Material Flows In Supply Chains Research Articles

ОЦІНКА ВЗАЄМОВПЛИВУ МАКРОЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ЧИННИКІВ ТА ЛАНЦЮГІВ ПОСТАЧАНЬ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

The article analyzes the main macroeconomic indicators of the national economy: gross domestic product (GDP) in nominal and real terms, GDP per capita, and consumer price index. Their dynamics in the period before and during the full-scale war is studied. It is noted that the gaps in the volumes of real and nominal gross product are explained by the presence of a significant percentage of the shadow economy and inflationary processes in Ukraine. The shadow economy makes it impossible to accurately estimate real GDP, as it does not take into account the informal economy and goods and services that do not pass through supply chains. The paper identifies aspects of the interaction between macroeconomic factors and supply chains. Particular attention is paid to the cause-and-effect relationship between inflationary processes and supply chains. In particular, the following are considered: shocks to the economy due to the lockdown caused by the Covid19 pandemic; full-scale Russian invasion; destruction and relocation of production facilities; disruption of logistics and supply chains; growth in production costs of business entities; migration processes. The article analyzes the dynamics of the consumer price index in Ukraine and European countries in recent years. Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine has created a number of new global economic challenges. This has increased costs in the supply chain and affected the supply of goods and, consequently, their prices. Consumer price indices in European countries have risen to their highest levels in recent years. The main ways to optimize the movement of material flows in supply chains in the context of the war in Ukraine at the national and global levels are considered. At the global level, logistics restructuring based on supply chain management concepts has been introduced, humanitarian cargoes have been transported without carriers having to cross borders, logistics centers have been organized for efficient transportation management, and nishoring, onshoring, and friendshoring have been implemented. At the national level, the company has established cooperation with state authorities to find optimal solutions for cargo transportation, and companies use dual-sourcing approaches with the use of digital logistics tools, development of new logistics routes.

Regularities of Change of The Supply Chain Operation Efficiency, Depending on The Parameters of The Transport Process

Abstract Movement of material flow in supply chain is impossible without transport involvement. It confirms importance of this element in the entire system functioning. However, efficiency of supply chain based only on transport efficiency indicators is not appropriate. The main purpose of it functioning is to satisfy consumers’ demand on physical inventory with minimum logistical costs. At the same time, it is important to organize work of all the elements in a way to give maximum synergetic effect. The issues of efficiency increase of supply chain functioning have been studied by many scientists; however, regularities of performance changes of its functioning including parameters of transportation process have not been discovered to full extent. In the article the influence of technological process parameters of freight transportation to the total transport costs has been identified; simulation of the goods delivery process to distribution points has been conducted; transport efficiency regularities on distribution city routes depending on its functioning parameters has been estimated; regularities of storage costs change depending on its parameters have been identified; regularities of change of the supply chain operation efficiency, depending on the parameters of the transport process have been identified.

Coordination and synchronization of material flows in supply chains: An analytical approach

The coordination of joint material flows is a key element in supply chain management. Although analytical models for the coordination of materials are of great practical value, literature analyzing them remains scarce. This article contributes to this gap by studying a generic supply chain model. The supply chain is assumed to have a single production facility that is supplied by two independent suppliers. The field of combinatorics serves as a means to derive exact results for important performance measures, and the results suggest insights related to several supply chain management principles.

The Dynamics of Material Flows in Supply Chains

This paper reviews a range of methodological approaches to solving the bullwhip problem. The bullwhip problem is a dynamic consequence of supply chain structures and replenishment policies. The roles of the structure of the demand process, the treatment of time (continuous v discrete), forecasting techniques and lead-times will be reviewed. In practice, and in the theory, a variety of techniques have been used to smooth the dynamics of supply chains. These include, the use of sophisticated forecasting, pooling of demand and inventories, proportional feedback controllers and full-state feedback systems. Multi-echelon supply chains also present a number of interesting innovations. From the traditional, arms-length trading relationships, information sharing, vendor managed inventory and echelon stock policies can be developed. More sophisticated collaboration and co-ordination mechanisms may also lead to altruistic behaviour and result in superior performance. The impact of these procedures will be examined. Finally thoughts on new directions in bullwhip research will be given and an industrial case study on bullwhip reduction is presented.