Materials Science Engineering Research Articles

Scaffold design considerations for peripheral nerve regeneration.

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) represents a serious clinical and public health problem due to its high incurrence and poor spontaneous recovery. Compared to autograft, which is still the best current practice for long-gap peripheral nerve defects in clinics, the use of polymer-based biodegradable nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) has been gaining momentum as an alternative to guide the repair of severe PNI without the need of secondary surgery and donor nerve tissue. However, simple hollow cylindrical tubes can barely outperform autograft in terms of the regenerative efficiency especially in critical sized PNI. With the rapid development of tissue engineering technology and materials science, various functionalized NGCs have emerged to enhance nerve regeneration over the past decades. From the aspect of scaffold design considerations, with a specific focus on biodegradable polymers, this review aims to summarize the recent advances in NGCs by addressing the onerous demands of biomaterial selections, structural designs, and manufacturing techniques that contributes to the biocompatibility, degradation rate, mechanical properties, drug encapsulation and release efficiency, immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and the overall nerve regeneration potential of NGCs. In addition, several commercially available NGCs along with their regulation pathways and clinical applications are compared and discussed. Lastly, we discuss the current challenges and future directions attempting to provide inspiration for the future design of ideal NGCs that can completely cure long-gap peripheral nerve defects.&#xD.

Corrosion behavior of combination of laser beam welded UNS S32304 + SS304L in 3.5% NaCl solution

This study investigates the corrosion behavior of laser beam-welded UNS S32304 and SS304L in 3.5% NaCl solutions, focusing on the effects of temperature. The primary objective is to enhance the understanding of corrosion resistance in welded materials and inspire advancements in corrosion mitigation strategies. The methodology involves assessing corrosion resistance under varying temperatures and comparing the performance of laser beam welding (LBW) with that of the base metals. Scanning electron microscopy analysis reveals effective passivation, while quantitative analysis indicates differences in chloride ion coverage between the weld metal and base metals. Tafel plots and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrate enhanced corrosion potential and improved barrier properties for the weld metal. Results indicate a marginal reduction in corrosion resistance at 50 °C for both base metals. LBW metals corrosion resistance demonstrates superior performance, with only 5% reduction in breakdown potential compared to 10% in base metals. Compared to the base metal, it exhibits a substantial reduction in corrosion rate, ranging from 60 to 75%. This supports enhanced corrosion resistance and material stability. Additionally, similar results are observed after the analysis with scanning electron microscopy images, reinforcing the efficacy of LBW in improving corrosion resistance of LBW UNS S32304 and SS304L. These findings underscore the potential of LBW for applications requiring robust corrosion performance. By contributing to the understanding of the corrosion behavior of laser beam-welded materials, this study addresses a critical research gap in material science and corrosion engineering. Future research may explore long-term durability and corrosion resistance under diverse environmental conditions to further elucidate the mechanisms driving the observed differences in corrosion behavior.

Green-synthesized CuO and ZnO nanoparticles derived from Calotropis gigantea (Apple of Sodom): enhancing plant growth, efficient dye removal, and potent antibacterial applications.

Nanoparticles, owing to their unique physicochemical properties, have garnered significant attention in various scientific disciplines, including materials science, chemistry, biology, and environmental engineering. In recent years, the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles, such as NiO, Fe2O3, ZnO, SnO2, and CuO via green routes, has gained attraction due to their diverse applications in fields ranging from catalysis and electronics to medicine and environmental remediation. This study focuses on the green synthesis of copper oxide (CuO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using Calotropis gigantea (Apple of Sodom) leaf extract as a reducing agent and stabilizer, with zinc nitrate (ZnNO3.6H2O) and copper nitrate (CuNO3.3H2O) as precursors. The hexagonal phase of ZnO and monoclinic plan structure of CuO with high crystallinity was confirmed by XRD and elemental composition by EDX analysis. With the help of an SEM image, particle size measured for CuO and ZnO using ImageJ software was found to be 56.08nm and 46.49nm, respectively. This study investigates the efficacy of nanoparticles in wastewater treatment, particularly focusing on methylene blue dye decolorization using the statistical processing of response surface methodology (RSM) using the Box-Behnken method. Additionally, it explores the impact of synthesized nanoparticles on seed growth enhancement, using Vigna radiata (green gram) seeds immersed in various doses of nanoparticles (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2mg/30mL). Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is evaluated. The results confirm the effectiveness of the materials for methylene blue dye removal, achieving 80.53% with CuO and 78.25% with ZnO. Significant seed growth was observed with a low nanoparticle dosage of 1.5mg/30mL, resulting in the highest seedling vigour index and germination percentage. This reduces the need for fertilizers and lessens environmental impact.

Thermal spray coatings on high-temperature oxidation and corrosion applications – A comprehensive review

In high-temperature boiler operations, conventional steels and alloys grapple with the formidable challenges posed by oxidation and corrosion. Prolonged exposure to extreme thermal conditions exacerbates these issues, progressively diminishing operational efficiency. Surface treatment emerges as a pivotal strategy for safeguarding materials against deterioration while optimizing component performance cost-effectively. Recent attention has honed on surface coatings as a means to combat hot corrosion in boiler steels. Thermal coating, electroplating, and other metallurgical techniques are widely embraced for surface modification, with composite coatings gaining traction for bolstering metallurgical, mechanical, and corrosion resistance properties. This review, unlike any other, takes a comprehensive approach to exploring various thermal spraying methods and their applications, ensuring a robust understanding of the subject matter. Beyond a mere compilation of existing literature, this review identifies emerging trends and technologies, offering fresh insights and interpretations. In this work, 84 articles were critically evaluated for current research, discerning strengths, weaknesses, and avenues for future research on thermal spray coatings on high-temperature oxidation and corrosion. This incisive approach promises to enrich the knowledge base of researchers, scholars, and professionals in materials science, metallurgy, and industrial engineering, facilitating advancements in the field. By pinpointing research gaps in thermal spray coating, this study directs attention toward areas ripe for further investigation, fostering continued innovation and progress.

Electromigration Effects in Overcurrent PVC-Insulated Copper Wire: Failure and Deformation Impacts

Electromigration is a critical issue in materials science and electrical engineering, significantly impacting the reliability and efficiency of electrical systems. This study investigates the electromigration behavior of PVC-insulated copper wires under various overcurrent conditions, focusing on material degradation and electrical performance. Copper cables, identified as 046620.3 Eterna CU/PVC 1.5 mm2, were subjected to currents ranging from 0 to 110 A. The mean time to failure (MTTF) was calculated using Black’s equation, revealing a sharp decline in MTTF with increasing current density. Surface morphology analysis using SEM showed the formation of voids and hillocks at higher currents, indicating severe electromigration damage. XRF analysis demonstrated significant changes in the elemental composition, particularly a reduction in copper content and an increase in chlorine and other elements, suggesting degradation of the PVC insulation. FTIR spectroscopy revealed substantial chemical changes in the PVC material, especially under extreme overcurrent conditions, highlighting dehydrochlorination and carbonyl group formation. There is a clear relationship between overcurrent conditions and electromigration phenomena, as evidenced by the observed damage to surface morphology, changes in elemental composition, and alterations in the chemical structure of PVC. The mechanisms and causes of electromigration are explained comprehensively in this work, illustrating how increased overcurrent accelerates the electromigration process, leading to the formation of voids and hillocks in the copper conductor. This damage is accompanied by a significant reduction in copper content and an increase in chlorine levels, indicating the degradation of PVC insulation. FTIR spectra further confirmed these findings by showing chemical changes such as dehydrochlorination and carbonyl group formation under high current stress. The MTTF values reflect the severity of these impacts, with samples exposed to higher currents showing drastically reduced lifespans. For instance, samples subjected to 100 A and 110 A currents exhibited MTTF values of 0.2 minutes and 0.004 minutes, respectively.

Pressure-induced temperature-driven phase transition and compressibility studies on nanocrystalline and bulk -U3O8 at extreme conditions of pressure and temperature

The study investigates the structural transition pathways of U3O8 under varying temperature and pressure conditions, focusing on both bulk and nanocrystalline forms. The bulk U3O8 is known to undergo reversible phase transitions to a hexagonal structure at temperatures above 150°C and irreversible transitions to a fluorite structure under pressure at ambient temperature. High-pressure XRD experiments reveal a significant decrease in transition pressure for the hexagonal to fluorite phase transition in bulk U3O8, with the HT-hex phase exhibiting a bulk modulus of 155 ± 21 GPa at 450°C. In 82 nm nanocrystalline U3O8, the transition from orthorhombic to hexagonal phase is reversible up to 1.0 GPa and 500°C but becomes irreversible above 1.7 GPa. The bulk modulus of the hexagonal phase of nanocrystalline U3O8 is estimated to be 168±12 GPa and 146±16 GPa at 400°C and 500°C, respectively. The findings highlight the complexity of structural transformations in U3O8 and their dependence on temperature and pressure, offering insights valuable for materials science and nuclear reactor engineering.

Scalable-produced micro-elastic triboelectric sensing ground for all-weather large-scale applications

Large-scale smart floor will be one potential form for a human–machine interface, but is also facing many difficulties and challenges in the materials science and information engineering. Here, we present a straightforward method for fabricating large-scale micro-elastic triboelectric nanogenerator (ME-TENG) arrays, which can be assembled as triboelectric sensing ground for real-time interface interaction and all-weather monitoring. ME-TENG unit of 6 by 6 arrays offers a maximum power density of 5.84 mW·m−2 under a load resistance of 70 MΩ. It displays a sensitivity of 132.48 mV/kPa in the pressure range of 0 to 180 kPa. The electrical output signals have remained stable in the durability tests over 10 days with various weather conditions. Furthermore, successfully demonstrated a regional comprehensive security monitoring (RCSM) system for enabling all-weather monitoring of the features, position, and movement trajectories of an object. Even more gratifying is that the ME-TENG unit of 30 cm by 30 cm prepared by a simple and fast “all-in-one” method, takes costs of 14.84 dollars/m2 and the production period of 2 h, compared with the most cost-effective piezoelectric sensors, the cost and duration were reduced by 98.67 % and 42.86 %, respectively. This work will greatly contribute to the development and implementation of large-scale sensing and the multidimensional security system.

Gram matrix: an efficient representation of molecular conformation and learning objective for molecular pretraining.

Accurate prediction of molecular properties is fundamental in drug discovery and development, providing crucial guidance for effective drug design. A critical factor in achieving accurate molecular property prediction lies in the appropriate representation of molecular structures. Presently, prevalent deep learning-based molecular representations rely on 2D structure information as the primary molecular representation, often overlooking essential three-dimensional (3D) conformational information due to the inherent limitations of 2D structures in conveying atomic spatial relationships. In this study, we propose employing the Gram matrix as a condensed representation of 3D molecular structures and for efficient pretraining objectives. Subsequently, we leverage this matrix to construct a novel molecular representation model, Pre-GTM, which inherently encapsulates 3D information. The model accurately predicts the 3D structure of a molecule by estimating the Gram matrix. Our findings demonstrate that Pre-GTM model outperforms the baseline Graphormer model and other pretrained models in the QM9 and MoleculeNet quantitative property prediction task. The integration of the Gram matrix as a condensed representation of 3D molecular structure, incorporated into the Pre-GTM model, opens up promising avenues for its potential application across various domains of molecular research, including drug design, materials science, and chemical engineering.

BiVO4-based heterojunction nanophotocatalysts for water splitting and organic pollutant degradation: a comprehensive review of photocatalytic innovation

Abstract The novel semiconductor photocatalytic material bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is gaining significant attention in research due to its unique characteristics, which include a low band gap, good responsiveness to visible light, and non-toxic nature. However, intrinsic constraints such as poor photogenerated charge transfer, slow water oxidation kinetics, and fast electron–hole pair recombination limit the photocatalytic activity of BiVO4. Building heterojunctions has shown to be an effective strategy for enhancing charge separation and impeding electron–hole pair recombination over the last few decades. This review covers the state-of-the-art developments in heterojunction nanomaterials based on BiVO4 for photocatalysis. It explores heterojunction design, clarifies reaction mechanisms, and highlights the current developments in applications including photocatalytic water splitting and organic matter degradation. Finally, it offers a preview of the development paths and opportunities for BiVO4-based heterojunction nanomaterials in the future. This comprehensive assessment of BiVO4-based heterojunctions provides insightful knowledge to researchers in materials science, chemistry, and environmental engineering that will drive advances and breakthroughs in these important fields.

Data analysis of non-linear radiative electro-periodic MHD flow past a stretching sheet with activation energy impact

Electro-periodic Magneto-hydrodynamics (EPMHD), activation energy, and non-linear radiation are pivotal elements in engineering and industry also contribute to advancements in fields like heat transfer, materials science, and chemical engineering. Through similarity transformation, governing partial differential equations simplify into ordinary differential equations. Precise computational solutions are derived using the Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting iteration method (NSSIM) and the reliable 6th-order Runge-Kutta integration algorithm (RKIA). The profiles of velocities, temperatures, concentrations, skin friction, heat and mass transfer rate are presented by graphically. The novel aspect of this research is that thermal performance is enhanced by non-linear radiation by around 2.28%, whereas linear radiation only produces a 0.28% improvement in thermal performance. Also the mass transfer rate experiences a decrease of about 25.76% with increasing chemical reactions in the presence of activation energy and a more substantial 62.22% reduction in its absence, notably showing a comparatively milder decline of 36.46% in the presence of activation energy than in its absence. Furthermore, this study yields three novel linear regression equations, skillfully derived from the numerical and graphical results. This research have practical applications in understanding and optimizing processes involving fluid dynamics, such as the behavior of certain materials or substances subjected to stretching or deformation.

Innovative modeling of monolayer puckered arsenene: Bridging quantum mechanics and finite element analysis

Current study presents a novel hybrid approach combining finite element modeling and density functional theory calculations to investigate the mechanical properties of monolayer puckered arsenene. The multiscale analysis in this study leverages finite element analysis as a distinctive approach, complementing the nano‐scale capabilities of density functional theory and molecular dynamics by overcoming limitations faced by these two methods in representing complex scenarios. Furthermore, finite element analysis demonstrates computational efficiency for larger structures, making it suitable for systems where atomistic simulations may be impractical. This hybrid methodology offers a unique framework for accurately predicting key properties, including elastic modulus and buckling force, by synergistically integrating the strengths of both computational techniques. In addition to demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach in accurately capturing material behavior, our findings shed light on fundamental aspects of nanoscale mechanics, with implications for various applications in nanotechnology, materials science, and structural engineering. By providing a deeper understanding of the mechanical response of 2D materials, our research contributes to advancing the field of nanoscale materials engineering and informs the design of innovative nanostructures with tailored mechanical properties.

DFT and TD‐DFT Study of Many‐Body and Hydrogen Bonding Interactions: Nitrosamine Oligomers

AbstractThis study focuses on the properties and intermolecular interactions of nitrosamine oligomers, which are important in both semiconductor manufacturing and nuclear waste management. The study explores various configurations of nitrosamine oligomers, ranging from monomers to pentamers in linear, ladder, and cyclic clusters, with the finding that dimer cyclic forms and hexamers and above are unstable. Many‐body analysis revealed that two‐body interaction energies made remarkable contributions to the binding energy, while the sum of 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐body energy contributed less, indicating the decrease in stability of nitrosamine from dimer to pentamer clusters. Using advanced computational techniques, such as dispersion‐corrected B3LYP‐D3 and TD‐DFT, the study investigates the vibrational modes and electronic absorption spectra of nitrosamine oligomers. The results reveal that different configurations can significantly affect the vibrational modes and electronic properties of nitrosamine oligomers. The NH2 symmetric and asymmetric modes were particularly intense in various forms of nitrosamine oligomers. The wavelengths of electronic transition, oscillator strength, and HOMO to LUMO gap were reported. Additionally, the study reports on nitrosamine oligomers’ hydrogen‐bonded cooperativity and binding energy contributions. Overall, these findings offer valuable insights into the stability and properties of nitrosamine oligomers, with potential applications in materials science and chemical engineering.

Numerical modeling of mixed convective nanofluid flow with fractal stochastic heat and mass transfer using finite differences

This study presents the first comprehensive numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer in fractal-like mixed convective nanofluid flows. The flow of non-Newtonian nanofluids over flat and oscillating sheets is modelled mathematically, and a finite difference scheme is used to solve this model. The two-stage scheme can tackle fractal and fractal stochastic mathematical models of partial differential equations. The consistency in the mean square is proved, and Fourier series stability analysis is adopted to find stability conditions for fractal stochastic partial differential equation. The scheme is applied to solve the unsteady Casson nanofluid flow over the flat and oscillatory sheet, which affects thermal radiation, heat source, and chemical reaction. The existence of the solution is also provided for the Navier-Stokes equation of the considered flow model using fractal time derivative. The graph illustrates that the proposed fractal technique achieves faster convergence than the Crank-Nicolson approach. Applications in energy systems, materials science, and environmental engineering are just a few of the domains that could benefit from a better understanding of mixed convective nanofluid flows with fractal features, and that is what this research study hopes to accomplish. Scientists and engineers may better develop efficient and environmentally friendly systems by simulating and analyzing these complicated processes with the suggested finite difference technique.

Concrete touchdown: new technology influences industrial buildings in Norway, 1912–1920

Construction technology developed quickly during the first decades of the twentieth century. This influenced the construction of industrial buildings at the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage site of Rjukan and Notodden in Norway. Behind the construction was Hydro, a company founded in 1905 to produce synthetic nitrogen fertiliser to increase the world’s food production. This industrial development demanded large structures such as hydropower stations and production facilities. Concrete was introduced for the first time during this period, and systems are characterised by heavy concrete bearing walls and mixed bearing walls where concrete and steel were combined. Such systems demanded significant material resources and resulted in the development of steel and concrete skeleton frames. The development of viable systems was achieved through research in materials science and structural engineering, in both the USA and Europe. This paper discusses how concrete influenced construction and building systems at this site. Similarities to industrial buildings and other building typologies are evident and connect the site to the international context of architecture and engineering history. Understanding the characteristics of individual buildings and presenting them in an order of a construction systems will support the work of architects and engineers in future conservation schemes.

Engagement of modified heat and mass fluxes on thermally radiated boundary layer flow past over a stretched sheet via OHAM analysis

This work investigates advanced heat transfer mechanisms in boundary-layer flow of nanofluids over a stretchable sheet. The comprehensive model integrates radiation effects, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, Cattaneo-Christov heat flux and Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). Nanofluids, composed of a base fluid with suspended nanoparticles, exhibit distinct thermophysical properties crucial for influencing heat and mass transfer dynamics. Through rigorous numerical analysis, key parameters such as nanoparticle volume fraction, stretching sheet velocity, Cattaneo-Christov parameter, radiation parameter, and magnetic field strength are examined. The findings reveal intricate interactions among these parameters, providing a thorough understanding of their combined impact on temperature and velocity characteristics inside the boundary layer. This research contributes significantly to fundamental knowledge in nanofluid dynamics and provides practical insights for optimizing heat transfer processes and fluid behavior over-stretching surfaces, especially in the context of advanced heat transfer mechanisms. The implications extend across diverse engineering disciplines and materials science, offering valuable guidance for designing and improving processes involving nanofluid flows over-stretching sheets. With respect to the magnetic field parameter, the fluid velocity exhibits a decreasing attitude.The temperature function enhances with higher R\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathcal{R}$$\\end{document} values but diminishes with increasing Pr\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathcal{P}\\mathcalligra{r}$$\\end{document} values.

Biological and bio-inspired materials: Multi-scale modeling, artificial intelligence approaches, and experiments

Biological materials often possess remarkable properties and functionalities owing to their complex hierarchical and composite structures. Learning from nature can lead to revolutionary breakthroughs in materials science and innovative new technologies. This Special Issue titled “Biological and Bio-inspired Materials: Multi-scale Modeling and Artificial Intelligence Approaches” is a collection of research articles and comprehensive reviews utilizing multi-scale modeling, artificial intelligence approaches, and experiments to elucidate the characteristics of biological materials and design and optimize bio-inspired materials. The computational approaches of interest include but are not limited to molecular dynamics, lattice spring models, finite element analysis, genetic algorithms, neural networks, generative adversarial networks, and other modeling and artificial intelligence approaches for better understanding the structure-property relationships and underlying mechanisms of biological (natural) materials, and reproducing, designing, and optimizing bio-inspired materials. Novel experimental results, fabrication strategies, and applications of biological, bio-inspired and biomedical materials are also collected in this special issue.

Preface

AbstractThis special issue of Materials Science and Engineering Technology (Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik) contains selected papers presented at the 16th International Conference on Advanced Computational Engineering and Experimenting (ACE‐X 2023) held at the Aquila Atlantis Hotel in Crete during the period 3rd–7th July, 2023. The included papers are related to advanced structured materials, their design and analysis, and advanced manufacturing and processing techniques.

A recent update on gastro retentive drug delivery systems

Gastro retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance by prolonging gastric residence time and optimizing drug release kinetics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in GRDDS, focusing on formulation strategies, design principles, and evaluation methodologies. Various approaches such as floating systems, mucoadhesive systems, expandable systems, and magnetic systems are discussed in detail, highlighting their mechanisms of action and applications in targeted drug delivery. Furthermore, recent innovations in materials science and formulation technologies have enabled the development of novel GRDDS with improved biocompatibility, stability, and controlled release profiles. The review also addresses challenges associated with GRDDS, including physiological variability, drug stability, and regulatory considerations, and proposes potential strategies to overcome these obstacles. Additionally, the clinical relevance of GRDDS in the treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders and their future prospects in personalized medicine and targeted therapy are explored. Overall, this review aims to provide valuable insights into the current state-of-the-art in GRDDS research and its implications for the advancement of drug delivery science.

The rise of Indo-German collaborative research: 1990–2022

Purpose This study aims to highlight the growth and development of Indo-German collaborative research over the past three decades. Moreover, this study encompasses an in-depth examination of funding acknowledgements to gain valuable insights into the financial support that underpins these collaborative endeavours. Together with this paper, the authors provide an openly accessible data set of Indo-German research papers for further and reproducible research activities (the “Indo-German Literature Dataset”). Design/methodology/approach The data were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database from the year 1990 till the 30th of November 2022. A total of 36,999 records were retrieved against the used query. Acknowledged entities were extracted using a named entity recognition (NER) model specifically trained for this task. Interrelations between the extracted entities and scientific domains, lengths of acknowledgement texts, number of authors and affiliations, number of citations and gender of the first author, as well as collaboration patterns between Indian and German funders were examined. Findings The study reveals a consistent and increasing growth in the publication trend over the years. The study brings to light that Physics, Chemistry, Materials Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics and Engineering prominently dominate the Indo-German collaborative research. The USA, followed by England and France, are the most active collaborators in Indian and German research. Largely, research was funded by major German and Indian funding agencies, international corporations and German and American universities. Associations between the first author’s gender and acknowledged entity were observed. Additionally, relations between entity, entity type and scientific domain were discovered. Practical implications The study paves the way for enhanced collaboration, optimized resource utilization and societal advantages by offering a profound comprehension of the intricacies inherent in research partnerships between India and Germany. Implementation of the insights gleaned from this study holds the promise of cultivating a more resilient and influential collaborative research ecosystem between the two nations. Originality/value The study highlights a deeper understanding of the composition of the Indo-German collaborative research landscape of the past 30 years and its significance in advancing scientific knowledge and fostering international partnerships. Furthermore, the authors provide an open version of the original WoS data set. The Indo-German Literature Data set consists of 22,844 papers from OpenAlex and is available for related studies like literature studies and scientometrics.

Sustainable and Cost-Efficient Production of Micro-Patterned Reduced Graphene Oxide on Graphene Oxide Films

This study tackles the critical demand for sustainable synthesis methods of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), highlighting the environmental drawbacks of conventional chemical processes. We introduce a novel, green synthesis technique involving the irradiation of a 500 eV argon ion beam, which not only facilitates the creation of micro-patterned rGO on a graphene oxide (GO) film but also enables simultaneous material characterization and patterning. By adjusting the irradiation exposure time between 0 and 80 s, we achieve meticulous control over the attributes and the reduction process of the material. The use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) allows for real-time monitoring of the reduction from GO to rGO, evidenced by a notable reduction in the intensities of C-O, C=O, and O-C=O bonds, and an increase in C-C bond intensities, indicating a significant reduction level. Our research demonstrates the efficient production of eco-friendly rGO using precise, controlled argon ion beam irradiation, proving its advantages over traditional methods. These results contribute to the development of sustainable material science technologies, with potential applications in electronics, energy storage, and more.