtures for new pavements is around 22% in the current paving practices in the United States. Increasing this content has significant economic and environmental benefits. This study explored the approach of producing asphalt mixtures with 100% RAP materials by adding a small percentage of epoxy asphalt. Specimens of 100% RAP mixtures with low contents of epoxy asphalt were fabricated and evaluated in the laboratory for their properties related to pavement performance, including Marshall stability and flow, indirect tensile strength, resistance to moisture damage, resistance to fatigue damage, and fracture resistance. The results showed that the specimens made of 100% RAP materials selected in this study without a new binder or rejuvenator had low workability and high Marshall stability and indirect tensile strength but poor resistance to moisture damage and fatigue damage. A low percentage (0.5 to 2%) of epoxy asphalt significantly improved the resistance to moisture and fatigue damage of the 100% RAP mixture, and this improvement increased with the epoxy asphalt content. The fracture resistance of the 100% RAP mixture was also significantly improved by a low dosage of epoxy asphalt at a low temperature (8 °C), but the improvement was less significant at a moderate temperature of 25 °C.

Performance evaluation of SBS-modified asphalt mixtures incorporating waste tire rubber and HDPE

Based on the functional complementarity of waste tire rubber (WTR) and waste high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in asphalt, this study presents a novel approach that simultaneously utilizes WTR and HDPE for modification and substitution of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified asphalt. Through experiments on three major indicators, the dosage ratios of the three polymers are scientifically designed using the response surface methodology, and four different ratios of SBS-HDPE-WTR are selected to prepare modified asphalt mixtures. Performance evaluations are conducted on various pavement properties, including high-temperature stability, low-temperature crack resistance, water stability, fatigue resistance, and aging resistance, by comparing them to the reference 4% SBS-modified asphalt mixture. The results demonstrate that the addition of WTR significantly improves the elastic properties and fatigue resistance of the mixture, while the addition of HDPE enhances its high-temperature stability and aging resistance. The SBS-HDPE-WTR asphalt mixtures, designed with appropriate ratios, exhibit superior high-temperature stability, low-temperature crack resistance, and fatigue resistance. Therefore, the use of these waste materials in asphalt mixtures offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution for the construction industry.

Fracture characteristics of asphalt mixtures containing asphalt millings with geosynthetic fragments

The increasing cost of asphalt and environmental concerns have created a greater interest in exploring the possibility of incorporating higher percentages of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) materials in asphalt mixtures. However, increasing the RAP content can adversely affect some of the properties of asphalt mixtures, including their cracking resistance potential. Consequently, finding a solution that accommodates incorporating higher RAP contents into the asphalt mixture is crucial. Moreover, geosynthetics has gained significant popularity as an anti-reflective cracking system in asphalt pavements, which may lead to the possibility of milling asphalt layers with geosynthetic interlayers. Thus, research studies need to be conducted to understand the characteristics and behaviour of RAP obtained from asphalt layers with geosynthetic interlayers (referred herein as GRAP). The objective of this study is to investigate the cracking characteristics of asphalt mixtures containing different percentages (0, 15, and 30%) of RAP and GRAP material using cross-shear tests. Results indicated that the addition of GRAP into the asphalt mixture by about 30% significantly improves the performance of asphalt mixtures against crack initiation and propagation compared to those asphalt mixtures containing only RAP. Overall, it can be inferred that the presence of geosynthetic fragments could increase the possibility of incorporating higher percentage of RAP in asphalt mixtures.

Performance Characteristics of Micro Rubber SIR 20 in Asphalt Mixtures

The development of innovative SIR 20 rubber materials in asphalt mixtures has been carried out by many previous researchers. However, there are still difficulties in the mixing process. Therefore, in this study, SIR 20 rubber was used in micro form to facilitate the mixing process. This research aims to evaluate the impact of incorporating Micro Rubber (MR) SIR 20 as a replacement for asphalt in the AC-WC mixture. The methodology involved testing the morphological characteristics of MR SIR 20 using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and EDS analysis, followed by assessing the mixture’s properties through the Marshall test. MR SIR 20 was used in proportions of 7%, 9%, and 11%. The Marshall test results indicated that adding MR SIR 20 enhances the Marshall characteristics of the AC-WC asphalt mixture compared to conventional mixtures. Additionally, increasing the MR SIR 20 content in the asphalt reduces the required optimum asphalt content relative to conventional mixtures.

The influence of recycled asphalt pavement materials on low and intermediate fracture behavior of asphalt concrete (AC) after exposing to different thawing and freezing periods

The effects of compaction process, mixture type and environmental conditions on mode I cracking resistance of asphalt concrete (AC) materials was investigated experimentally. To do that, a large number of edge notched disc bend specimens containing 0, 25 and 50% recycled asphalt mixture (RAP) material and exposed to different numbers of thawing and freezing cycles (0 to 10 cycles) were fractured. The critical values of stress intensity factor and fracture energy indexes were obtained for the AC mixtures at three test temperatures of −25, 0 and + 25 °C. Based on the results, the fracture resistance capacity of the AC mixture was decreased by increasing the RAP content, number of thawing/freezing cycles and decreasing the test temperature. The effect of thawing/freezing cycles on decreasing the cracking resistance was more pronounced for the first cycles and the variations of fracture toughness and fracture energy values with the numbers of thawing/freezing cycles showed a plateau form for higher numbers of cycles. The fracture curves of the tested samples manufactured using the Gyratory compaction method was upper than the related curves of samples made by Marshall compaction method. The sensitivity of fracture results (i.e., gradient of reduction in the fracture resistance versus freeze/thaw cycles) became low by increasing the test temperature.

Influence of the composite interface on the mechanical properties of semi-flexible pavement materials

Semi-flexible pavement (SFP) materials, composed of porous asphalt mixture (PAM) and cement-based grouting material, are multiphase composites commonly used in roadway construction. However, damage frequently occurs at the composite interface of two-phase materials, and most SFP research has focused on the design of grouting material, with insufficient attention given to the composite interface. This paper aims to investigate the effect of bonding properties between organic PAM and inorganic grout on the mechanical properties of SFP. To investigate the different bonding properties of the SFP asphalt-grout interface, a simple method was employed, in which PAM specimens were immersed in a silane coupling agent solution to form a layer of coupling agent on the PAM surface. A series of SFP specimens were created using PAM with a porosity of 28–30%, and different strength grouting materials (40 MPa, 60 MPa, 70 MPa), and three laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate their mechanical properties. The results demonstrated that the interfacial bonding strength between asphalt and grouting material significantly influences the low-temperature splitting tensile strength, uniaxial penetration strength and uniaxial compression strength of SFP. Compared to specimens formed from high-strength grouting materials, SFP specimens immersed in a silane coupling agent solution exhibited superior low-temperature splitting tensile strength (2.06 MPa > 1.97 MPa, 2.63 MPa > 2.34 MPa) and shear strength (7.28 MPa > 6.46 MPa, 7.97 MPa > 7.26 MPa). As a result, this study highlights the importance of considering the bonding properties of the asphalt-grout interface in the design and preparation of SFP. The results of this study can be useful for enhancing the performance and durability of SFP materials in a more economically efficient way.

The Effect of Incorporating 100% of Undiluted and Diluted Reclaimed Epoxy Asphalt Materials into Pervious Cement Mixes

In order to improve the sustainability of road pavements, transportation agencies should consider designing pavements with recycled materials such as reclaimed epoxy asphalt pavement. Epoxy asphalt has recently attracted significant attention from the pavement community as a superior-performing binder that can help achieve long-lasting pavements. The recyclability of a proven long-life pavement material, such as epoxy asphalt, has now become one concern in promoting the use of epoxy asphalt binder in road pavements. Due to its thermosetting nature, the usual process of reclaiming asphalt pavement cannot be performed on epoxy asphalt pavement. Recent studies have investigated utilizing reclaimed epoxy asphalt materials in asphalt mixtures as black rock. In light of this, examining the use of reclaimed epoxy materials in cement-concrete mixes is important. The use of reclaimed epoxy asphalt materials in pavement construction is expected to gain more popularity and become a new sustainable construction option in various sustainable pavement applications in the near future. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of incorporating 100% reclaimed epoxy asphalt (hereinafter referred to as “epoxy RAP”) and reclaimed diluted epoxy asphalt materials (hereinafter referred to as “diluted epoxy RAP”) into cement-concrete mixes on the performance of the mixtures. The study also examined the effects of replacing cement with 5% silica fume on the performance of reclaimed mixtures. Five different mixtures were fabricated and tested in terms of density, void content, permeability, and compressive strength. Results of the density test revealed that replacing 100% natural aggregates with epoxy RAP and diluted epoxy RAP materials reduced density by an average of 10%. However, void content was found to increase with the incorporation of epoxy RAP, even when replacing Portland cement with silica fume. Regarding permeability, mixtures containing 100% epoxy RAP and diluted epoxy RAP materials have significantly higher permeability values compared with the natural mix value. However, adding 5% silica fume significantly reduced the permeability. Compressive test results indicated that substituting 100% of aggregates with epoxy RAP or diluted epoxy RAP materials would reduce compressive strength by 55% on average. Furthermore, adding silica fume to reclaimed mixes was found to have no apparent effect on compressive strength.

MODEL VALUE OF RESIDUAL STRENGTH OF CONCRETE ASPHALT PAVEMENT CONSEQUENCES OF SOAKING OF RAINWATER AND SEAWATER BY CONTINUOUS AND PERIODIC METHODS

High rain intensity and limited draninase capacity result in high waterlogging on the road surface for a long time. After dry inundation, the pavement surface undergoes a bond between the aggregate and loose asphalt. This loose condition, when crossed by vehicles, causes cracks and holes so that the road is damaged. In addition, large-scale waterlogging can cause groundwater located below the soil surface to become saturated. The research method is an experimental laboratory with the help of descriptive statistics in analyzing data to find out an overview of the characteristics of concrete asphalt mixture materials. Penelitian aims to: Knowing the relationship between variations in soaking duration to the durability performance of asphalt concrete mixtures, Evaluating differences in residual strength index values due to length soaking by using seawater and rainwater with continuous and periodic mrtode, and Determining the relationship model between the Residual Strength Bonding of the asphalt mixture to time of soaking seawater and rainwater. The residual strength bond value (IKS) is greatly influenced by the soaking time, where the longer the concrete asphalt issoaked, the significantly lower the IKS value. As for the Modelh the difference between the Residual Strength Index against the bath time is a polynomial model.

Mechanical Analysis of the Stress State and Damage Risk of Asphalt Pavement Based on a Three-Dimensional Space Calculation Program

The existing research on pavement mechanics was rarely conducted from the perspective of the spatial stress state. In this research, by utilizing analytical solutions, a three-dimensional space calculation program for asphalt pavement was developed to study the spatial distributions of the stress state and damage risk of the pavement structure. First, this study selected various types of pavement structures to analyze the spatial distribution of the stress state. The results indicated that the important influence factors are the order and quantity of asphalt-bound material, chemically stabilized material, and granular material in the structure. In contrast, the thicknesses of these materials have a limited effect. Then, the stress states of the asphalt pavements in winter and summer were compared. The results demonstrated that the tensile region bulges upward at low temperatures, and the structure is more inclined to experience tension and compression simultaneously. In addition, the failure criterion suitable for asphalt mixture materials was applied, and a strength conversion coefficient between different temperatures was proposed to calculate the damage situations of asphalt mixture layers. Three-dimensional images were generated to display the differences in the dangerous positions and damage forms for different structural types and temperature conditions.

Balanced Mix Design Benchmarking of Asphalt Mixtures Produced in Vermont

Performance testing is an important tool to complement volumetric properties for improving asphalt pavement performance. Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTrans) began evaluating the Hamburg wheel-tracking test (HWTT) in 2015, the Illinois flexibility index test (I-FIT) in 2018, and the indirect tensile cracking test (IDEAL-CT) as another index-based test to investigate along with the I-FIT, as a step toward balanced mix design (BMD) implementation. An increase in the use of recycled materials in asphalt mixtures produced in Vermont was anticipated in their Standard Specifications for Construction. This study is an attempt in this direction. The tests were conducted on reheated plant mixtures sampled from paving projects in Vermont and the results were analyzed to (1) develop baseline rutting and cracking performance; (2) evaluate the effects of mixture properties on performance test results; (3) compare IDEAL-CT results and I-FIT results; and (4) compare performance test results with specification criteria proposed by VTrans for evaluating the rutting and cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures. Several mixture properties, viz., nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS), binder grade, binder content, and recycled content, were found to have significant effects on mixture rutting and cracking resistance. The test results showed a direct correlation between FI and CTindex for the dataset of VTrans mixtures. The information from this research will help VTrans to achieve its goal to move beyond the use of volumetric properties for asphalt mixture design and acceptance and serve as an example for other agencies in exploring the implementation of BMD for improving asphalt pavement performance.

Karakteristik Aspal Porus dengan Campuran Serat Bemban (Donax Canniformis) Terhadap Porositas, Void In Mixture, dan Marshall Quotient

The need for additional materials to improve the quality of porous asphalt that is environmentally friendly, the natural fiber is the right component. Bemban is a typical South Kalimantan plant that has good properties as a mixture material. This research was conducted to identify the characteristics of bemban fiber as a porous asphalt mixture material and identify the characteristics of porous asphalt with bemban fiber mixture. The characteristics measurement of bemban fiber includes moisture content, cellulose content, and lignin content, making asphalt specimens with bemban fiber mixture using variations of 1, 2, and 3 (%W/W), and porous asphalt characterization including porosity, Marshall Quotient (MQ), and Void in the Mixtures (VIM) with the Australian Asphalt Pavement Association (AAPA) 2004 reference standard. The results show the characteristics of bemban fiber with NaOH treatment 30 minutes 28oC obtained moisture content 2.36, cellulose content 22.52, and lignin content 1.33 (%W/W) which was used as a porous asphalt mixture. Characteristics of porous asphalt with variations of bemban fiber obtained optimum porosity, MQ, VIM values at the addition of bemban fiber 1 (%W/W) and has met the specification parameters.

Effects of Asphalt Mixture Constituents on the Recycled Binder Contribution

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) are incorporated into some asphalt mixtures produced today. The use of recycled asphalt materials (RAM) in asphalt mixtures encompasses engineering challenges pertaining to uncertainty in the proportion of the recycled binder that is in contact with and blends with the virgin binder in the asphalt mixture, termed recycled binder contribution (RBC) here. Recent research shows that agglomerations of RAM particles are the main cause of partial RBC. These agglomerations prevent recycled binder from interacting with the virgin binder. However, current practices generally assume complete RBC and a detailed understanding of the role of asphalt mixture constituents on RBC does not at present exist. The use of softer binders, extenders, and recycling agents has been proposed in high-RAM-content mixtures to restore recycled binder stiffness and embrittlement. However, the effects of asphalt binder variables as well as RAM type, source, and content on RBC is at present poorly understood. This paper aims to investigate the effects of asphalt mixture constituents on the RBC in asphalt mixtures using energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) tracer-based microscopy analysis. It is found that the virgin binder, RAM type, and source significantly influence RBC in asphalt mixtures. However, RAP age level and content as well as additives are found to have only marginal impacts on RBC.

Rheological investigation on the ageing performance of bio-recycled asphalt binders and mixtures

The current need to move towards more sustainable technologies in the construction sector has promoted the investigation of using alternative materials in asphalt mixtures for pavements. Biomaterials, used as biobinders, have shown their potential as partial replacement of bitumen in asphalt mixtures as solution to decreasing the demand for fossil-fuel-based binders as well as CO2 emissions. However, more research is needed to increase the replacement of bitumen in asphalt mixtures. In this investigation,biobinders are used as full replacement of virgin bitumen and as recycling agent within asphalt mixtures with high Reclaimed Asphalt (RA) content. Blends of biobinders and RA binders, and bio-recycled asphalt mixtures, were produced, subjected to ageing and rheologically characterised. The results show that the rheological properties of binders’ blends seem adequate for their use, while the bio-recycled asphalt mixtures seem to have a faster ageing than conventional ones, hence their full-scale application still remains a concern.

Characteristic of Asphalt Mixture using Fly Ash and Bottom Ash Substitution in Reducing Environment Pollution

One of the waste materials produced by industry activities is fly ash and bottom ash (FABA), it is produced by brick combustion waste. Fly ash and bottom ash waste is hazardous and toxic (B3) waste for it contains heavy metal oxides polluting the environment. Related to the condition, the output study of toxicity potential test carried out to coal ash in Nagan Raya PLTU (Electric Steam Power Plant) proving conversely. The coal ash of Nagan Raya PLTU is relatively safe to be used as construction material. The output explained that coal ash of Nagan Raya PLTU have adequate good potency to be utilized. One of coal ash potencies developed is the utilization asphalt mixture material including bottom ash as fine aggregate substitution and fly ash as filler substitution. The research aimed to find out the mixture characteristic by utilizing FABA for the road pavement of asphalt concrete layer (AC-WC) to reduce environment pollution and detect the appropriate proportion for the optimal utilization. The percentage of fine aggregate in the mixture must meet the requirement of binder as 5-15% to the weight, while the filler must meet the minimum of 75% to weight of filter pass No. 200 (0.075 mm). The test output of both mixtures by using bottom ash and fly ashin 15%-30% variation was different. The output is similar. Both of the output concluded that the optimum asphalt level was 5% and the variation of 30% bottom ash : 70% fine aggregate meet the requirement specification, while variation fly ash as subtitution Portland cement resulting that all the parameters meet the specification required by Bina Marga specification 2018.

Comprehensive performance ranking and impact analysis using the best approximation matter-element model and combined weights

The evaluation of pavement conditions determines the need for pavement maintenance. To ensure that maintenance funds are allocated fairly, it is necessary to prioritize the overall performance of pavement sections based on multidimensional state data and determine maintenance priority. In this study, the pavement functional performance, structural performance, and material performance were among seven indexes chosen to evaluate to overcome the limitation of only considering the functional index in evaluating the performance of asphalt pavement. The extended matter-element model was combined with the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) based on determining the weight of the index combination and applied to the Hubei section of the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway to calculate the matter-element of the best closeness of the pavement performance and determine the priority of maintenance. The case study demonstrates that the proposed method can obtain an accurate ranking of the overall performance of the alternative road sections, and its superiority was demonstrated through comparative analysis. Furthermore, the degree of influence of each performance index on overall performance was determined and discussed. Among them, dynamic modulus (|E⁎|), which represents the mechanical strength of asphalt mixture material, contributed the most influence, while the rut depth index (RDI), which represents the permanent deformation level of road surface, contributed the least. This recommended evaluation method can be used to develop a pavement repair plan.

UV curing study of semi-dense asphalt mixes with different sizes of copper slag – A sustainable rehabilitation and production strategy

• Copper slag was used as a self-healing particle in asphalt mixes. • UV radiation by light bulbs was used as the healing process. • The copper slag showed self-healing rates of more than 40% • The slag size of 2 mm is presented as the optimum self-healing size. The environmental and service conditions exposed to asphalt pavements affect their rheological and performance properties, making them brittle material susceptible to cracking. One way to partially re-establish the mechanical properties of the cracked pavements is through binder runoff through the cracks in a capillary healing process. It is possible to incorporate conductive materials (electrical or thermal) in asphalt mixtures as additives or partial substitutes for the natural aggregate to maximize the efficiency of the self-healing process and induce a pseudo-Newtonian flow behavior in the binder. The present study evaluated the self-healing performance by UV radiation of asphalt mixtures incorporating copper slag (CS) in different sizes (2.00 mm, 0.25 mm, < 0.063 mm) as a conductive material (heat diffuser) in partial replacement of the natural aggregate. Likewise, the degree of ageing caused by the self-healing process was evaluated through the rheological characterization of the binder extracted after healing. All the CS mixes obtained self-healing rates in mechanical strength higher than 40 %, in particular, the 2.00 mm CS mixes with self-healing rates close to 60 %. The optimum self-healing temperatures for mixtures with CS sizes with higher thermal inertia are between 95 °C and 105 °C corresponding to 18000 s and 30000 s of healing, while for mixtures with CS sizes with lower thermal inertia the optimum self-healing temperatures are between 105° and110°C corresponding to self-healing times of 18000 s to 25000 s. It was not possible to determine an accelerated ageing effect in the asphalt mixtures due to the self-healing processes by UV radiation.