Safety Data Sheets Research Articles

Standardization of Detailed Format of Safety Data Sheet (SDS) of Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of the United Nations (UN)

This work was on the systematic standardization of SDS in the context of UN GHS. This research revolved around the problem of inconsistency in SDS formats and terminologies used worldwide, which may pose even bigger risks in terms of occupational health, environmental safety, industrial hygiene, regulatory compliance etc. Using the mixed-method, this paper assessed the current SDS practices, examined stakeholder perceptions, and proposed an all-inclusive parameter format that could be adapted to fit within established regulatory frameworks. Findings from the study indicated that a standardized SDS could improve clarity and usability, thus enabling better communication and safety practices across various industries.

Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health (K3) Risk Management in the Physics and Chemistry Laboratory of the Medan Occupational Safety and Health Center

The many possible risks associated with laboratory work are unavoidable. This study aimed to determine and analyze hazards, risks, impacts, risk levels and occupational safety and health (OHS) controls in the physics and chemistry laboratories of the Occupational Safety and Health Center (OHS) Medan. This is a qualitative research method with phenomenological approach hazard identification using Task Risk Analysis method using AS/NZS 4360: 2004 semi-quantitative. The tolerable risk threshold in the chemistry lab was 52, priority 3 was 10, and major was 11. The only thing OHS controlled in the physics lab was the air conditioning system. The presence of SOP (work procedures), MSDS (material safety data sheet) documents, OHS signs, supervision, managerial support, and the use of PPE masks, gloves, long-hand lab coats, rubber shoes, and other safety measures were all necessary in chemistry labs. Expanding the space, adding SOP, installing ventilation are all suggested at the physics laboratorium, Adopting ANSI / AIHA Z9.5-2003 ventilation guidelines, changing or replacing processes with safer chemicals, providing OHS training, and wearing coveralls and glasses are all recommended in the chemistry laboratory.

In Silico Toxicity Screening as a Tool for the Development of Sustainable Electronics, Exemplified with Organic Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells

AbstractElectrical and electronic equipment (EEE) have revolutionized our lives, however, their associated waste (WEEE) presents a global challenge because at this time EEE relies heavily on metals that are not commonly found in the living environment (Biosphere), which find their way into the environment during both production/disposal of EEE/WEEE. The use of organic components in EEE is increasingly common, particularly with the growing interest in flexible electronics. Here we describe an approach to device design employing in silico toxicity screening to assess the toxicity of the components chosen for use in EEE that is exemplified using inorganic and organic components known in the literature for the production of prototype organic light‐emitting electrochemical cells. This approach could easily be employed to screen a variety of components for which datasets to produce safety data sheets (SDSs) don't yet exist because they have not been produced in large scale or in a regulatory environment which necessitates this. The approach has significant potential to improve high throughput screening of components for EEE that are “safe‐by‐design”, potentially in combination with AI and ML approaches.

Inconsistent health hazard information across safety data sheets for substances in cleaning products used in healthcare centres

Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) are used to inform downstream users of any hazardous substances in chemical products and advise on how to manage the risks from using these products. It is therefore important that information on the SDS is accurate and consistent. This study investigates the accuracy and consistency of hazard information included in the SDSs of cleaning products used in the healthcare sector in England and Wales.Data on cleaning products used in the National Health Service (NHS) in England and Wales and their chemical composition and any hazard information (as H-statements) were collected from the products’ SDSs obtained from the NHS supply online catalogue. By each hazard, mainly respiratory hazards, the number of hazardous substances specified as hazardous in all SDSs was identified. Moreover, we investigated hazard characteristics of substances identified by only SDS (at least one SDS) or only through Harmonised Classifications and Labeling (CLH) or by SDS and through CLH simultaneously.In total, 229 unique chemical substances were found in 473 cleaning products’ SDSs. All 4 respiratory sensitisiers were identified in all SDSs and through CLH. However, only 14 of the 25 respiratory irritants (56.0 %) were consistently labelled across all SDSs. Although respiratory irritation characteristics of 3 substances were classified through CLH, it was not identified by any of the relevant SDSs.Substantially incorrect and inconsistent health hazard information for the same substances was identified across SDSs. Therefore, healthcare workers and their managers may not receive accurate information on the presence of and potential for exposure to hazardous substances in the cleaning products they are using.

Efficient and Sustainable Cleaning: A Comparative Analysis of Cryogenic Technology

Dry ice blasting is a technology that has been widely studied and applied in different industrial sectors as an alternative to the use of solvent, water, or abrasive spraying methods. It is a CO2 spraying system capable of balancing efficiency and sustainability with a wide variety of equipment available on the market. This study analyses and compares cryo-cleaning equipment manufactured by pioneering companies in the cryogenic industry. Based on data sheets, safety data sheets, and contact with manufacturers, a quantitative comparative study has been carried out. The aim of this study is to identify those with the best performance, efficiency, and adaptability to operational and environmental requirements. The results reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the equipment in terms of occupational safety and operability. These have been discussed and evaluated, recognising improvements of this technology, which is capable of removing surface layers of different natures without altering the underlying substrate.

Problems of using phenol (hydroxybenzene) and parabens as pharmaceutical stabilizers: analysis using machine learning methods

Background. Phenol and parabens exert bactericidal properties, are relatively low-toxic (in acute toxicity tests) and are used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries as stabilizers/preservatives for the final product. Despite their widespread use, the long-term toxicological effects of phenol and parabens remain largely unexplored.Objective: to conduct an analysis of the results of basic and clinical studies on chronic toxicity of phenol and parabens.Material and methods. The study included 544 articles found using the query “Preservatives, Pharmaceutical [MeSH Terms] AND Phenol [MeSH Terms]” in the PubMed/MEDLINE biomedical publications database. Methods of topological and metric analysis of big data were applied, developed in the scientific school of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Yu.I. Zhuravlev. Keywords were sorted by empirical Rudakov–Torshin informativeness functionals in the context of combinatorial theory of solvability, followed by combinatorial testing of solvability to find terms with the greatest informativeness.Results. Despite the existence of individual studies on the acute toxicity of phenol and its derivatives (including parabens), the chronic toxicity of phenol and parabens remains poorly understood. This fact is indicated not only by a lack of carefully performed research, but also by the information in safety data sheets supplied by manufacturers of the relevant substances. The associations of phenol and paraben blood levels with certain chronic pathologies in humans have been insufficiently studied. At the same time, the authors of fundamental research, if not “sound the alarm,” then strongly underline the need to conduct large-scale clinical trials on the long-term toxic effects of phenol and parabens. Firstly, this is due to complex estrogen-like effect of phenol and parabens, including (1) effects on estrogen sulfotransferases, (2) direct interactions with estrogen receptors, (3) influence on the expression of steroid receptor genes. Secondly, the available data from fundamental research indicate that phenol/parabens obviously stimulate the the molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis pathophysiology (systematic disturbances in gene expression and corresponding changes in the structure of organ tissues). Thirdly, teratogenic and other toxic effects on the embryo and pregnancy were demonstrated not only in experimental studies (neurotoxicity and teratogenesis in animal models), but also in clinical observations (metabolic disorders in a pregnant woman, including the metabolism of purines and fatty acids beta-oxidation, hyperactivity and/or excess body weight in children, asthma, thyroid dysfunction, etc.).Conclusion. Findings from basic research and selected clinical studies dictate an urgent need to examine the association of phenol/paraben blood levels with chronic pathologies in large-scale clinical trials with cross-sectional and longitudinal design. The lack of indication on toxic effects of parabens and phenols in certain clinical studies may just be an artifact of incorrect data analysis.

O-171 ANALYSIS OF SAFETY DATA SHEETS (SDS) FOR CLEANING AND DISINFECTING PRODUCTS USED IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY

O-171 ANALYSIS OF SAFETY DATA SHEETS (SDS) FOR CLEANING AND DISINFECTING PRODUCTS USED IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY

Characterizing applications, exposure risks, and hazard communication for engineered nanomaterials in construction.

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) may pose health risks to workers. Objectives were to characterize ENM applications in construction, identify exposure scenarios, and evaluate the quality of safety data sheets (SDSs) for nano-enabled construction products. SDSs and product data were obtained from a public database of nano-enabled construction products. Descriptive statistics were calculated for affected trades, product categories, and types of ENMs. A sample of SDSs (n = 33) was evaluated using modified criteria developed by NIOSH researchers. Bulk analysis via transmission electron microscopy characterized nanoparticles in a subset of products. Companies report using >50 ENMs in construction products. ENM composition could not be determined via SDSs for 38.1% of the 907 products examined. Polymers and metal oxides tied for most frequently reported ENMs (n = 87, 9.6%). Nano silica, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and silver nanoparticles were also frequently reported. Most of the products were paints and coatings (n = 483, 53.3%), followed by pre-market additives, cementitious materials, insulation, and lubricants. Workers in twenty construction trades are likely to handle nano-enabled products, these particularly encompass cement and brick masons, painters, laborers, carpenters, glaziers, and insulators. A wide range of exposure scenarios were identified. SDSs were classified as satisfactory (18%), in need of improvement (12%), or in need of significant improvement (70%). Bulk analyses revealed discrepancies between actual ENM composition and those in SDSs. There has been significant progress investigating risks to construction workers posed by ENMs, but SDSs need major improvements. This study provides new insights on the use of ENMs in construction, exposure risks, and hazard communication.

13 Reliability of material safety data sheet on paint thinners sold in Korea

13 Reliability of material safety data sheet on paint thinners sold in Korea

Identification of the pigments used in permanent makeup and their ability to elicit allergic contact dermatitis

Decorative tattoos are known to contain ingredients that may elicit allergic contact dermatitis; it is less well-known if permanent makeup pigments carry the same risk. Identify pigments used in permanent makeup inks sold in the United States and review cases of allergic contact dermatitis to these pigments. Using internet searches, permanent makeup inks sold in the United States were identified. Safety data sheets were used to catalog pigments used in permanent makeup. A subsequent literature search was performed to identify cases of allergic contact dermatitis to these pigments. A total of 974 permanent makeup inks were reviewed, and 79 unique pigments were identified. The average product contained 4 pigments. Twenty of the pigments were inorganic metals, including carbon, iron, chromium, manganese, and molybdenum. Fifty-nine pigments were organic, of which most were azo, quinacridone, or anthraquinone dyes. A literature search revealed that 10 of the 79 pigments were associated with allergic contact dermatitis. Permanent makeup primarily uses organic pigments, although some metallic pigments are still used. Physicians should also be aware that some of these pigments-both organic and inorganic-are known causes of allergic contact dermatitis. Of note, patch testing to these ingredients can be negative.

Acrylates and Methacrylates Sensitization in Patients with Orthopedic and Dental Prostheses: Asymptomatic Pre-Implant and Symptomatic Post-Implant Testing.

Acrylates and methacrylates are widely used in dental and orthopedic prostheses, false nails, adhesives, glues, and paints, and are strong sensitizers. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of acrylate sensitization in patients before the application of dental or orthopedic prostheses or after the application in case of potentially related contact dermatitis. Methods: The subjects were tested according to haptens reported in safety data sheets, including methyl methacrylate (MMA) 5%, methyl acrylate (MA) 1%, ethyl methacrylate (EMA) 2%, ethyl acrylate (EA) 1%, butylacrylate 0.1%, 2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) 5%, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate 2% (EGDMA), tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate 2% (TEGDMA), and dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate 0.2% (DAEMA). Multivariable logistic regression was used to study the factors associated with (meth)acrylate sensitization. Results: Six hundred sixty-five patients (75.4% of the total sample) without contact dermatitis before the placement of any dental or orthopedic prosthesis and 217 patients (24.6% of the total sample) with contact dermatitis potentially due to already placed prostheses were involved. In total, 37 cases of patch test positivity to at least 1 acrylate (4.2%) were found. In the pre-implant population, previous dermatitis and respiratory allergy were associated with increased sensitization to acrylates in multivariable regression analysis (odds ratio [OR] 2.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-5.39; OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.32-6.64, respectively). The prevalence of sensitization was 3.5% for EGDMA, 2.7% for EA, 1.5% for 2-HEMA, 1.4% for both MA and MMA, 1.28% for DAEMA, and 0.8% for EMA. No statistically significant difference was found in the prevalence of sensitization between the pre- and post-implant groups. Discussion: Our study found a similar profile of sensitization in pre-implant and post-implant patients, suggesting the need to better study the specificity and sensitivity of patch tests to (meth)acrylate and to define relevance considering a detailed history of exposure.

The role of European chemical manufacturing companies in promoting effective communication of conditions of safe use by workers.

In 2006, the revised chemicals management legislation mandatedthat manufacturers of hazardous chemical substances conduct risk assessments for the entire substance life cycle. Additionally, they mustcommunicate use-specific safe handling advice (exposure scenarios) to their customer, asannex to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS). Despite significant efforts to develop workable solutions for chemical mixtures, this goal has not yet been fully achieved. Therefore, a Cefic research project (LRI B23) was commissioned on how to ensure meaningful health risk communication for workers across supply chains. The research project determined that risk-based safe use advice generated by manufacturers, often does not reach the intended end-user and was seen as not tailored to specific user needs. Recipients of the advice are also not prepared to act based on information developed by suppliers. From an industry perspective, the complexity of supply chains and substance life cycles are considered major barriers for effective safe use communication. Exposure scenarios for substance use in industrial work environments are often perceived as adding little value compared to existing safe use arrangements required by other health, safety, and environmental legislation applicable to employers and duty-holders. To attain meaningful use-specific safe handling advice for workers, including those at non-industrial premises who may benefit most from such advice, knowledge transfer and close collaboration between manufacturers and formulators remain key elements, supported by enhanced regulatory appreciation.

Sensitivity of Daphnia spinulata Birabén, 1917 to glyphosate at different salinity levels.

Daphnia spinulata Birabén, 1917 is an endemic cladoceran species, frequent in the zooplankton communities of the shallow lakes of the Pampean region of Argentina. These lakes have varying salinity levels and, being located in agricultural areas, are frequently subject to pesticide pollution. This study aimed to determine the effects of the herbicide glyphosate (Panzer Gold®) in combination with different salinity levels on the biological parameters of D. spinulata and its recovery ability after a short exposure. Three types of assays were performed: an acute toxicity test, a chronic assessment to determine survival, growth and reproduction, and recovery assays under optimal salinity conditions (1g L-1). The LC50-48h of glyphosate was 7.5mg L-1 (CL 3.15 to 11.72). Longevity and the number of offspring and clutches were significantly reduced due to the combined exposure of glyphosate and increased salinity. The timing of the first offspring did not recover after glyphosate exposure. Our results reveal that D. spinulata is sensitive to the herbicide Panzer Gold® at concentrations well below those indicated in the safety data sheet of this commercial formulation, which causes stronger negative effects in conditions of higher salinity. Further research is needed to shed light on the sensitivity of this cladoceran to glyphosate and its variability under other interactive stress factors.

Respiratory and Other Hazard Characteristics of Substances in Cleaning Products Used in Healthcare Centres in England and Wales

Occupational use of cleaning products can cause asthma in healthcare workers but the cleaning agents responsible are not yet known. This study aimed to identify respiratory and other hazards in cleaning products on the National Health Service (NHS) supply chain online catalogue and used in the NHS. Information on cleaning products, their composition, and H-statements that identified hazard characteristics of chemical substances in them was obtained from chemical safety data sheets (SDSs). Furthermore, a quantitative structure-activity relationship model and a published asthmagen list were used to identify potential additional respiratory hazards. 473 cleaning products and 229 substances were identified. SDSs reported only 4 respiratory sensitizers but an additional 51 were suggested by the other 2 methods. In contrast, 25 respiratory irritants were identified using SDSs and only one from the asthmagen list. This comprehensive overview of cleaning agents' hazards has potential use in future risk assessment and epidemiological studies.

3PL Fire and Safety Hazard Assessment and Mitigation

3PL facilities, handling high volumes of goods, face unique fire and safety risks. This abstract explores assessing and mitigating these hazards. Common fire hazards include flammable materials, electrical issues, and improper storage. Safety hazards encompass slips, falls, and misuse of machinery. Assessment techniques involve inspections, reviewing safety data sheets, and analyzing incidents. Mitigation strategies focus on fire safety plans, proper storage, electrical safety, and employee training. The abstract emphasizes preventative maintenance and a culture of safety for a safer 3PL environment.

Analysis of Resin-Based Dental Materials' Composition Depending on Their Clinical Applications.

The objective of this study was to detail the monomer composition of resin-based dental materials sold in the market in 2023 and to evaluate the proportion of bisphenol A (BPA)-derivatives in relation to their applications. A search on manufacturers' websites was performed to reference resin-based dental materials currently on the European market (including the European Union (EU) and United Kingdom (UK). Their monomer composition was determined using material-safety data sheets and was completed by a search on the PubMed database. Among the 543 material compositions exploitable, 382 (70.3%) contained BPA derivatives. Among them, 56.2% contained BisGMA and 28% BisEMA, the most frequently reported. A total of 59 monomers, of which six were BPA derivatives, were found. In total, 309 materials (56.9%) contained UDMA and 292 (53.8%) TEGDMA. Less than one third of materials identified contained no BPA derivatives. These proportions vary a lot depending on their applications, with materials dedicated to the dental care of young populations containing the highest proportions of BPA-derivative monomers. The long-term effects on human health of the different monomers identified including BPA-derivative monomers is a source of concern. For children and pregnant or lactating women arises the question of whether to take a precautionary principle and avoid the use of resin-based dental materials likely to release BPA by opting for alternative materials.

APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF GREEN CHEMISTRY IN THE PLASTIC RECYCLING INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY

The subject of this research wasto verify the feasibility of implementing green chemistry principles within the business company „Omorika Reciklaža“ Ltd. situated in Johovac near Doboj, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The objective of this study wasto conduct a detailed assessment of the company's facilities and operations, using environmental audits, to identify technological processes (production lines), energy and waste flows, capacities, product range, and other pertinent factors crucial for theapplication of green chemistry principles. Special emphasis was placed on analyzing each substance that constitutes a raw material, whether used individually or as part of mixtures.The assessment of safety data sheets involvedutilizing the CAS registration numbers of substances from the Chemical Abstracts Service, cross-referenced with the ECHA database (European Chemicals Agency). The outcomes, attained through an exhaustive analysis of each substance, were presented as a "chemical inspection" of the company. Through the analysis of all substances and mixtures in the technological process (chemical inspection), as well as the capacity of production flows, energy and resource flows, wastewater, and waste, the potential for enhancing the technological process wasidentified. This involvedreducing dust levels in the workspace, decreasing electricity consumption (utilizing renewable sources), and substituting particularly hazardous chemicals used in the technological process. KEYWORDS:green chemistry; chemical safety; SVHC;environmentalaudit

A machine learning driven automated system for safety data sheet indexing

Safety Data Sheets (SDS) are foundational to chemical management systems and are used in a wide variety of applications such as green chemistry, industrial hygiene, and regulatory compliance, among others within the Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) and the Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) domains. Companies usually prefer to have key pieces of information extracted from these datasheets and stored in an easy to access structured repository. This process is referred to as SDS “indexing”. Historically, SDS indexing has always been done manually, which is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and costly. In this paper, we present an automated system to index the composition information of chemical products from SDS documents using a multi-stage ensemble method with a combination of machine learning models and rule-based systems stacked one after the other. The system specifically indexes the ingredient names, their corresponding Chemical s Service (CAS) numbers, and weight percentages. It takes the SDS document in PDF format as the input and gives the list of ingredient names along with their corresponding CAS numbers and weight percentages in a tabular format as the output. The system achieves a precision of 0.93 at the document level when evaluated on 20,000 SDS documents annotated for this purpose.

Safety Data Sheets as a Hazard Communication Tool: An Assessment of Suitability and Readability

BackgroundSafety data sheets (SDSs) are hazard communication materials that accompany chemicals/hazardous products in the workplace. Many SDSs contain dense, technical text, which places considerable comprehension demands on workers, especially those with lower literacy skills. The goal of this study was to assess SDSs for readability, comprehensibility, and suitability (i.e., fit to the target audience). MethodsThe Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) tool assessed SDSs for suitability and readability. We then amended the SAM tool to further assess SDSs for comprehensibility factors. Both the original and amended SAM tool were used to score 45 randomly selected SDSs for content, literacy demand, graphics, and layout/typography. ResultsSDSs performed poorly in terms of readability, suitability, and comprehensibility. The mean readability scores were Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (9.6), Gunning Fog index (11.0), Coleman–Liau index (13.7), and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook index (10.7), all above the recommended reading level. The original SAM graded SDSs as “not suitable” for suitability and readability. When the amended SAM was used, the mean total SAM score increased, but the SDSs were still considered “not suitable” when adding comprehensibility considerations. The amended SAM tool better identified content-related issues specific to SDSs that make it difficult for a reader to understand the material. ConclusionsIn terms of readability, comprehensibility, and suitability, SDSs perform poorly in their primary role as a hazard communication tool, therefore, putting workers at risk. The amended SAM tool could be used when writing SDSs to ensure that the information is more easily understandable for all audiences.

Safety data sheets for chemical laboratories associated with environmental engineering

Safety data sheets for chemical laboratories associated with environmental engineering are an essential document for conducting various experiments in laboratories. This document contains a list of toxic substances, a first aid kit, instructions for the proper disposal of waste, and other things that will definitely increase safety in the proper operation of laboratories. Such a passport has a reference character. Its purpose is to provide consumers, production and enterprise personnel, emergency services personnel with sufficient information about the safe handling of specific products and about the actions to be taken in case of danger to protect people and the environment. The structure of the passport and its contents are precisely defined by international rules. A chemical laboratory is a room specially adapted for technical and research experiments.