Master's Degree Research Articles

Parental awareness on myopia prevention and control among 350 children

AIM: To understand the current situation of parental perspectives, knowledge, and practices concerning myopia prevention and control for both pre- and school-aged children. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional survey that involved children aged 0 to 15y and their parents. Participants were required to respond to an online questionnaire by scanning a quick response (QR) code. The questionnaire consisted of 25 tick-box questions and was open to response from December 22, 2022, to January 5, 2023. The dioptric traits of the children, the visual status and educational background of the parents, the parental perspectives towards myopia and its risks, and the parents' knowledge and practices related to myopia prevention and control were recorded and measured. The Chi-square test and binomial logistic regression were used for statistics. RESULTS: Totally 350 parents responded to the questionnaire. The prevalence and severity of myopia among the surveyed children exhibited a positive correlation with advancing age (P<0.001 and P=0.004, respectively). Nearly half of parents with myopic children considered myopia did not pose any health threat and could be effectively corrected (P<0.001). Parents who held master's or doctoral degree demonstrated a better understanding of children's vision standards for each age group (P=0.001), and 31.63% of them could undergo initial vision screening for their children during the age of 0 to 3y while parents with bachelor's degree (34.04%) and below (32.43%) mainly initiated the vision examination for their children at the age of 4 to 6y (P=0.05). Parents with master's or doctoral degree also exhibited more rational practices concerning outdoor time (P=0.048) and sleep time (P=0.044). No other significant discrepancy among the different educational groups in additional conceptions of myopia, such as hyperopia reserve, axis length, and corneal curvature alterations. Most parents preferred to employ conventional interventions, such as enhancing indoor lighting condition (80.00%) and ensuring appropriate reading posture and distance (71.71%). CONCLUSION: The current status of parental knowledge and practices about myopia prevention and control remains outdated and deficient. The administrative department should implement efficacious and adaptable measures to enhance parental awareness and foster their commitment towards myopia prevention and control.

Reliability of ultrasound assessment of the rectus femoris muscle thickness: intra-rater, inter-rater, and inter-day analysis accounting for age and sex.

The rectus femoris muscle plays an important role in maintaining lower limb stability and biomechanical control during basic physical activities. Both reduced quadriceps strength and decreased muscle thickness of the rectus femoris, as measured by ultrasound, are associated with an increased risk of falls in older adults. We estimated the relative and absolute intra-rater, inter-rater, and inter-day reliability of the procedure. A female biologist and a male physical educator, both holding a master's degree in human movement and rehabilitation, captured ultrasound images of the right rectus femoris muscle in 106 healthy participants (58 females and 48 males), aged 18 to 73 years. Each rater captured three images per participant during each visit, with two visits 7to10 days apart. A third person subsequently measured the muscle thickness. We calculated the Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) using a two-way random model and determined the 95% minimal detectable difference (MDD). The mean muscle thickness was 2.12cm. The reliability based on single measurements was as follows: the intra-rater ICC for raters A and B was 0.998 at both visits (MDDs: 0.074-0.082cm). The inter-rater ICC was 0.976 at visit 1 and 0.977 at visit 2 (MDDs: 0.269-0.270cm). The inter-day ICC was 0.973 for rater A and 0.972 for rater B (MDDs: 0.286-0.291cm). Sensitivity analyses accounting for age, sex, and the use of mean measurements produced similar results. The results were homoscedastic. The rectus femoris muscle thickness was measured with good reliability using ultrasonography across all the settings.

Postoj studentů sociální pedagogiky k homoparentálním rodinám

The paper is focused on the research of the attitude of the students of the Bachelor's and Master's degree programmes in social pedagogy from the J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, University of Ostrava and Masaryk University in Brno (N = 107) towards the issue of homoparental families and in a broader context towards homosexuality as such. Furthermore, we also focus on the students' perspective on how the issue of homoparental families is reflected in the educational content of the subjects in their curriculum. An accessible type of research sampling was used. The author's questionnaire constructed on the principle of Likert scales was used as a research instrument. The questionnaire includes items aimed at identifying attitudes towards gay marriage, the causes of homosexuality, the upbringing of children by homoparental parents, and the space devoted to this topic in the university training of future social educators. The data obtained were processed using descriptive methods of statistical analysis and further analyzed. The findings show that a significant majority of the respondents are in favour of homosexual couples receiving the same rights as heterosexual couples, including the possibility of marriage. Furthermore, the majority of respondents appear to be in favour of the naturalness of homosexual couples raising children. From the answers we can conclude that the students interviewed consider homosexuality as natural as heterosexuality and their attitudes are mostly positive.

Knowledge and concern towards endometriosis among Lebanese women: a cross-sectional study.

Endometriosis is a prevalent disease among women worldwide, including the Middle East. Insufficient knowledge about the disease causes delayed diagnosis which could result in major complications, particularly infertility. Thus, being aware of the symptom's aids in prompt diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, no research has been done in Lebanon to assess the Lebanese women's knowledge about endometriosis. To determine the understanding and concerns of Lebanese women about endometriosis which aids in identifying knowledge gaps and misconceptions so that they can be addressed. A cross-sectional study was conducted between February and March 2024 among Lebanese females, who completed the authors' online questionnaire assessing knowledge and concern about endometriosis and its associated symptoms, Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between score of knowledge and different characteristics of patients. A survey of 725 Lebanese women (mean age 32.5 years, SD = 9.5) revealed low knowledge (25.9%) about endometriosis origin, symptoms, and treatment. Over 60% were unaware of endometriosis symptoms, while 9.9% mistakenly believed menstrual cramps indicated the disease. Younger age (< 35 years), higher education (Master's degree or above), professional occupation, lower pregnancy and live birth rates, and no history of abortion, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine or ovarian conditions, and pelvic surgeries were significantly associated with greater knowledge of endometriosis. Lebanese women's knowledge of endometriosis is limited. This highlights how crucial medical education and awareness initiatives are in addressing the issue in Lebanon. Greater awareness of endometriosis will encourage Lebanese women to seek medical advice and consultation, resulting in earlier detection and treatment.

Occupational radiation dose among student radiographers, nuclear medicine technologists, and radiotherapists in an Australian university.

To become registered radiation worker as radiographer, nuclear medicine (NM) technologist, or radiotherapist in Australian health system, a 4-y bachelor's degree, or a 2-y master's degree in medical imaging (MI), NM, or radiation therapy (RT) approved by the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency is required. During their supervised clinical practice period, it is crucial to monitor students' occupational radiation dose as their annual dose limit is 1mSvy-1 unlike regular occupational dose of 20mSvy-1. In this study, the distribution and trend of occupational dose among over 300 radiography, NM, and radiotherapy student practitioners per year in an Australian university are analyzed over a period of 10y (2013-22). The overall average annual effective dose was well below the dose limit set for the students. Among the three streams-MI, NM, and RT-NM students had the highest annual dose.

Unraveling the gender wage gap: Exploring early career patterns among university graduates

AbstractA large body of literature has shown that the gender wage gap is small in the first years after graduation and increases gradually with age, largely because of family decisions, often a penalty caused by childbirth. However, the gender wage gap immediately after graduation has received less attention. Using a unique dataset that links 5000 university graduates with master's degrees or equivalent from a large German university to detailed employment records from the German social security register, we specifically analyze the gender wage gap at the first job and its dynamics during the initial years of their careers after graduation. We find that a significant gender wage gap already exists in the first job after graduation, even before most young individuals make family decisions. However, this gender wage gap decreases in the first year after entering the labor market and then increases slowly over time. We attribute this initial decrease in the gender wage gap to female university graduates experiencing greater returns from firm and occupational changes than their male counterparts. This suggests that women may use these changes to address skill mismatches, which are more common among women than men in their first job.

Family and consumer sciences graduate research productivity in 2023

AbstractFamily and consumer sciences research from graduate theses and dissertations and the resulting degrees have been reported annually in the Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal since 1992. Requests for the 2023 data began in September 2024 when 528 email invitations were sent to contacts at 163 US universities and colleges with family and consumer sciences programs. Forty‐six institutions responded with data and reported that 1550 graduate degrees were conferred collectively, with 1027 non‐thesis master's degrees, 241 master's theses, and 282 dissertations completed. This review reports graduate degree completion and highlights topical trends of the theses and dissertations completed by reporting programs.

ELT Student Teachers’ Acceptance and Knowledge Base of Integrating Virtual Reality into Task-Based Contexts

This qualitative study explored the acceptance and knowledge base of English language teaching (ELT) student teachers regarding the incorporation of virtual reality (VR) into oral tasks to promote learner engagement within the framework of task-based language teaching (TBLT). Twenty-six ELT student teachers, pursuing their Master of Arts degree at a university in Hong Kong, were interviewed about their acceptance of VR oral tasks and assessed on their knowledge of task engagement and VR. Content analysis, guided by the technology acceptance model and the technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) framework, was conducted to analyse their interview data. The findings indicated their acceptance of VR-based oral tasks, based on their overall positive perceptions of VR, and confirmed their existing pedagogical knowledge of task engagement. However, their concerns regarding the effectiveness of VR-based oral tasks were influenced by their insufficient TPACK. The findings highlight their urgent need for professional training, not only to enhance VR experiential opportunities but also to learn how to develop teaching materials that integrate VR.

OS PRODUTOS EDUCACIONAIS DA ÁREA DE ENSINO EM HUMANIDADES RELACIONADOS COM A EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL:

The work on screen brings the results of an analysis of educational products with a focus on Environmental Education, from the Graduate Program in Humanities Teaching at the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo. The aim of this study was to evaluate these materials, aiming to serve as a basis for future students who will be able to improve their educational products and, consequently, contribute to the program and to the teaching-learning process as education professionals. This study is characterized as a qualitative research of an exploratory nature that involved the execution of a research of documentary sources composed of 7 educational products that worked under the aspect of environmental education produced by the students of the master's degree, thus allowing to draw an overview of the program's perspectives . These materials were evaluated based on the criteria Complexity, Impact, Applicability, Access, Adherence and Innovation, as proposed in the model by Rizzatti et al (2020). Although it is an initial study, nevertheless, it is believed in its potential to contribute to the program, to the area of ​​teaching in the humanities and to future students who want to reach a higher level of efficiency in their educational materials. In general, the educational products analyzed reached satisfactory levels in all the evaluated criteria, but the research showed that there are fields for improvement, thus indicating that future master's students of the program should pay more attention to the needs raised when preparing their educational materials, in order to achieve a standard of excellence in the final result of its productions.

A Comparative Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Partograph among GNM 3rd Year Students and B.Sc. Nursing 4th Year Students in Selected Nursing Colleges, Haridwar

A comparative study to assess the knowledge regarding partograph among GNM 3rd year students and B.Sc. nursing 4th year students in selected nursing colleges, Haridwar, towards the partial fulfillment of the requirement degree of masters in nursing, at Shri Swami Bhumanand College Of Nursing, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Uttarakhand Medical University, Dehradun, during the year 2019-2021. Under the objectives of the study to assess the knowledge regarding partograph among GNM 3rd year students and B.Sc. nursing 4th year students in selected nursing colleges, Haridwar. Non-experimental descriptive research was conducted to assess the knowledge regarding partograph among GNM 3rd year students and B.Sc. nursing 4th year students in selected nursing colleges, Haridwar. The target number of people for study was student of nursing college from among GNM 3rd year students and B.Sc. nursing 4th students in in Shri Swami Bhumanand College of Nursing, Haridwar. The sample size of the study was 60 and for gathering the data questionnaire was prepared and the sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistic to computed information, master data sheets were prepared. Result of the study shows that B.Sc. nursing 4th year students have good knowledge as compared to GNM 3rd year students as their mean score of B.Sc. nursing 4th year students is 16.7 which is higher from the mean score of GNM 3rd year and all demographic variable is associated between B.Sc. nursing 4th year and of GNM 3rd year students.It is concluded that there is significant difference between knowledge regarding partograph among GNM 3rd year students and B.Sc. 4th year students.

Attitude of Healthcare Providers Towards Care of People with Disabilities, in Hail Region, Saudi Arabia.

Disability, whether congenital or acquired, poses significant challenges that affect individuals' physical, mental, psychological, and social functioning. This study aimed to examine the attitudes of healthcare providers in Hai'l City towards people with disabilities. A cross-sectional design was used, involving 321healthcare providers from the Hai'l region, employing the Scale of Attitudes towards Disabled Persons (SADP) for data collection. The data were collected through an online survey and analyzed using SPSS 26. The results indicated a generally positive attitude of healthcare providers towards people with disabilities, with mean scores exceeding 89 across various groups. Older providers (over 35 years old) exhibited the highest positivity rate (92.57), although differences in age, sex, educational level, years of experience, and professional role were not statistically significant. Master's degree holders had the highest average score (93.52), but the differences remained statistically insignificant. The study concludes that while healthcare providers generally have positive attitudes towards people with disabilities, there is a critical need for comprehensive training programs to enhance the quality of care provided. Future research should extend to other regions and employ qualitative methods to gain deeper insights into healthcare providers' attitudes toward and experiences with people with disabilities.

Realization of the humanitarian potential of a higher mathematics course in the professional training of technical university students

Introduction. The next stage of globalization of relations is being formed – the creation of a digital economy, including smart manufacturing, smart finance, telemedicine, etc. The UNESCO Science Report: the Race Against Time for Smarter Development – Executive Summary, published in 2021, calls this phase the “fourth industrial revolution.” The development and basis of this revolution in the fields of science and engineering is directly related to digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, robotics, blockchain technology, which intersect with nano- and biotechnologies, and cognitive sciences. Scientific institutions and higher education systems are actively involved in this process as direct participants and as training institutions. Mathematical training is rightfully considered the methodological basis of most educational and special disciplines. The purpose of the study is to reveal the humanitarian potential of a higher mathematics course in the professional training of a technical university student. Materials and methods. In accordance with the provisions of the system-activity and information approaches, the authors have developed a questionnaire to identify preferences in realizing the humanitarian potential of the higher mathematics course at a technical university. Respondents are asked to rank the proposed six statements that characterize the mathematical preparation of students. 368 people took part in the survey, among them students of bachelor's degree (136 people), specialty (124 people), master's degree (78 people) and postgraduate studies (30 people) of St. Petersburg Mining University. The method of summarizing and grouping statistical observation materials was used. Results. The highest rating of 3.74 was occupied by the contradiction between the awareness of the leading role of mathematics in the development of logical thinking and at the same time the predominance of theoretical facts over their practical application in the university course of higher mathematics. This statement was noted as the most significant by 20% of students, 27% of undergraduates and 24% of graduate students. The other two, in terms of the severity of the contradiction, have a rating of 3.55 (mastering the content of a higher mathematics course is accompanied by objective difficulty due to the high abstractness of the subject) and 3.56 (insignificant inclusion of heuristic methods in the content of the course). In the context of constantly increasing requirements for the quality of engineering education, the problem of increasing the role of mathematical knowledge can be solved through didactic support of the educational and cognitive process in the classroom and as part of students’ independent work. In a multi-component educational activity, the basic dominants (spatial, logical, numerical and symbolic) are highlighted and the methodological features of their implementation in the student’s mathematical preparation are revealed. Conclusion. The humanitarian potential of the higher mathematics course presupposes a system of measures aimed at the priority development of intellectual and general cultural qualities of students. The realization of humanitarian potential involves the formation of a student's value attitude towards himself, the world around him and his activities in it. The realization of the humanitarian potential of the discipline in the training of a future engineer is possible through the organization of symbolic activities by means of practice-oriented tasks and educational cases of an applied nature.

A wealth of IPA positions at the CHGR and interprofessional collaboration

Ten advanced practice nurses are already working at the Guillaume-Régnier hospital in Rennes. As part of an internship at this facility, students in the second year of the IPA master's degree in psychiatry and mental health at the University of Rennes were interested in the dynamics surrounding this still recent profession, the diversity of the missions performed, and inter-professional collaboration. An online survey was distributed to IPAs, and four interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals working with them.

A qualitative exploration of nursing master's research supervision in a private higher education institution

BackgroundCompleting a Master's thesis is crucial for earning a master's degree and showcasing students' academic and professional skills. However, the process is often challenging owing to its solitary nature and the complexity of its supervisory relationships. PurposeThis study aimed to explore the experience of Nursing Master's Research Supervision and its impact on their thesis journey. DesignExploratory descriptive qualitative research design. Setting and participantsThe study was conducted at a private nursing institute in Islamabad, Pakistan, from January 2022 to May 2022. The study included 12 students enrolled in the Masters of Science in Nursing program. MethodsFocus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted online, using a semi-structured guide. Students were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were analysed using manual content analysis through a collaborative approach. Rigor was ensured using Lincoln and Guba's trustworthiness criteria. SRQR reporting guidelines were used. ResultsThe study explored graduate students' thesis supervision experiences and discovered six influential categories: “Expectations from Supervisor”, encompassing preceding knowledge and teaching perceptions; “Supervisor Accessibility”, involving physical access and cooperation; “Adverse Supervision Experience”, detailing challenging interactions; “Supervision Meeting Management”, addressing problem-solving and scheduling; “Assistance and Support”, covering collaboration, software, and resources; and “Suggestions”, offering guidance on thesis write-up and research committee roles. ConclusionThe study elucidated students' expectations about supervisor expertise, access difficulties, negative experiences, and the need for clear guidelines. Improved communication, defined roles, and increased support for thesis writing and assessment are crucial for satisfactory supervision. Further investigation of supervisors' viewpoints is advised.

The Art of Nursing.

Description I love the statement, "Nursing is an art and a science." I practiced at the bedside for 30 years, caring for my patients physically and mentally through all of life's stages. Quilting became my go-to activity when the work became too stressful and I needed to decompress. When I became a nurse educator, I made this quilted wall hanging for my office to remind me of those years and the reasons I became a nurse. The nurse applique was made from one of my scrub tops and replicates my work uniform, down to the ponytail I wore when I was younger, and my maroon stethoscope. It also includes nursing fabric that I have collected over the years, a bandana from the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses' National Teaching Institute and a t-shirt I received as a gift when I was getting my Master's degree in nursing education. When I look at the quilt, I remember all the hard work of nursing school, the uncertainty during my first year as a nurse, and the changes in myself as I grew from novice to expert. I think of the patients we lost, the ones we saved, the family members that I laughed with, and those that I cried with. Nursing really chose me, not the other way around, and I am proud to say that I answered that call.

STRES KERJA DAN MOTIVASI KERJA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI DI KOTA MAKASSAR

This study aims to determine the effect of work stress, work motivation, and the effect of both simultaneously on the performance of Bank Syariah Mandiri employees in Makassar City. This research was conducted at the Bank Syariah Mandiri Office in Makassar City with a research unit of permanent employees aged 20-40 years with a minimum work period of 1 year and a high school educational background and a maximum of Master degree (S2). The total population is 409 employees spread across 8 branch offices and sub-branches. The method chosen to determine the sample is purposive sampling and proportional sampling method and the results obtained are 202 samples. Furthermore, data collection was carried out using questionnaire, observation, and interview methods. The research hypothesis was tested through multiple regression analysis using the SPSS program. The research shows that work stress and work motivation have a significant influence on the performance of Bank Syariah Mandiri employees in Makassar City. Unmanaged work stress can reduce productivity, loyalty, and increase employee turnover, while good work motivation tends to improve performance.

INFLUENCE OF TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF LEARNERS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT (VI) IN INTEGRATED PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA

The purpose of this study was to influence teachers’ professional qualifications on the academic performance of learners with visual impairment (VI) in integrated public primary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. The research assumed an expressive survey design exploiting quantitative techniques. The targeted audience was 206 respondents, whereas the sample population would be 68 respondents comprising four head teachers, 31 teachers and 33 learners with VI. The research was conducted in integrated community primary schools in Nairobi municipality. Purposive sampling was employed to select 31 teachers from the four integrated public primary schools. For the learners with VI, convenience sampling was used to select 33 out of 98 available learners across the four schools. All 4 head teachers from the selected schools were included in the study using purposive sampling. Piloting allowed the researcher to test the clarity, relevance, and comprehensiveness of the questions and items included in the questionnaires and observation checklists. The research employed both qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. Quantitative data was analyzed and coded using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS V 23.0). The findings showed that at least half of teachers had received training on special education; only about a third lacked formal training and had no training on special education. Most of them, followed by teachers with bachelor's degrees, Diploma education had certificate P1, master's degree, and diploma PGDE, while only a tiny fraction had PhD qualifications. The study concluded that professional qualification significantly influenced the academic performance of learners with VI, braille proficiency of teachers significantly influences the academic performance of learners with VI, and ICT integration has improved the quality of assessment in school, thus advancing the academic performance of learners with VI. The study recommended that the government needs to put down measures to ensure adequate assessment instruments for the learner and offer the necessary training to teachers on adequately using the instruments. Policymakers and education stakeholders should formulate policies ensuring that most teachers receive special education when dealing with learners with VI and other disabilities.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/soc/0736/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Present and Future Actions of CETYS University to Mitigate Climate Action

The strategic location of CETYS University, in Baja California state in the northwest of Mexico, gives it exceptional conditions for the use of renewable energies. With an installed photovoltaic solar energy capacity of 1.37 MW, it is the academic institution with the greatest generation potential in Latin America. The importance that CETYS University gives to the subject has stimulated the institution since 2015 to offer a degree and master's degree in renewable energy to have greater and better collaboration with solar and wind energy technology companies located in the state. With a vision of the future, in 2023 the CETYS Institute for Sustainability Studies (ISS) was created to promote and coordinate, among other actions, those related to energy and climate change. With a planning horizon until 2036, the ISS, looking forward, has proposed the following actions: a) an internal audit to increase the energy efficiency of their buildings and classrooms; b) support for research projects to build on-campus operational small-scale wind energy systems; c) the deployment of the 300 x 500 program, which seeks to plant at least 300 native trees in the region with low water consumption each year, to offset the atmospheric emissions of 500 vehicles; d) a policy to achieve 80% carbon neutrality, and e) the incorporation of CETYS to the network of Mexican universities for climate action. Among many others, these actions position CETYS as a leading institution in sustainable development at the regional level.

Research on the Linkage between the Professional Degree of Master of Intellectual Property and Professional Qualifications

With the vigorous development of the intellectual property (IP) industry, the national IP talent pool has exceeded 700,000 individuals, posing higher demands on the cultivation of specialized talents. In 2022, the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and the Ministry of Education introduced a new professional degree category for IP, but in its initial stages, it confronted challenges such as imbalanced curriculum systems, inadequate teaching resources, and restricted enrollment in professional qualifications. Simultaneously, the connections between the IP professional degree and national unified legal professional qualifications, patent attorney qualifications, IP professionals, and other professional certifications point to a high degree of consistency and mutual relevance in talent cultivation objectives. The professional degree education must reference the content of professional qualification certifications to ensure that talents meet industry demands. Additionally, the professional degree education exerts a positive influence on the professional entry qualification certification, elevating the overall standards within the professional field.

THE TEACHING METHODOLOGIES ON MASTER’S COURSES UNDERTAKEN BY TJPE EMPLOYEES

The education scenario has undergone major transformations in recent decades. This article addresses the master's courses taken by public servants of the Court of Justice of the State of Pernambuco (TJPE) and their status as a requirement for functional progression. It aims to draw attention to an investigation into the teaching-learning methodologies proposed by higher education institutions in the context of these master's degrees. The study gives a brief historical description of stricto sensu postgraduate studies in Brazil; the master's degree in the TJPE environment; and describes the teaching-learning methodologies proposed in this context. Among the results is to have identified a greater frequency of the use of traditional methodologies, although there are institutions that seek to include the use of active methodologies in the course programs, with planning in this sense, with objectives to achieve professional master's degrees that are increasingly significant and closer to the environment of organizations and their needs.