Materials Processing Operations Research Articles

Multi-dimensional analysis of financial accounting information and construction of decision support systems

Abstract Financial information is the core information of modern enterprises, which is of great significance to the sustainable development of enterprises. Based on the cost variance accounting model, the comprehensive budget management model, and the financial crisis early warning model, the financial information decision support system was constructed. Company S was selected for case analysis, and three modules in the decision-making system were used to analyze the company’s operating costs, overall budget management, and financial situation. Among the seven work centers of Company S, the consumption costs of the semi-finished product center and the procurement center account for the highest proportion, reaching more than 50% of the total manufacturing cost. Acquisition operations, raw material processing operations, semi-finished product operations, packaging operations, and quality inspection operations are some of the value-added operations of The Company. The operation efficiency of the procurement center, quality inspection center, maintenance center, and storage center is not high. Raw material processing centers, semi-finished product centers, and packaging centers are highly efficient. In 2022, the net profit of Company S will be -1.7592 million yuan, and the total profit will be -2.7418 million yuan. Management and selling expenses are exceeding the budget. The probability of financial risk was 82.35% and 88.46%, respectively. The company is facing serious financial risks due to its declining corporate sales, solvency, difficult capital turnover, and severe financial risks.

Dynamics of tangent-hyperbolic nanoliquids configured by stratified extending surface: Effects of transpiration, Robin conditions and dual stratifications

A mathematical study is presented to evaluate double stratification effects on the dual convected flow of a non-Newtonian (tangent-hyperbolic) nanoliquid persuaded by porous stretching surface. Thermal radiation along with transpiration (wall suction/injection) and heat source/sink are included. Buongiorno's model is employed for nanoscale effects and a Rosseland diffusion approximation for nonlinear radiative heat transfer. Appropriate similarity transformations are deployed to alter the dimensional governing nonlinear PDEs (partial differential equations) to a nonlinear differential one with physically viable boundary conditions. The transformed dimensionless BVP (boundary value problem) is computed analytically by a HAM (homotopic analysis method) algorithm and a symbolic software. Validation with earlier studies employing the numerical method (Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg) is included. The evolution in velocity, thermal and solutal (nanoparticle) fields are interpreted through graphical outcomes for the impact of significant sundry parameters. Tabular outcomes are also presented for skin-friction, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. A rise in material variable (Weissenberg number), the flow is decelerated while it is accelerated with increasing nonlinear thermal convective parameter, mixed convection parameter and buoyancy ratio values. Temperatures are boosted with increment in radiative, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, thermal Biot number and heat generation parameters whereas they are reduced with increasing thermal stratification parameter. Nanoparticle concentration values are suppressed with higher Schmidt number, Brownian movement and solutal stratification variable however they are boosted with greater values of thermophoresis and concentration Biot number. Local Sherwood number is improved with Schmidt number, concentration stratification parameter and concentration Biot number. Local Nusselt number is strongly increased with greater Prandtl number, thermal stratification number, thermal Biot number and radiative parameter. The study finds applications in thermal nano-polymeric coating flows in materials processing operations.

An Example of the Use of Traditional Woodworking Hand Tools in Product Design Studies at the Institute of Design Technologies of the Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry of Riga Technical University

Initially, hand tools were created to facilitate the processing of materials in manufacturing utility items. Tool design, technology, and ergonomics evolved along with the growing human ability to process new materials. The tool range has expanded to meet more diverse needs of the woodworking industry, adapting the tools for both universal use and specific functions. Understanding of the functionalities of woodworking hand tools is essential for observing the sequence of material processing and practical processing operations, as well as in building awareness of the properties of the wood material. This is ensured by the interaction between the operator, the tool, and the workpiece. An important aspect in raising awareness is the relatively low processing speed and the processing of the material with human-controlled movements. Treatment of wood with craft methods and tools reveals the characteristic properties of the material, including specifics of wood grain direction, the difference in the density of earlywood and latewood, and the difference in the longitudinal and transverse grain direction. It also allows understanding the most typical wood defects. To make the process of learning a wood material meaningful in the study process, it is integrated with product manufacturing, making students create a wooden puzzle. This process implies running a sequential crafting process from a solid pine board to a finished and functional product – a puzzle. Students have to make it following a uniform design drawing showing the proportions of the pieces and joints. While making a wooden puzzle, students choose the most appropriate tools for each processing stage. In the process, it is necessary to check, measure, mark, and cut the workpiece. The result is a three-dimensional product that may be assembled and disassembled. The assembly and disassembly process allows appreciating the role of processing accuracy in the course of work and its impact on the end result.

Tradicionālo kokapstrādes rokas instrumentu lietojuma piemērs produktu dizaina studijās Rīgas Tehniskās universitātes Materiālzinātnes un lietišķās ķīmijas fakultātes Dizaina tehnoloģiju institūtā

Initially, hand tools were created to facilitate the processing of materials in manufacturing utility items. Tool design, technology, and ergonomics evolved along with the growing human ability to process new materials. The tool range has expanded to meet more diverse needs of the woodworking industry, adapting the tools for both universal use and specific functions. Understanding of the functionalities of woodworking hand tools is essential for observing the sequence of material processing and practical processing operations, as well as in building awareness of the properties of the wood material. This is ensured by the interaction between the operator, the tool, and the workpiece. An important aspect in raising awareness is the relatively low processing speed and the processing of the material with human-controlled movements. Treatment of wood with craft methods and tools reveals the characteristic properties of the material, including specifics of wood grain direction, the difference in the density of earlywood and latewood, and the difference in the longitudinal and transverse grain direction. It also allows understanding the most typical wood defects. To make the process of learning a wood material meaningful in the study process, it is integrated with product manufacturing, making students create a wooden puzzle. This process implies running a sequential crafting process from a solid pine board to a finished and functional product – a puzzle. Students have to make it following a uniform design drawing showing the proportions of the pieces and joints.

MENUS—Materials engineering by neutron scattering

Materials engineering by neutron scattering (MENUS) at the second target station will be a transformational high-flux, versatile, multiscale materials engineering diffraction beamline with unprecedented new capabilities for the study of complex materials and structures. It will support both fundamental and applied materials research in a broad range of fields. MENUS will combine unprecedented long-wavelength neutron flux and unique detector coverage to enable real-time studies of complex structural and functional materials under external stimuli. The incorporated small angle neutron scattering and transmission/imaging capabilities will extend its sensitivity to larger length scales and higher spatial resolution. Multimodal MENUS will provide crystallographic and microstructure data to the materials science and engineering community to understand lattice strain/phase transition/microstructure/texture evolution in three orthogonal directions in complex material systems under combined extreme applied conditions. The capabilities of MENUS will open new scientific opportunities and meet the research needs for science challenges to enable studies of a range of phenomena and answer the key questions in material design/exploration, advanced material processing, transformative manufacturing, and material operations of national impacts in our daily life.

Transient operation effects on the thermal and mechanical response of a large-scale rotary kiln

Rotary kilns are central equipment in material processing operations such as oxide ore reduction, clinker manufacturing, and hazardous waste incineration. This work focuses on an industrial-scale rotary kiln for Ferronickel production via the Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace (RKEF) process. Rotary kilns are prone to mechanical failure exacerbated by thermal effects, mainly during transient operation, such as preheating and cooling. However, few studies have tackled the impact of the transient operation on the stress state in the rotary kiln wall. Therefore, we evaluate the thermal and mechanical behavior of the rotary kiln wall during preheating. Actual operation data and a thermal model enable to obtain the temperature distribution along the kiln length. This temperature distribution is the starting point for calculating the stress state of the shell and refractory. The maximal thermal gradient occurs at 10 m from the hot end, with temperatures at the outer and inner surfaces of 200 °C and 820 °C, respectively. The von Mises stress shows a maximum of 121 MPa at the wheel position in the hot region of the refractory and a range of 30–60 MPa in the shell. In addition, the compressive stress is higher than the ultimate compressive strength of the refractory. However, it does not necessarily represent refractory detachment due to the plastic deformation undergone by the refractory under high temperatures. This work paves the way towards developing a tool for accurately predicting rotary kiln mechanical failure, which can help optimize operating conditions and assist in programming maintenance.

Predicting Quality of Castings via Supervised Learning Method

The process input data which materials processing operations can collect for each unit of production is extensive. Large datasets have long been difficult to work with as computing power to execute analysis in a timely fashion was unavailable. Further, the great velocity at which the data is generated makes near real-time decision-making unwieldy without a new set of tools with which to do the work. When troubleshooting by a small dataset, such as the last few hours of production, observations made on the measured parameters can be misleading. Machine learning is opening doors to high-dimensional data analysis in material processing. In this work, high-pressure die-casting (HPDC) is explored as an exemplar of high-volume materials processing. HPDC process summary data from a full year of production data covering over 950,000 machine cycles is analyzed via supervised machine learning methods to successfully model the prediction of good parts and process scrap as determined by the die-casting machine. Additionally, the prediction of ultimate tensile strength via a classification method of extracted tensile bars is performed and the important features identified are discussed. Supervised learning is found to be a useful tool for materials processing applications.

The influence of structural and geometric imperfections on the LDB strength of steel–concrete composite beams

The behavior of structural steel frames is significantly influenced by the presence of structural and geometric imperfections. The structural imperfections, namely, the residual stresses, are generated during most manufacturing processes involving material deformation, heat treatment, machining or processing operations. As the residual stresses, the geometric imperfections are fundamental in the analysis of critical buckling and post-buckling behavior of thin-walled structures. These initial imperfections can be captured using the second order inelastic analysis, also known as advanced analysis. In the modern steel design codes, e.g., European code EC3, Australian code AS4100, North American Code AISC360-16 and Chinese code GB50017 the development of advanced numerical analyses is allowed to predict the behavior of steel and composite frames. However, the random nature of the shapes and magnitudes of the initial imperfections results in difficulties in developing these analyses. Therefore, this paper presents an assessment of the influence of structural imperfections, namely, the residual stresses, and geometric imperfections on the Lateral Distortional Buckling (LDB) strength of steel–concrete Composite Beams (SCCB). The basis of the research is a thorough comparison between numerical and experimental results. Several residual stress patterns found in the literature have been implemented in numerical simulations of four different tests on SCCB subjected to uniform hogging moment. In addition, a sensitive analysis of the geometric imperfection values, namely, the initial bending, was developed. The post buckling numerical analyses were developed with the ABAQUS software. The analysis shown in this work shall help the choice of the initial imperfections on future numerical simulations on SCCB.

The influence of structural imperfections on the LTB strength of I-beams

The structural imperfections, namely, the residual stresses, are generated during most manufacturing processes involving material deformation, heat treatment, machining or processing operations. The intensity and distribution of residual stresses are dependent on the techniques used in the production of steel sections (welding, rolling or cold formed techniques) and their dimensions. An appropriate evaluation of residual stress is of great importance for the structural performance of steel I-beams. Residual stresses can have a significant impact on the stability of structural members. In the case of I-section beam elements, such stresses can impact lateral torsional buckling (LTB) strength, particularly in the inelastic range. For the development of post buckling numerical analyses, the consideration of residual stress distribution models is fundamental for the correct determination of the LTB strength of I-beams. However, there are several models that attempt to represent the distribution and intensity of residual stresses. These models have a different influence on the LTB behavior of I-beams in numerical analysis. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate, through the development of post buckling numerical analyses with the ABAQUS software, the influence of the different residual stress distribution models on the LTB strength of I-beams. Seven different residual stress models were analyzed on simply supported I-beams subject to uniformly distributed loading applied in the shear center and in the upper flange. The results were compared with standard procedures. It was verified considerable divergences in LTB strength depending on the residual stress model applied. In addition, this paper presents a synthesis of the main residual stress distribution models. The analyses showed in this work shall help the choice of the residual stress distribution model on future numerical simulations.

Transient analysis of Casson fluid thermo-convection from a vertical cylinder embedded in a porous medium: Entropy generation and thermal energy transfer visualization

Thermal transport in porous media has stimulated substantial interest in engineering sciences due to increasing applications in filtration systems, porous bearings, porous layer insulation, biomechanics, geomechanics etc. Motivated by such applications, in this article a numerical investigation of entropy generation effects on the heat and momentum transfer in unsteady laminar incompressible boundary layer flow of a Casson viscoplastic fluid over a uniformly heated vertical cylinder embedded in a porous medium is presented. Darcy’s law is employed to simulate bulk drag effects at low Reynolds number for an isotropic, homogenous porous medium. Heat line visualization is also included. The mathematical model is derived and normalized using appropriate transformation variables. The resulting time-dependent non-linear coupled partial differential conservation equations with associated boundary conditions are solved with an efficient unconditionally stable implicit finite difference Crank Nicolson scheme. The time histories of average values of momentum and heat transport coefficients, entropy generation and Bejan number, as well as the steady-state flow variables are computed for several values of non-dimensional parameters arising in the flow equations. The results indicate that entropy generation parameter and Bejan number are both elevated with increasing values of Casson fluid parameter, Darcy number, group parameter and Grashof number. To analyze the heat transfer process in a two-dimensional domain, plotting heat lines provides an excellent approach in addition to streamlines and isotherms. The dimensionless heat function values are shown to correlate closely with the overall rate of heat transfer. Bejan’s heat flow visualization implies that the heat function contours are compact in the neighbourhood of the leading edge of the boundary layer on the hot cylindrical wall. It is observed that as the Darcy number increases, the deviations of heat lines from the hot wall are reduced. Furthermore the deviations of flow variables from the hot wall for a Casson fluid are significant compared with those computed for a Newtonian fluid and this has important implications in industrial thermal materials processing operations.

Kinematic viscosity measurement of granular flows via low Reynolds number cylinder drag experiment

Confined, vibration-driven grain piles exhibit fluid-like properties, in particular, predictable, non-random flow patterns, hydrodynamic modal response to vibrational forcing, and a persistent, spatially uniform tendency toward local statistical mechanical equilibrium. This paper presents a technique that combines particle image velocimetry of vibration-driven grain flow over a submerged, instrumented cylinder and measurement of the flow-induced drag force on the cylinder to determine the grain flows effective kinematic viscosity. The fundamental basis of such measurements is provided by recent work showing that high-restitution grain piles subject to low-amplitude vibration are macroscopic dynamical analogs of liquid-state molecular hydrodynamic systems. Practically, the proposed viscometric method provides a key material property, the kinematic, or equivalently, dynamic viscosity, for use in computational fluid dynamic simulations of a variety of materials processing operations that utilize vibration-driven grain flows.

MHD free convection flow of power-law nanofluid film along an inclined surface with viscous dissipation and joule heating

Purpose The purpose of this study is to present the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow and heat transfer in an accelerating film of a non-Newtonian pseudo-plastic nanofluid along an inclined surface with viscous dissipation and Joule heating. Design/methodology/approach An incompressible and inelastic fluid is assumed to obey the Ostwald-de-Waele power law model and the action of viscous stresses is confined to the developing momentum boundary layer adjacent to the solid surface. Viscous dissipation and Joule heating on the flow of electrically conducting film in the presence of uniform transverse magnetic field is considered for the Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC) water-based nanofluid. The fluid is the CMC-water-based with concentration (0.1-0.4 per cent) containing three types of nano-solid particles Cu, Al2O3 and TiO2. The modeled boundary layer conservation equations are transformed to dimensionless, coupled and highly non-linear system of differential equations, and then solved numerically by means of a local non-similarity approach with shooting technique. To validate the numerical results, a comparison of the present results is made with the earlier published results and is found to be in good agreement. Findings The effects of magnetic parameter, Prandtl number, Eckert number and Biot numbers on the velocity and temperature fields are presented graphically and discussed for various values of thermo-physical parameters. It has been found that magnetic field decelerates the fluid velocity for both cases of Newtonian nanofluid and pseudo-plastic nanofluid because of the generated drag-like Lorentz force. This is of great benefit in magnetic materials processing operations, utilizing static transverse uniform magnetic field, as it allows a strong regulation of the flow field. Research limitations/implications The numerical study is valid for two-dimensional, steady, laminar film flow of Ostwald-de-Waele power law non-Newtonian nanofluid along an inclined plate. A uniform transverse magnetic field of strength B0 is applied perpendicular to the wall. Assume that the base fluid and the nano-solid particles are in thermal equilibrium with no slip effects. The interaction of magnetic field with nanofluid has several potential implications and may be used to deal with the problems such as cooling nuclear reactors by liquid sodium and inducting the flow meter which depends on the potential difference in the fluid along the direction perpendicular to the motion and to the magnetic field. Practical implications The study has significant applications in magnetic field control of materials processing systems. Originality/value The results of the present study may be attentiveness to the engineers and applied mathematicians who are interested in hydrodynamics and heat transfer enhancement associated with film flows.

A Compensation Controller Based on a Nonlinear Wavelet Neural Network for Continuous Material Processing Operations

Continuous material processing operations like printing and textiles manufacturing are conducted under highly variable conditions due to changes in the environment and/or in the materials being processed. As such, the process... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press

Impacts of lead time reduction on fabric sourcing in apparel production with yield and environmental considerations

In apparel supply chains, manufacturers usually request a short lead time for fabric supplies. However, a short supply lead time would create environmental problems such as insufficient time for proper control of chemicals and material processing operations, and lead to a lower production yield of good quality supplies. Motivated by this observed industrial practice in fabric sourcing and apparel production, we build a stylized analytical model to investigate how lead time reduction in fabric sourcing affects performances of the fabric supplier and apparel manufacturer as well as the environment. To be specific, we first derive the optimal ordering quantity for the apparel manufacturer and find that it is a production yield scaled newsvendor fractile quantity. We then explore the expected values of lead time reduction, and derive the respective analytical conditions for the apparel manufacturer, fabric supplier and whole supply chain to be benefited by lead time reduction. From the conditions, we reveal that the prior demand mean (which also implies the relative prior demand uncertainty) plays a critical role in determining whether lead time reduction is beneficial. We illustrate how a win–win situation in the supply chain can be achieved by a properly designed deposit payment scheme. For the environment, we show that when the fabric supplier’s profit is improved under lead time reduction, the environment must be hurt. We further investigate how an environment tax can be imposed on the fabric supplier so as to entice it to invest in green technologies.

RGV dynamic scheduling optimization model based on greedy algorithm

For one intelligent processing system which inclusionRGV, how to effectively use various resources to rationally and dynamically perform dynamic scheduling to improve production efficiency is the key. This paper studies only the material processing operations of a single process. According to the processing process of a given material, we need to focus on analyzing its dynamic scheduling strategy. In a material processing system with an established 8-hour working time, maximizing the amount of material processing is the primary goal. However, the increased amount of material processing is obtained by continuously completing the accumulation of work tasks. Therefore, the core is to convert the material processing quantity maximization model in the system into a task selection planning model based on time loss minimization, and seek each with a greedy algorithm. A task selects the optimal solution locally, and approximates each local optimal combination as a global optimal.

A molecular dynamics study on transient non-Newtonian MHD Casson fluid flow dispersion over a radiative vertical cylinder with entropy heat generation

In the present research article, the transient radiative free convective hydromagnetic Casson fluid flow past a vertical cylinder with entropy heat generation is analysed numerically. The mathematical model of this problem is constituted by highly time-dependent non-linear coupled equations and they are resolved by an efficient unconditionally stable implicit scheme. The time histories of average values of momentum and heat transport coefficients, entropy generation and Bejan number, as well as the steady-state flow variables are discussed for several values of non-dimensional parameters arising in the flow equations. The results indicate that entropy generation parameter and Bejan number upsurges with rising values of Casson fluid parameter, viscous dissipation parameter, group parameter and Grashof number, whereas the reverse trend is observed for radiation and magnetic parameters. Also, it is viewed that the variation of entropy and Bejan lines occurs in the proximity of the hot cylindrical wall only. Finally, a comparison between the Casson and Newtonian fluid is made based on the obtained numerical results of the present study and this has important implications in industrial thermal materials processing operations.

Hydromagnetic Flow and Heat Transfer in a Williamson Non-Newtonian Fluid from a Horizontal Circular Cylinder with Newtonian Heating

A theoretical and computational study of the magneto hydrodynamic flow and free convection heat transfer in an electro-conductive polymer on the external surface of a horizontal circular cylinder under radial magnetic field is presented. The Williamson viscoelastic model is employed which is representative of certain industrial polymers. Newtonian heating is incorporated via appropriate boundary conditions as this represents better actual thermal materials processing operations. The non-dimensional, transformed boundary layer equations for momentum and energy are solved with the second order accurate implicit Keller box finite difference method under appropriate boundary conditions. Validation of the numerical solutions is achieved via benchmarking with earlier published results. The influence of Weissenberg number (ratio of the relaxation time of the fluid and time scale of the flow), magnetic body force parameter, stream wise variable and Prandtl number on thermofluid characteristics are studied graphically and via tables. A weak elevation in temperature accompanies increasing Weissenberg number whereas a significant acceleration in the flow is computed near the cylinder surface with increasing Weissenberg number. Nusselt number is reduced with increasing Weissenberg number. Skin friction is increased whereas Nusselt number is reduced with greater stream wise coordinate. The study is relevant to smart coating transport phenomena.

Thermo-mechanical coupling strategies in elastic–plastic problems

Modeling strategies aimed at thermo-mechanical coupled problems has been developed for a wide range of engineering applications. Staggered-type coupling procedures have been largely used in materials processing operations, especially in commercial codes, owing to their simplicity and flexibility. The present work shows that, in thermo-plastic problems, the classical implementation of the most common coupling procedure may present accuracy issues and time-stepping dependency. Numerical experiments indicate that an iterative coupling scheme constitutes a viable and simple approach to this class of problems.

Status Quo and Perspectives: Laser Markets

AbstractIndustrial laser systems are now firmly established in material processing operations among world's manufacturing industries. Proof of this can be shown in recent statistical reports which estimate that slightly more than $ 80 bn of machine tools were produced in 2015; of which an estimated $ 8 bn or 10 % were industrial laser systems qualified as machine tools. Therefore logic suggests that industrial laser sales should track machine tool sales.

STEFAN BLOWING, NAVIER SLIP, AND RADIATION EFFECTS ON THERMO-SOLUTAL CONVECTION FROM A SPINNING CONE IN AN ANISOTROPIC POROUS MEDIUM

Thermal radiation features in many high temperature materials processing operations. To evaluate the influence of radiative flux on spin coating systems, we consider herein the thermo-solutal (coupled heat and mass transfer) in steady laminar boundary layer natural convection flow from a rotating permeable vertical cone to an anisotropic Darcian porous medium. Surface slip effects are also included in the model presented. The conservation equations are rendered into self-similar form and solved as an ordinary differential two-point boundary value problem with surface and free stream boundary conditions using MAPLE 17 software. The transport phenomena are observed to be controlled by ten parameters, viz primary and secondary Darcy numbers (Dax and Da), rotational (spin) parameter (NR), velocity slip parameter (a), suction/injection parameter (S), thermal slip parameter (b), mass slip parameter (c) buoyancy ratio parameter (N), and conduction-radiation parameter (Rc). Tangential velocity and temperature are observed to be enhanced with greater momentum slip whereas swirl velocity and concentration are reduced. Increasing swirl Darcy number strongly accelerates both the tangential and swirl flow and also heats the regime whereas it decreases concentrations. Conversely a rise in tangential Darcy number accelerates only the tangential flow and decelerates swirl flow, simultaneously depressing temperatures and concentrations. Increasing thermal slip accelerates the swirl flow and boosts concentration but serves to retard the tangential flow and decrease temperatures. With higher radiation contribution (lower Rc values) temperatures are elevated and concentrations are reduced. Verification of the MAPLE 17 solutions is achieved using a Keller-box finite difference method (KBM). A number of interesting features in the thermo-fluid and species diffusion characteristics are addressed. Key words: Stefan blowing; Spinning cone; MAPLE 17; Anisotropic