Matching Logic Research Articles

Research on a Matching Method for Vehicle-Borne Laser Point Cloud and Panoramic Images Based on Occlusion Removal

Vehicle-borne mobile mapping systems (MMSs) have been proven as an efficient means of photogrammetry and remote sensing, as they simultaneously acquire panoramic images, point clouds, and positional information along the collection route from a ground-based perspective. Obtaining accurate matching results between point clouds and images is a key issue in data application from vehicle-borne MMSs. Traditional matching methods, such as point cloud projection, depth map generation, and point cloud coloring, are significantly affected by the processing methods of point clouds and matching logic. In this study, we propose a method for generating matching relationships based on panoramic images, utilizing the raw point cloud map, a series of trajectory points, and the corresponding panoramic images acquired using a vehicle-borne MMS as input data. Through a point-cloud-processing workflow, irrelevant points in the point cloud map are removed, and the point cloud scenes corresponding to the trajectory points are extracted. A collinear model based on spherical projection is employed during the matching process to project the point cloud scenes to the panoramic images. An algorithm for vectorial angle selection is also designed to address filtering out the occluded point cloud projections during the matching process, generating a series of matching results between point clouds and panoramic images corresponding to the trajectory points. Experimental verification indicates that the method generates matching results with an average pixel error of approximately 2.82 pixels, and an average positional error of approximately 4 cm, thus demonstrating efficient processing. This method is suitable for the data fusion of panoramic images and point clouds acquired using vehicle-borne MMSs in road scenes, provides support for various algorithms based on visual features, and has promising applications in fields such as navigation, positioning, surveying, and mapping.

Together forever? How customer co‐creation affects the adoption of digital service innovations over time

AbstractThis study delves into the intricate relationship between customers' willingness to co‐create (WCC) and the required level of co‐creation (LCC) for effective service innovation adoption. In response to recent findings suggesting a “co‐creation sweet spot,” beyond which additional co‐creation activities have detrimental effects, this research aims to provide both theoretical and empirical insights into this phenomenon. Unlike previous investigations focusing on either the willingness to co‐create or the level of co‐creation at a particular point in time and overlooking potential interactions, our study considers their interactions over time, acknowledging that revenue for most digital services is generated through ongoing customer usage. Utilizing longitudinal data from 352 participants across four waves and employing structural equation modeling, our analysis reveals a nuanced pattern. Customers' willingness to co‐create predominantly shapes usage intention in the pre‐adoption stage, while the level of co‐creation becomes a critical driver for continuous usage in the post‐adoption stages. Further analysis using response surface analysis with polynomial regression confirms a specific matching logic: customers with low (high) willingness to co‐create expect a low (high) level of co‐creation from a service innovation. From a theoretical perspective, our findings contribute to bridging the research gap concerning an optimal co‐creation level, offering insights into psychological processes underlying the co‐creation sweet spot. Furthermore, we also shed light on temporal aspects of the interplay between willingness to co‐create and the level of co‐creation, offering a more holistic perspective on their joint influence on adoption behavior. From a managerial perspective, our study challenges the traditional assumption that more co‐creation naturally leads to better outcomes. It emphasizes the significance of tailoring the level of co‐creation in digital service innovations based on customers' intrinsic willingness. This strategic customization aligns with the evolving landscape of digital service innovation, offering practical insights for managers striving to optimize their co‐creation strategies.

Study of the Mechanism and Countermeasures for the Supply-Demand Coupling of Rural Planning Talent in Local Higher Education Institutions

The implementation of the national rural revitalization strategy has triggered an urgent demand for the training of rural planning talent at different levels. With local higher education institutions supplying talent for regional rural revitalization as a research object, based on the two major systems of professional talent training and regional rural development, this paper interpreted the new connotations of the supply-demand coupling of rural planning talent from the three perspectives of relationship, intensity and quality, analyzed the coupling mechanism on the basis of matching logic, local logic and flexible logic, and thus put forward countermeasures for coordinated supply-demand coupling of rural planning talent in local higher education institutions in the three aspects of structural, local and flexible adaptation. The study deepens the academic and theoretical research on talent supply and demand and professional talent training in local higher education institutions and provides important intellectual support for the formulation of relevant optimization and regulation policies by local governments and higher education institutions.

Proof-carrying parameters in certified symbolic execution

Abstract Complex frameworks for defining programming languages aim to generate various tools (e.g. interpreters, symbolic execution engines, deductive verifiers, etc.) using only the formal definition of a language. When used at an industrial scale, these tools are constantly updated, and at the same time, it is required to be trustworthy. Ensuring the correctness of such a framework is practically impossible. A solution is to generate proof objects as correctness artefacts that can be checked by an external trusted checker. A logic suitable for developing such frameworks is matching logic. K framework is a canonical example having matching logic-based foundation. Since the (symbolic) configurations of the programs are represented by matching logic patterns, the algorithms computing the dynamics of these configurations can be seen as pattern transformers and a proof object should be generated for the relationship between these patterns. In this paper, we show that conjunctions and disjunctions of patterns, produced by semantics or analysis rules, can be safely normalized using unification and antiunification algorithms. We also provide a prototype implementation of our proof object generation technique and a checker for certifying the generated objects.

Professionalization of Public Health – an exploratory case study

Introduction: Public health is continuously challenged by a shortage of workforce. There are various reasons for this: 1) public health is less visible than traditional health professions and people may be unfamiliar with the nature and opportunities involved in entering this career field; 2) lack of official recognition of public health as a professional category; and 3) no umbrella organization that supports its members and governs professional standards as is the case of other more established professions. To adequately address the challenges of public health for the 21st century, a key policy element will need to focus on adequately cultivating, training and growing the future workforce of professionals in the field. The aim of this study was to examine why professionalization of public health in Europe is not as robust as it deserves to be and what steps can be taken to assure an adequate supply of professionals with the proper education and training background, and career guidance to tackle the public health needs of the future. Method: A case study approach was used collecting data via a scoping literature review, a focus group with public health students and interviews with public health experts for convergence. Data was analysed using directed content analysis and pattern matching logic. Results: Public health fulfilled five out of seven attributes of a profession, such as skills, training and education, certification and an altruistic service. Recognition of Public Health as multidisciplinary and multi-professional field, derived from the interviews as an additional characteristic. A code of ethics and professional conduct and a formal organization were missing. Conclusion: Public health professionals and organisations that govern best practices in this field should consider introducing a shared code of ethics and professional conduct as well as establishing a coordinated body to help advance the public status as a the profession to increase interest in studying and specializing in this area.

Matching Logic for Concurrent Programs Based on Rely/Guarantee and Abstract Patterns

This paper combines rely/guarantee, abstract patterns and matching logic to reason about concurrent programs in a modular and compositional manner. According to the separation property, the state can be divided into two disjoint parts, the local state and the shared state. We use matching logic to deal with the local state, and use rely/guarantee and abstract patterns to deal with the shared state. The power of rely/guarantee is to describe interference between concurrent programs. The advantage of abstract patterns is supporting fictional separation, which indicates that we logically consider abstract patterns to represent disjoint elements, although these elements are not disjoint under a certain implementation. By combining the advantages of rely/guarantee, abstract patterns and matching logic, our approach realize that clients of the module can be verified completely according to the specification of the module, regardless of the implementation of the module. In addition, we use several examples to illustrate our approach, define our logic judgments, and prove the soundness of our logic.

Matching Logic Based on Ownership Transfer

We combine “ownership transfer” with matching logic to reason about fault-free partial correctness of shared-memory concurrent programs. As we all know, what really gives separation logic (concurrent separation logic) an edge is the ownership transfer of the heap. Inspired by this, we use matching logic to realize variable ownership (permission) and its transfer mechanism, which reveals the hidden principle behind “protected variables” of resource and “rely set” in extended CSL. In addition, variable ownership can replace Dijkstra’s semaphore blocking technique to achieve the critical section. Soundness is important to us, we provide a semantic model that supports the separation property and demonstrate the soundness of our logic based on trace semantics.

Vertical and horizontal diffusion of labour standards in global supply chains: working hours practices of tier-1 and tier-2 textiles and garment suppliers

This paper explores the diffusion of working hours standards beyond tier-1 suppliers in the garment supply chain. It compares working hours designs and rationales of tier-1 and tier-2 garment suppliers in Jordan and garment and textiles suppliers in Egypt. Building on the idea of crossvergence, the paper extends previous insights on explanatory factors that are rooted in the supply chain and captures global, local, and firm-level rationales. The analysis followed a flexible pattern matching logic and draws on a qualitative multiple-case study encompassing 30 owner-manager interviews, 13 expert interviews, and multiple documents and field observations. Convergence to global standards was found to be higher in tier-1 compared with tier-2 garment firms and differed between the garment and the textiles industry. The study showed that labour standard demands of global buyers dissolve along the supply chain, while the price and lead time squeeze persists or increases. How suppliers navigate the antagonism of labour standard and procurement demands depends upon local level factors and firm resources. A framework of human, intellectual, physical, and financial resources was developed to capture structural differences between higher- and lower-tier suppliers. The findings underscore the need for new procurement strategies of global buyers and tier-1 suppliers, and further investments in multi-stakeholder initiatives that monitor sub-suppliers, support resource development, and address systemic barriers to labour standard compliance.

Economic Aspects of a Resource Sharing Manufacturing Network under Turbulences

Nowadays, manufacturing companies face more difficulties than ever. Unrest in global supply chains triggered by fluctuating customer demand, raw material shortages and crises (Covid pandemic, global warming, wars) complicate the utilization of production resources necessary for economic success. Also, the rapidly changing environment causes existing production plans to be adapted, which results in order changes, causing additional costs for manufacturers. One solution to cope with these problems is cooperation and sharing resources: requesting capacity from partners when having shortages and offering them temporarily in case of excess capacity.
 In this paper, a platform-based resource sharing mechanism is investigated from the economic perspective. In the mechanism, requests and offers are matched by a central platform applying a complex matching logic. The platform provides valid alternatives based on the incoming orders that the requesting company can choose from. Companies are rating each other’s performance after each interaction based on delivery accuracy; choosing between resource offers is made based on the cumulated rating about the offeror and the price of the offer.
 Within this paper, the aim is to investigate the resource sharing mechanism from the economic point of view based on an approach to the responsiveness of a supply chain structure to turbulence, to support decision-makers trying to cope with unexpected changes. For this purpose, here the mechanism is briefly introduced, and basic concepts about turbulences in supply chains are also presented. Cost types related to resource sharing manufacturing companies are distinguished, and the model is validated with agent-based simulation. A simulation experiment is performed to investigate the use-case of outsourced jobs having different price levels. Based on the experiment, it can be concluded that there is a price level limit in such a resource sharing federation, under which it is worth it to collaborate with partners by outsourcing certain jobs to them.

Construction of a spatial–temporal metabolic path for hazardous waste management based on the fusion of reported data and web text data

This study employs mining and fusion of the waste reported data and web text data to construct a spatial–temporal metabolic path for hazardous waste management. According to the reported data, the generation and inventory of organic solvent waste account for a large proportion of hazardous waste; thus, they were selected as the representative waste in the construction of metabolic paths from the generation to the final disposal during 2016 to 2019. Web text data were obtained by a web crawler to identify where waste was produced, stored, and disposed. Based on the matching logic, the reported data and web text data were fused to realize the spatio-temporal expression for the logical metabolic path. The results showed that the generation of organic solvent waste displayed rapid growth, increasing from 17,922 to 22,005 tons between 2016 and 2019. The number of waste production enterprises also showed growth, with most of them disconnected downstream, accounting for an average of 43.84% of the total metabolic paths. The number of metabolic paths representing the complete waste disposal decreased significantly by 23.02% during this period. Most of the waste was transferred outside the Chengdu metropolitan area for final disposal, accounting for an average of 14.90% of the total waste generation. In addition, the contributions to organic solvent waste were identified; the automobile and electronic device manufacturing industries were the major sources. These results provided insight into hazardous waste management, making a call for improvement in the existing management system. • A spatial–temporally metabolic path regarding hazardous waste is constructed. • The path is constructed through the fusion and mining of waste reported data and web text data. • The managerial issues related to the existing waste management system are identified. • Policy implications for hazardous waste management system optimization are proposed.

Mechanizing Matching Logic In Coq

Matching logic is a formalism for specifying, and reasoning about, mathematical structures, using patterns and pattern matching. Growing in popularity, it has been used to define many logical systems such as separation logic with recursive definitions and linear temporal logic. In addition, it serves as the logical foundation of the K semantic framework, which was used to build practical verifiers for a number of real-world languages. Despite being a fundamental formal system accommodating substantial theories, matching logic lacks a general-purpose, machine-checked formalization. Hence, we formalize matching logic using the Coq proof assistant. Specifically, we create a new representation of matching logic that uses a locally nameless encoding, and we formalize the syntax, semantics, and proof system of this representation in the Coq proof assistant. Crucially, we prove the soundness of the formalized proof system and provide a means to carry out interactive matching logic reasoning in Coq. We believe this work provides a previously unexplored avenue for reasoning about matching logic, its models, and the proof system.

Capturing constrained constructor patterns in matching logic

Reachability logic for rewrite theories consists of a specification of system states that are given by constrained constructor patterns, a transition relation that is given by a rewrite theory, and reachability properties expressed as pairs of state specifications. Matching logic has been recently proposed as a unifying foundation for programming languages, specification and verification. It is known that reachability properties can be naturally expressed in matching logic. In this paper, we show that constrained constructor patterns can be faithfully specified as a matching logic theory. As a result, we obtain a full encoding of reachability logic for rewrite theories as matching logic theories, by combining the two encodings. We also show that the main properties of constrained constructor patterns can be specified and proved within matching logic, using the existing proof system.

Implementation of Goals of Care Communication Innovation Among Nursing Homes: A Multiple Case Study Design.

Nursing homes (NHs) provide care to residents with serious illness and related complex health care needs. As such, discussions about end-of-life care between NH staff and residents and families are necessary to ensure residents receive care consistent with their goals. Interventions such as video decision aids have been developed to promote discussions and improve advance care planning, but few studies have examined how NH characteristics may relate to the implementation of these interventions; such information might lead toward more use of successful interventions. The purpose of this study is to understand NH characteristics that are associated with the implementation of the Goals of Care (GOC) intervention, which combined a video decision aid with a structured discussion to guide decision-making in advanced dementia. A multiple case study. Staff surveys were conducted to examine factors related to implementation effectiveness in 11 NHs in North Carolina that participated in the GOC trial. Questions measured the dependent variable of implementation effectiveness: the consistency and quality of use of the GOC intervention. NH organizational characteristics were measured using publicly available data and an administrator survey. The analysis consisted of pattern matching logic. High management support aligned with implementation effectiveness within NHs. In addition, the within case pattern analysis indicated additional characteristics related to implementation effectiveness. Facility size, Medicare beds, residents' racial composition, and star rating were related to implementation effectiveness across 6 of the 11 NHs. NH financial resources, such as size and number of Medicare beds, may be important factors for successful implementation. NHs seeking to implement advance care planning interventions should focus on within and across NH differences, such as adequate management and financial support prior to implementation to increase the likelihood of implementation effectiveness.

Wireless Power Transfer for 6G Network Using Monolithic Components on GaN

A novel architecture for Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) module usingmonolithic components on GaN is presented in this paper. The design ofsuch a WPT module receives DC power from solar panels, consists ofphotonic power converter (PPC), beamforming antenna, low pass filter,input matching network, rectifier, output matching network and logic circuit(off-chip) which are all integrated on a GaN chip. Our WPT componentsshow excellent simulated performance, for example, our novel beamforming antenna and multiple port wideband antenna have a gain of 8.7 dBand 7.3 dB respectively. We have added a band pass filter to the rectifieroutput which gives two benefits to the circuit. The first one is filteringcircuit will remove unwanted harmonics before collecting DC power andsecond is filter will boost the efficiency of rectifier by optimizing the loadimpedance. Our proposed rectifier has RF-DC conversion efficiency of74% and 67% with beam-forming antenna and multiple port wide bandantenna respectively. Our WPT module is designed to charge a rechargeablebattery (3 V and 1 mA) of a radio module which will be used between twoantennas in future 5G networks. We believe our proposed WPT modulearchitecture is unique and it is applicable to both microwave and millimeterwave systems such as 6G.

Quantum pattern matching oracle construction

We propose a couple of oracle construction methods for quantum pattern matching. One of the constructs is based upon the conventional string comparison method. This, along with a unique input state preparation, when combined with the Grover’s search algorithm, results in a deterministic exact and partial pattern matching logic. The other method generates a superposition of Hamming distances between the searched pattern and all the substrings formed from the input string. The measurement statistics from a large ensemble would provide data on the closest match. We show that this method can leverage parallel computing for enhanced performance. Alternatively, it can also be combined with the minimum finding algorithm for a deterministic outcome.

Matching logic explained

Matching logic was recently proposed as a unifying logic for specifying and reasoning about static structure and dynamic behavior of programs. In matching logic, patterns and specifications are used to uniformly represent mathematical domains (such as numbers and Boolean values), datatypes, and transition systems, whose properties can be reasoned about using one fixed matching logic proof system. In this paper we give a tutorial of matching logic. We use a suite of examples to explain the basic concepts of matching logic and show how to capture many important mathematical domains, datatypes, and transition systems using patterns and specifications. We put emphasis on the general principles of induction and coinduction in matching logic and show how to do inductive and coinductive reasoning about datatypes and codatatypes. To encourage the future tools development for matching logic, we propose and use throughout the paper a human-readable formal syntax to write specifications in a modular and compact way.

Analisis dan Evaluasi Pengaruh Temperatur, Pencahayaan dan Kebisingan terhadap Jumlah Produksi pada Fabrikasi Ekstrusi Alumunium dengan Menggunakan Metode Sugeno dalam Logika Fuzzy

The concept of ergonomics in the work environment is an important to be applied in an industry. The application of ergonomics is expected to create a safe, healthy and comfortable work environment so that work becomes more productive and efficient and there is a guarantee of work quality. Based on the problems that occur, a method is needed to overcome fluctuations in the amount of production, one of the ways is by using fuzzy logic. The conclusion of this paper is the analysis and processing of data carried out using the Sugeno method, both software and manual by entering the temperature input variable of 31o C, lighting of 500 lux and noise 85 db, the results obtained for the amount of production in the next period of 531 in the manual calculation , while the software count is 487. Based on these results the number of manual calculations and Matlab software with fuzzy logic using the Sugeno method has a difference that is not far from the data received by 281. This means that the percentage of matching fuzzy logic processing with received data is 97.76% .

Towards a unified proof framework for automated fixpoint reasoning using matching logic

Automation of fixpoint reasoning has been extensively studied for various mathematical structures, logical formalisms, and computational domains, resulting in specialized fixpoint provers for heaps, for streams, for term algebras, for temporal properties, for program correctness, and for many other formal systems and inductive and coinductive properties. However, in spite of great theoretical and practical interest, there is no unified framework for automated fixpoint reasoning. Although several attempts have been made, there is no evidence that such a unified framework is possible, or practical. In this paper, we propose a candidate based on matching logic, a formalism recently shown to theoretically unify the above mentioned formal systems. Unfortunately, the (Knaster-Tarski) proof rule of matching logic, which enables inductive reasoning, is not syntax-driven. Worse, it can be applied at any step during a proof, making automation seem hopeless. Inspired by recent advances in automation of inductive proofs in separation logic, we propose an alternative proof system for matching logic, which is amenable for automation. We then discuss our implementation of it, which although not superior to specialized state-of-the-art automated provers for specific domains, we believe brings some evidence and hope that a unified framework for automated reasoning is not out of reach.

A Socioeconomic Edge Effect: Rational Crime in Small Areas of Sharp Socioeconomic Contrast

Objectives: To determine whether criminogenic “edges,” as defined by crime pattern theory, exist at points of sharp contrast of socioeconomic status (SES). Methods: The study uses a quasi-experimental design with pattern matching logic. A series of negative binomial regression models separately examine five different crimes with an economic incentive as dependent variables, and five crimes without an economic incentive as nonequivalent dependent variables, to determine whether census block groups of predominantly and comparatively higher SES than the wider surrounding area experience greater reported rational crime than would otherwise be expected. Results: The census block groups of comparatively higher SES located within and/or near areas of predominantly lower SES experienced one of the five crimes with an economic incentive, robberies by firearm, 40 percent more frequently than would otherwise be expected. Conclusions: The study’s findings are partially consistent with its hypothesis, which is grounded in crime pattern, rational choice, routine activities, and social disorganization theories. The findings encourage future research that may extend the definition of an “edge” under crime pattern theory as well as research at the intersection of criminological theories.

A general approach to define binders using matching logic

We propose a novel definition of binders using matching logic, where the binding behavior of object-level binders is directly inherited from the built-in exists binder of matching logic. We show that the behavior of binders in various logical systems such as lambda-calculus, System F, pi-calculus, pure type systems, can be axiomatically defined in matching logic as notations and logical theories. We show the correctness of our definitions by proving conservative extension theorems, which state that a sequent/judgment is provable in the original system if and only if it is provable in matching logic, in the corresponding theory. Our matching logic definition of binders also yields models to all binders, which are deductively complete with respect to formal reasoning in the original systems. For lambda-calculus, we further show that the yielded models are representationally complete, a desired property that is not enjoyed by many existing lambda-calculus semantics. This work is part of a larger effort to develop a logical foundation for the programming language semantics framework K (http://kframework.org).