Masticatory Exercise Research Articles

Establishment of a new rehabilitation program using masticatory training food for jaw deformity patients

Background/purposePatients with jaw deformities may show a reduction in masticatory function as a result of postoperative hypofunction. This study aimed to establish a novel rehabilitation program using a commercially available masticatory training food for patients with jaw deformities after orthognathic surgery. Materials and methodsNine patients with mandibular prognathism (the training group: n = 5, and the non-training group: n = 4) and 6 control participants with normal occlusion were included in this study. For the rehabilitation program with masticatory exercise, patients were instructed to chew the training food once a day for 60 days starting from 10 days after the surgery. The effects of the rehabilitation program were assessed by determining the maximum bite force (MBF) and the masticatory performance (MP). Clinical assessments were performed just before orthognathic surgery (Pre) and at 10 days (T0), 1 month (T1), 2 months (T2), and 3 months (T3) after surgery. ResultsCompared with the non-training group, the training group showed a trend toward greater recovery amount of MBF from Pre to T3, and a significantly greater recovery amount in MP (p < 0.05) from Pre to T3. When the time-series change of MP was evaluated in both groups from T0 to T3, a significant difference was observed in the interaction terms (p = 0.03). This result indicates that the effectiveness of the training may be demonstrated by following the postoperative course further. ConclusionThe rehabilitation using this training food may become a useful method for postoperative hypofunction in patients with jaw deformities.

Effects of masticatory exercise on cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults.

BACKGROUND: Mastication improves cognitive function by activating cerebral cortical activity, and it is important to demonstrate the cognitive effects of masticatory training using a variety of different interventions.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of masticatory exercise on cognitive function in healthy older adults living in the community.METHODS: For six weeks, twelve participants performed a masticatory exercise using a NOSICK exerciser device, and thirteen subjects performed daily life without masticatory exercises. Trail Making Test, Digit Span Test, and Stroop test were used to measure the cognitive function.RESULTS: The participants in the experimental group showed significant improvements in TMT-A/B ( 0.001 and 0.004), DST-forward ( 0.001), and ST-word ( 0.001). The effect sizes after the intervention were calculated as (1.2 and 0.8) for TMT-A/B, (0.8 and 0.2) for Digit Span Test forward/backward, and (0.6 and 0.2) for Stroop test color/word.CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the masticatory exercises improve cognitive function in healthy older adults. Therefore, masticatory exercises can be used as a therapeutic exercise during cognitive rehabilitation.

Clinical value of V-shaped concealed incision in parotid benign tumors

Objective:The aim of this study is to explore the clinical value of V-shaped concealed incision in parotid benign tumors surgery.Method:Thirty-two patients with benign parotid tumors who were hospitalized from January 2016 to December 2017 were selected. All patients were treated with a V-shaped incision approach, starting from the anterior dermatoglyph of the tragus,extending downward to the earlobe and backward to the posterior earlobe, which formed an intersection point of the earlobe for parotid benign tumors,superficial lobectomy and facial nerve dissection.The greater auricular nerve and parotid masseter fascia were preserved,and the occult incision and prognosis were followed up for 1 year.Result:①All patients achieved primary healing without salivary fistula and infection.The visual analogue scale (VAS) score of 32 patients with postoperative aesthetic satisfaction was 0.②Of the 32 patients,only 2 had temporary facial paralysis after operation, which returned to normal after 1 and 2 months,while the rest had no facial paralysis symptoms.③The posterior and inferior auricular branches of the greater auricular nerve were preserved in all the 32 patients, and the sensation of the lobe was numb to varying degrees after the operation. After 3 months,the sensation recovered completely.④Two patients had skin flushing and sweating on the affected cheek during masticatory exercise, while the others had no Frey syndrome. ⑤Five patients who were repaired with sternocleidomastoid muscle flaps during operation were reexamined one year after operation.There was no significant asymmetric depression on the operative side compared with the healthy side.⑥All the 32 patients were followed up for 1 year without recurrence.Conclusion:The V-shaped concealed incision is performed for benign tumor resection of the parotid gland. The incision approach is concealed and the scar is not obvious.The surgical field is clear and easy to operate.It is not easy to damage the facial nerve and the ear nerve. After the operation,the patient has a satisfactory facial shape.The parotid gland secretion function is basically normal,which is superior to the traditional S-shaped incision and has good clinical application value.

Effects of gum chewing exercise on maximum bite force according to facial morphology.

Development of the masticatory system is influenced by functional needs. Furthermore, masticatory exercise can improve masticatory function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of the gum chewing exercise on the maximum bite force (MBF) in adult subjects with different facial morphologies. MBF was measured by a portable occlusal force gauge and lateral cephalogram was used for evaluation of craniofacial morphology in 19 individuals (7 males and 12 females) with a mean age of 25.4 years (SD ± 4.3). The volunteers underwent gum chewing exercise for 5 min twice a day for 4 weeks. MBF was measured before (T1) and after the 4‐week exercise (T2). The facial morphology of the subjects was classified into the brachy (n = 7), mesio (n = 7), and dolicho (n = 5) facial types. In all three groups, exercise was associated with a significant increase in MBF, though the percent increase was highest in the dolicho facial type. We conclude that gum chewing exercise can improve masticatory performance, especially in individuals with dolicho facial morphology.

Association between Masticatory Performance and Exercise Capacity of Adolescents

Association between Masticatory Performance and Exercise Capacity of Adolescents

Effects of postoperative masticatory exercise using chewing gum on the stomatognathic function of skeletal Class III patients

Effects of postoperative masticatory exercise using chewing gum on the stomatognathic function of skeletal Class III patients

The Effects of Masticatory Exercise Using Chewing Gum on Cognitive Function and Stress

Masticatory function affects energy expenditure, heart rate, working memory, choice reaction time, and psychological arousal. In other words, masticatory function is closely related to cognitive processing ability. It also influences concentration and stress. The purpose of this study was to determine whether masticatory exercise training using chewing gum can improve cognitive function and stress. The participants were recruited from Sahmyook University and were divided into a masticatory exercise group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15) by having each of the subjects take out one card from a box containing two types of cards representing the study groups. This study used sugar-free chewing gum with xylitol for the masticatory exercise. Cognitive function and stress were assessed before and after the masticatory exercise. The Memorizing Numbers (MN), Finding a Picture by Name (FPN), and Match Card (MC) components of the COMCOG® test were used to assess cognitive function, which is closely linked to memory, attention, and concentration. Stress was measured using the SA-3000P® system. COMCOG® component scores and stress resistance (SR) and stress index (SI) scores were assessed before and after the training. The groups significantly differed in MN, FPN, MC, SR, and SI scores (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that masticatory exercise using chewing gum improves cognitive function and reduces stress.

Changes in masticatory functions after surgical orthognathic treatment in patients with jaw deformities: Efficacy of masticatory exercise using chewing gum

Changes in masticatory functions after surgical orthognathic treatment were evaluated longitudinally in 47 patients in whom mandibular prognathism were surgically corrected and the efficacy of masticatory exercise for the masticatory functions was evaluated. The masticatory exercise group consisted of 34 subjects and the control group consisted of 13 subjects without masticatory exercise and the normal occlusion group consisted of 20 subjects. Masticatory exercise using chewing gum was started at 6 months after surgery and was conducted for 5min two times a day for 90 days. Masticatory efficiency was measured using ATP granules, and the number and area of occlusal contacts and maximal occlusal force were measured using a computerized system consisting of pressure sensitive sheets.The mean values of all measurements before surgery in the patients were significantly lower than those in the normal occlusion group and the values increased gradually after surgery, especially in the masticatory exercise group, but the final values were still low compared with those of the normal occlusion group. The mean of executing rates of masticatory exercise in the masticatory exercise group was 68.6%. Positive correlations were found between executing rates of masticatory exercise and improvement rates in masticatory efficiency and maximal occlusal force. We conclude that masticatory exercise using chewing gum after orthognathic surgery is effective for improving masticatory efficiency and maximal occlusal force in patients with jaw deformities.

Influence of masticatory exercises using hard chewing gum on chewing pattern and first molar of mixed dentition

Abstract: Masticatory exercise for a set period of time improves maximum bite force and labial-closure strength and changes masticatory patterns. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ef...

Application of Heart Rate Variability, Salivary Constituents and Electroencephalographic Elements to Evaluate Function of the Sympathetic or Parasympathetic Nerves during Masticatory Exercise

Application of Heart Rate Variability, Salivary Constituents and Electroencephalographic Elements to Evaluate Function of the Sympathetic or Parasympathetic Nerves during Masticatory Exercise

Poster 199: Changes in Masticatory Function After Surgical Orthognathic Treatment in Patients With Jaw Deformities: Efficay of Masticatory Exercise Using Chewing Gum

Recovery of masticatory function is one of the important objectives of orthognathic surgery. In the present study, changes of masticatory function after surgery and efficacy of masticatory exercise were evaluated longitudinally in 41 patients in whom jaw deformities were surgically corrected and masticatory exercise using chewing gum were conducted for five minutes two times a day for 90 days. The findings of masticatory function were compared with those of 20 control subjects with normal occlusion and those of 15 patients in whom jaw deformities were surgically corrected and masticatory exercise were not conducted. Masticatory efficiency was measured using ATP granules, and the number and area of occlusal contacts and maximum occlusal force were evaluated by Occlusal Prescale, and subjective feeding abilities were evaluated by questionnaires.Measurements were performed three times, namely before surgery, and six months and one year after surgery. The mean masticatory efficiency in the patients with high executing rates of masticatory exercise was increased postoperatively to the same level as control group, but that in the patients with low executing rates of masticatory exercise was low and at the same level as the patients without masticatory exercise. On the other hand, improvement rates of the number and area of occlusal contacts were not correlated with executing rate of masticatory exercise. Subjective feeding abilities were considerably improved postoperatively in all patients. In conclusion, it is considered that masticatory exercise using chewing gum after orthognathic surgery is effective to improve maximum occlusal force and masticatory efficiency in the patient with jaw deformity and should be integrated into the treatment.

Masticatory Exercise as an Adjunctive Treatment for Hyperdivergent Patients

This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the morphologic effects of masticatory muscle exercise as an adjunctive therapy for hyperdivergent patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. Three samples of 50 subjects were selected, including one sample treated with orthodontics combined with exercise, one sample treated with orthodontics only, and an untreated control sample. Subjects were matched on the basis of age, sex, mandibular plane angle (MPA), treatment duration, and treatment rendered. Patients in the treated exercise sample were instructed to clench their teeth together as hard as possible for 15 seconds and to repeat this process at least four times for a total of one minute; this one-minute exercise was to be performed as often as possible throughout the day. Morphologic data was derived from pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms. Exercise with orthodontics produced significant (P < .05) increases in overbite compared to orthodontics alone. However, changes in vertical facial morphology were not significantly different between the two treated samples. Relative to untreated controls, both treated samples showed significantly greater increases in the MPA (S-N to Go-Me), Y-axis, and the lower to total facial height ratio; the treated samples also showed significantly less true forward mandibular rotation than the untreated controls. Short-term clenching exercises performed daily are insufficient as an adjunct to traditional orthodontic treatment for correcting or controlling the vertical dimension.

Effect of Controlled Masticatory Exercise on Pain and Muscle Performance in Myofascial Pain Patients: A Pilot Study

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that strengthening masticatory muscles using a controlled chewing exercise protocol improves muscle function, as evaluated quantitatively by electromyogram, and reduces pain at rest and during function. The study included 20 patients diagnosed with myofascial pain according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders with low masseter volume increase during maximal clench. The exercise group (ten patients) was subjected to a controlled gum chewing exercise protocol for eight weeks: the control group (ten patients) received only support and encouragement. Patients were examined at the beginning and at the end of the experiment which included an electromyogram (EMG) to assess muscle performance, masticatory muscle tenderness to palpation, mouth opening range, subjective anamnestic indices to evaluate pain perception and pain relief, and chewing tests. The EMG showed that the masticatory muscle exercise did produce objective physiologic results. In the exercise group, a significant increase was found in the electric muscle activity of the masseters during maximal voluntary clench (p=0.007). The exercise group showed significant reduction in pain during rest, pain during the chewing test, and a disability score. At the end of the study, a difference between the two groups was shown in the Pain Relief Scale: significantly greater pain relief was found in the exercise group as compared to the control group (p=0.019). For all other clinical parameters, there was no difference between the two groups or interaction between time and treatment. The results of this study seem to be equivocal. Additional experiments on larger population groups with extended chewing protocols are necessary before a more substantial conclusion can be reached.

The effect of masticatory exercise on the maximum force tolerance of individual teeth.

The effect of masticatory exercise on the maximum force tolerance of individual teeth.