Master Plan Study Research Articles

Developing Ecotourism Community Based Approach: A Sustainable Tourism Development Project o n Tanjung Surat Island

The Tanjung Surat Island Ecotourism Development Master Plan study was commissioned to support the Johor Southeast Development Authority (KEJORA) in creating a high-impact strategy to develop Tanjung Surat Island into a premier ecotourism destination for both local and international tourists. This study addresses the prevalent community misunderstanding regarding ecotourism development. The main objective of this study is to identify strategic planning through community engagement initiatives spearheaded by KEJORA on Tanjung Surat Island. Quantitative methods, including the distribution of questionnaires to 118 respondents, were employed to meet this objective. In addition to the questionnaires, the study incorporated several other data collection methods to ensure a thorough understanding of the community's perspective. These included structured interviews with key stakeholders, focus group discussions with community leaders, and participatory observation to gather qualitative insights that complemented the quantitative data. The study's findings will provide a comprehensive guide and reference for planning across economic, social, and environmental dimensions, aiding in the development of Tanjung Surat Island's ecotourism sector. This guide will benefit KEJORA and other stakeholders, including the private sector, interested in supporting and shaping the island's ecotourism future. Additionally, the study highlights the critical need for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) to enhance the quality of existing services, ensuring they meet current and future demands and standards.

Master Plan Study of Mount Sanggabuana Area

The development of ecotourism in Indonesia has good prospects because it is supported by the potential of biodiversity including cultural diversity, which is the basic capital for the development of ecotourism. Ecotourism is a tourism sector that has the potential as one of the supports for the national economy, from ecotourism can also be utilized by local governments to increase their own local revenue, with the existence of this sector in addition to being able to absorb workers can also be a good source of foreign exchange earnings, and also able to encourage development in investment. In developing ecotourism optimally in the region, it is very necessary to plan, utilize, control, strengthen institutions and empower communities by taking into account economic, social, ecological principles and involving stakeholders in terms of managing ecotourism potential. The Sanggabuana Mountain Area Master Plan is a form of effort to preserve and protect the biodiversity of the Sanggabuana Mountains and efforts to change the status of the Sanggabuana Mountains area to a National Park which is expected to maintain the biodiversity in the Sanggabuana mountains and get proper protection and preservation efforts.

How do adverse weather conditions affect demands on urban transport systems?

Mode choice research in urban transportation constitutes a very important part of transportation planning in terms of studies such as decision-making on public transportation policies, mode-shifting and traffic calming practices, etc. Mode choice researches, which are usually made for an ordinary day within the scope of transportation masterplan studies, are also carried out for some special cases such as public holidays, adverse weather conditions, and the day of sports competitions, in order to shed light on the decisions that policy-makers and local governments will take in different scenarios. In this study, the changes in the daily user counters of the public transportation systems in Izmir, Turkey, according to the weather conditions were examined. The mode shifts and changes in demands were evaluated according to the adverse weather conditions, and the measures to be taken are discussed.

Peran Digitalisasi Pelaku Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) dalam Mendukung Ketahanan Ekonomi di Masa Pandemi COVID-19 : Studi Kasus Pada Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL) di Lima Wilayah DKI Jakarta

This study aims to analyze the role of digitalization in MSMEs, namely Street Vendors (PKL) in order to have economic resilience that has an impact on national security. The approach taken is a quantitative method using primary data from a sample of 1409 street vendors in the 2021 DKI Jakarta PKL masterplan study spread across five areas of DKI Jakarta. The survey results show that street vendors, especially in the DKI Jakarta area, are still not optimally utilizing the marketplace in the form of digitizing online marketing. Further steps are needed regarding this problem for street vendors that involve all stakeholders, not from the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government but also from other banking and private parties in realizing the role of digitizing street vendors which has an impact on national resilience in the economic sector.

Analysis of airport ground access services by SP/RP model within the scope of Hasan Polatkan Airport master plan

Purpose - The airport master plan should include requirements and recommendations, demand forecasts, environmental analysis, layout plan, facility requirements, financial size, and location selection information. The biggest factor in choosing air transportation by passengers is that it is a fast and comfortable mode of transportation. Since the transportation time and ease of the airport is also a factor affecting this factor, its integration with airport access roads, intercity connecting roads and other modes of transportation is important for the passengers to choose air transportation. Therefore, the importance of airport access roads in master plan studies can be understood more clearly. Aim of the study is that analyzing to airport ground access services of Hasan Polatkan Airport within the scope of master plan. Methodology - In the first part of the research, the airport planning steps are examined in the literature. Airport ground access services data was collected with the secondary data. Revealed preferences surveys (RP) and stated preferences surveys (SP) were used to get he data of the passengers’ satisfaction. A statistical program used to analysis of survey. Total of 91 passengers were reached in 3 different flights in 2018 in the summer. The scale of the research was adapted from the Passenger Time Value, Benefit-Cost Analysis and Airport Capital Investment Decisions book Findings- Only 15.4 percent of the passengers use public transportation to access the airport. Conducted with the passengers at the Eskisehir Hasan Polatkan Airport Terminal Section, the passengers were generally satisfied with the transportation conditions to the airport. The primary mode of transportation preferred for RP in access to the airport is light rail systems. Conclusion- Survey form to evaluate the airport transportation services in terms of passengers was prepared and applied on outgoing incoming passengers. As a consequence of the analysis of the research, suggestions about Hasan Polatkan airport were completed.

ANALYSIS OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE FIELD OF STANDARDIZATION IN UKRAINE

Standardization is recognized by UNECE as an important factor of accelerating the economic growth, and education in that field is the drive of sustainable development. Therefore, they drafted the “Model program for education in the field of standardization”. The European organizations for standardization CEN, CENELEC and ETSI developed a policy, master plan and typical study programs for education in that field. The international standardization organization ISO supported their implementation, suggesting the cooperation plan between the national standardization authorities and universities. It also developed two standards containing competencies, which specialists for standardization must have in companies and standardization authorities.Given the European orientation of Ukraine’s development, there was a need to analyze the domestic education system in the field of standardization and identify provisions that require modernization. This analysis showed that the existing approach to the study of standardization in higher education institutions is a legacy of its understanding as a formal, state-regulated process.The considered standards of higher education in the specialty 152, to which standardization belongs, do not mean enough competencies and program results of learning that are necessary for metrologists in accordance with the qualification characteristics of professions. Educational programs offered by domestic universities do not allow forming a complete set of knowledge, abilities and skills specified in the reference book of qualification characteristics of professions in the field of standardization. In addition, the requirements of this guide for standardization specialists do not correspond to the competencies that the modern market puts forward and are reflected in international ISO standards. The basis for their formation should be international curriculum models, which, in turn, requires the implementation in Ukraine of ISO, CEN, CENELEC, ETSI, and UNECE recommendations. The international community noted that standardization knowledge is an advantage for graduates of both engineering and non-technical fields. In accordance with UNECE recommendations, issues related to standardization should be included in the undergraduate and graduate curriculum. Also, according to these recommendations, competencies and program results of learning are proposed, which can be the basis for changing the relevant standards of higher education and educational programs.

The Implementation of Residential Projects on Sulaimani Master Plan

Urban planning is a science that is reflected in the methods of land uses especially housing use, which is one of the most important sector in the city. It is considered the most important human requirement after food and wearer. The master plan is considered as one of the most important urban frame. It contains all the structural plans to control the urban expansion of all service sectors for the land uses in the city. It is planned for present and future status for the cites. The city master plan guarantees the equal distribution of urban land expansion from all sides. It secures the provision and implementation of housing projects to all residents in the city, Because of the economic growth that the city of Sulaimani witnessed after 2003. The city was suffering from a lack of attention to the issue of preparing a master plan. It did not have a master plan except for old studies that were carried out by the federal government. The master plan studies began from 2006 to 2009, then in 2009 it was recognized. Therefore, this subject is very substantial and the problem is that the implementation and site projection of housing was done in unappropriate manner with the stages of the master plan and the absence of evidence to invest in a housing sector. The purpose of this study is to identify a clear vision of housing investment projects, and shed the light on the necessary policies to be considered. Geography information system has been used to indicate the locations of housing projects in the city of Sulaimani. There is conformity with allocated lands for housing in the master plan. Then questions were addressed to specialists and agencies who had worked in housing projects such as the Directorate of Housing, Directorate of Investment, and the municipality. The questionnaire was proven after seeking the assistance of 9 experts to know the extent of the credibility of the questions that were laid down. The research found there are non-planning factors that affect the implementation of housing projects. Absence of laws and administrative errors in the implementation of housing projects playing the main role of having no clear housing implementation vision.

Identification of Tourist Attractions in Timpag Village

The development of tourist attraction is an alternative way to improve the income of the people who live in and surround a village. The development of tourist attraction in a village should be in harmony with its environment in order to have a positive impact. Timpag village is one of the villages in Tabanan district, Bali which is trying to become a tourist village. At present, the development of tourist attractions in the Timpag village is occur sporadically and has not been based on the potential of the village. There is no master plan or initial study related to the tourism potential of the Timpag village. Identification of attractions and tourist activities in this village is needed in each tourist attraction to facilitate planning and development of sustainable tourist attractions. The method to obtain data is deep interview with government staff and tourist attraction owner is used to get data, swot analysis is then used to process the data obtained. Timpag village has 3 tourist attraction that is being developed sporadically, namely Uma Urip, D’Bendungan View and Batur Holly Spring at Sambian Undagi Farm. Based on these results, the recommendations of the types of tourism developed are given to each tourist attraction, namely Uma Urip has the potential to be developed as natural tourism, D’Bendungan View could be promoting as recreational tourism, and Batur Holly Spring can be developed as cultural tourism.

РАЗВИТИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В СФЕРЕ СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ

Introduction. In connection with the recog-nized social and economic influence of standardization, expansion of global trade, regional integration, introduc-tion of information and communication technologies, standards become more and more important for gradu-ates of the technical universities, as well as for specialists from the area of management, economics, social sciences, international relations, entrepreneurship and innovation management. Purpose – to analyze development of the system of education in the field of standardization in the European Union in order to identify the areas of its modernization in Ukraine. Results. Previously education in the field of standardi-zation was understood as learning technical standards, the process of their development and influence, and was organized as short-term course of further education for engineers, specialized course for companies and general course for future engineers. Standardization is not yet a clearly defined well-established discipline in the context of theory or academics. There were many different ap-proaches and characteristics suggested by researchers in various disciplines, experts and practitioners from various countries and organizations. Later CEN, CENELEC and ETSI, having assessed the need of the European commu-nity, developed a policy, a master plan and standard study programs for education in the field of standardiza-tion. UNECE, having constant the importance of studying standardization, has developed a recommendation, in which it called the governments to include it in the pro-grams of educational institutions, as well as suggested its model program. To support these ideas ISO recommended the national standardization bodies to cooperate with higher education institutions, offering the forms and gen-eral action plan. The result was recognition of the fact that the development of competencies standardization of rele-vant specialists was one of the key interests of national standardization bodies and educational institutions. Therefore, ISO published two international standards “Competence of specialists in the field of standardization”. All these documents comprise the normative and organi-zation basis of education in the field of standardization. Originality. The conducted analysis allowed identify-ing that knowledge of standardization is a competitive advantage for graduates of engineering and non-technical study areas; standardization as a discipline must be included in their study plan at the level of bachelor’s and master’s degrees; to develop the general system of educa-tion in the field of standardization, coordinated coopera-tion of all interested parties is needed; the basis for for-mation of competencies necessary for a specialist in the field of standardization at enterprises and in standardiza-tion bodies must be international models of educational programs. Conclusion. Taking into account the European direc-tion of the development, introduction of the considered international recommendations is also needed in Ukraine. To do this, it is necessary to further analyze the system of education in the field of standardization in Ukraine, to highlight provisions requiring modernization, as well as to compose a concept for its development.

The evolution of George Town's urban morphology in the Straits of Malacca, late 18th century-early 21st century

George Town is a significant World Heritage Site in the Straits of Malacca. This paper examined the evolution of urban morphology in George Town within geography, politics, economy, and culture in a horizontal dimension and layer upon layer in a vertical dimension. In this study, to ensure the objectives are achieved, qualitative methods will be applied including several approaches such as literature review, interpretation of archives chronologically, maps study, census returns, trade directories, photographs and postcards, and urban master plan study. The research is based on the analysis of urban construction, land use, economic development, and municipal policies. First, study the urban morphology in a specific period, and construct the inner layer structure in each period. Second, an analogy is drawn among the evolution of the urban morphology by time-scale, this section focusses on the historical conjunctures and events related to the urban construction. An important contribution can be made to the conservation and management of urban built heritage in George Town, on the one hand, explaining the evolution of urban morphology by examining George Town's physical and spatial environment, and in turn, on the other hand, understanding about the physical and spatial environment by examining the urban morphology.

An Interdisciplinary Project: Controlled Urban Growth and Tourism Development Master Plan Study for Ajloun, Ain Janna and Anjara, Amman, Jordan

Bu yazi, 2003-2005 tarihleri arasinda farkli meslek disiplinleri tarafindan (Koruma Uzmani, Sehir ve Bolge Planlama, Restorator Mimar, Peyzaj Mimari, Turizm, Altyapi ve Tarim Uzmanlari, Ekonomist vd.) hazirlanan Dunya Bankasi Projesi “Controlled Urban Growth and Tourism Development Master Plan Study For Ajloun Tourism Development Area” planlama ve projelendirme calismalarini, strateji ve yaklasimlarini ozetlemektedir. Urdun’de, Baskent Amman’in 73 km kuzeyinde yer alan Ajloun Kalesi ve cevresindeki uc yerlesim (Ajloun, Ain-Jenna, Anjara) “Turizm Alani” ilan edilmistir. Bu alanlar bu proje kapsaminda Dunya Bankasi kredisi ile “Dogal ve Kulturel Cevre Koruma Amacli” olarak planlanmistir. Planlanan yerlesim alanlari Urdun’un en geri kalmis kesimlerinden biridir. Planlama calismasinin temel bilesenleri, “Kontrollu Kentsel Gelisim” ve “Turizm Ana Plani” olarak belirlenmistir. Senaryolar gelistirilerek, “Surdurulebilir Turizm” ile “Koruma” dengesinin kurulmasi ve oncelikle yerlesmelerin altyapilarinin iyilestirilmesine, yayalastirma, cesitli dogal ve tarihsel degerlerin onarim projelerine agirlik verilmesi ongorulmustur.

Distributed evolutionary algorithm for co-optimization of building and district systems for early community energy masterplanning

Buildings play a significant role in climate change mitigation. In North America, energy used to construct and operate buildings accounts for some 40% of total energy use, largely originating from fossil fuels. The strategic reduction of these energy demands requires knowledge of potential upgrades prior to a building's construction. Furthermore, renewable energy generation integrated into buildings façades and district systems can improve the resiliency of community infrastructure. However, loads that are non-coincidental with on-site generation can cause load balancing issues. This imbalance is typically due to solar resources peaking at noon, whereas building loads typically peak in the morning and late afternoon or evenings. Ideally, the combination of on-site generation and localized storage could remedy such load balancing issues while reducing the need for fossil fuels. In response to these issues, this paper contributes a methodology that co-optimizes building designs and district technologies as an integrated community energy system. A distributed evolutionary algorithm is proposed that can navigate over 10154 potential community permutations. This is the first time in literature that a methodology demonstrates the co-optimization of buildings and district energy systems to reduce energy use in buildings and balance loads at this scale. The proposed solution is reproducible and scalable for future community masterplanning studies.

Planning our way ahead: A review of Thailand's transport master plan for urban areas

Abstract The tradition of transport planning in Thailand began as recently as 1960 with the Greater Bangkok Plan, and the 1971 Bangkok Transportation Study. Since then the country has incrementally developed its transport planning practice. This paper provides a detailed description of Thailand's transport master plan for urban areas and its study process. It introduces the Office of Traffic and Transport Policy and Planning, which is responsible for formulating the plan. It describes the master plan study process of the regional cities, and provides three case studies in Si Sa Ket, Chiang Mai, and Lampang to illustrate the process in practice. The transport plan of Bangkok, the capital city, is described separately, as it focuses more on the planning of a mass-transit system. The study reveals a number of lessons learned.

Uremic Solutes in Chronic Kidney Disease and Their Role in Progression.

BackgroundTo date, over 150 possible uremic solutes have been listed, but their role in the progression of CKD is largely unknown. Here, the association between a selected panel of uremic solutes and progression in CKD patients was investigated.MethodsPatients from the MASTERPLAN study, a randomized controlled trial in CKD patients with a creatinine clearance between 20 and 70 ml/min per 1.73m2, were selected based on their rate of eGFR decline during the first five years of follow-up. They were categorized as rapid (decline >5 ml/min per year) or slow progressors. Concentrations of eleven uremic solutes were obtained at baseline and after one year of follow-up. Logistic regression was used to compare the odds for rapid to slow progression by uremic solute concentrations at baseline. Variability in uremic solute levels was assessed using scatter plots, and limits of variability were calculated.ResultsIn total, 40 rapidly and 40 slowly progressing patients were included. Uremic solutes were elevated in all patients compared to reference values for healthy persons. The serum levels of uremic solutes were not associated with rapid progression. Moreover, we observed substantial variability in solute levels over time.ConclusionsElevated concentrations of uremic solutes measured in this study did not explain differences in rate of eGFR decline in CKD patients, possibly due to lack of power as a result of the small sample size, substantial between patient variability, and variability in solute concentrations over time. The etiology of intra-individual variation in uremic solute levels remains to be elucidated.

Abdominal aortic calcification in patients with CKD

BackgroundAbdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is independently associated with cardiovascular events in dialysis patients and in the general population. However, data in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are limited. We analyzed determinants and prognostic value of AAC in non-dialysis CKD patients.MethodsWe included patients with CKD not receiving renal replacement therapy from the MASTERPLAN study, a randomized controlled trial that started in 2004. In the period 2008–2009, an X-ray to evaluate AAC was performed in a subgroup of patients. We studied AAC using a semi-quantitative scoring system by lateral lumbar X-ray. We used baseline and 2-year data to find determinants of AAC. We used a composite cardiovascular endpoint and propensity score matching to evaluate the prognostic value of AAC.ResultsIn 280 patients an X-ray was performed. In 79 patients (28 %) the X-ray showed no calcification, in 62 patients (22 %) calcification was minor (<4), while 139 patients (50 %) had moderate or heavy calcification (≥4). Older age, prior cardiovascular disease, higher triglyceride levels, and higher phosphate levels were independent determinants of a calcification score ≥4. AAC score ≥4 was independently associated with cardiovascular events, with a hazard ratio of 5.5 (95 % confidence interval 1.2–24.8).ConclusionsAssessment of AAC can identify CKD patients at higher cardiovascular risk, and may provide important information for personalized treatment. Whether this approach will ultimately translate into better outcomes remains to be answered.

EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS IN MASTERPLAN.

Preserving kidney function and prevention of cardiovascular disease can only be achieved if patients are supported in self-managing their disease aimed at developing coping strategies. In MASTERPLAN, a clinical trial from 2005 -2010, patients with chronic kidney disease were randomised to receive nurse practitioner (NP) support or physician care alone. We evaluated the role of NP and patients in achieving lifestyle treatment goals. However the evaluation of lifestyle interventions resulted in disappointing findings. We conducted a mixed method study to explain the previous quantitative results in order to achieve a more complete description of the practice of reaching lifestyle goals. Ten NPs in nine participating hospitals of the MASTERPLAN study were interviewed and identified a hierarchy on what treatment goals received the most attention during MASTERPLAN, at baseline and after four years. A shift of attention in study goals occured for various reasons e.g. progression of disease, too many goals, non-motivated patients, changed relationship between NP and patient. Different strategies were used to influence lifestyle change with varying degrees of success. Lifestyle change is difficult to maintain during five years follow up. Besides a shift of attention in study goals, the relationship with the patient also changed over time.

Bioethanol Potential from Oil Palm Sap in Ghana

Ghana has a competitive geographical location for oil palm development when compared with its immediate neighbours and other global producers. In 2010, a total of 336,000 hectares of oil palm plantation was cultivated in Ghana and this is expected to increase as part of the roadmap stipulated in the introduction of ‘Master Plan Study on the Oil Palm industry in Ghana’ in July 2012. In cognizance with the improvement of oil palm development, Ghana can develop biofuel plan and its implementation through the production of ethanol from palm sap. In this study, four leading cultivators of oil palm were examined for the potential palm sap that can be derived. An estimated amount of 447.5 million litres of bioethanol can be obtained from these four producers which could be used to support E10 and E20 as stipulated in the Strategic National Energy Plan (SNEP) (2006-2020).

Urban Transportation Characteristics and Urban Mass Transit Introduction in the Cities of Developing Countries

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) has been conducting urban transportation master plan studies in more than 50 cities in developing countries, establishing a comprehensive traffic database including person trip, traffic volume, and users’ stated preference. This paper analyzes the relationship between urban socio-economic indicators and traffic patterns particularly in the cities of developing countries and identifies their urban transportation characteristics based on the above traffic database. Special attention is paid on the “two-wheeler cities” in Asia which have different trends from global tendencies. The criteria to introduce an urban mass transit system are also identified in conjunction with the level of socio-economic development of a city.

Time-averaged level of fibroblast growth factor-23 and clinical events in chronic kidney disease

A single time-point fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) level is a strong, well-established risk factor for clinical events in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study investigated whether repeated measurements of FGF23 after 2 years, allowing the calculation of time-averaged FGF23 and the rate of change in FGF23, provided a better prediction of clinical events in CKD than a single time-point value. A post-hoc analysis was performed in a subset of 439 adult patients with a median estimated glomerular filtration rate of 36 (interquartile range 28-48) mL/min per 1.73 m(2) of the prospective multicentre MASTERPLAN study, in which paired samples to measure FGF23 were available. The primary outcome was defined as a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular mortality and secondary end points, which were overall mortality, congestive heart failure (CHF) and start of renal replacement therapy. Only events occurring after Month 24 were included in the analysis. Analysis of different FGF23 measures showed that a single time-point value and time-averaged FGF23 were positively associated with the primary end point, and also with overall mortality, start of renal replacement therapy and CHF. The adjusted hazard ratios of a single value of FGF23 and of time-averaged FGF23 for the composite end points were 1.71 (CI 1.20-2.43) and 1.91 (CI 1.29-2.82), respectively. Change in FGF23 was not associated with any outcome except for the initiation of renal replacement therapy. Our study confirms that FGF23 is an important cardiovascular risk factor. Two measurements of FGF23 have no added value over a single value to predict the cardiovascular outcome. This study demonstrates that, under routine clinical practice, the variability of FGF23 in 2 years' time is small. Concomitantly, this study showed no benefit of consecutive FGF23 testing for estimating the risk of a clinical event in an individual patient.

Nurse Practitioner Care Improves Renal Outcome in Patients with CKD

Treatment goals for patients with CKD are often unrealized for many reasons, but support by nurse practitioners may improve risk factor levels in these patients. Here, we analyzed renal endpoints of the Multifactorial Approach and Superior Treatment Efficacy in Renal Patients with the Aid of Nurse Practitioners (MASTERPLAN) study after extended follow-up to determine whether strict implementation of current CKD guidelines through the aid of nurse practitioners improves renal outcome. In total, 788 patients with moderate to severe CKD were randomized to receive nurse practitioner support added to physician care (intervention group) or physician care alone (control group). Median follow-up was 5.7 years. Renal outcome was a secondary endpoint of the MASTERPLAN study. We used a composite renal endpoint of death, ESRD, and 50% increase in serum creatinine. Event rates were compared with adjustment for baseline serum creatinine concentration and changes in estimated GFR were determined. During the randomized phase, there were small but significant differences between the groups in BP, proteinuria, LDL cholesterol, and use of aspirin, statins, active vitamin D, and antihypertensive medications, in favor of the intervention group. The intervention reduced the incidence of the composite renal endpoint by 20% (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.66 to 0.98; P=0.03). In the intervention group, the decrease in estimated GFR was 0.45 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) per year less than in the control group (P=0.01). In conclusion, additional support by nurse practitioners attenuated the decline of kidney function and improved renal outcome in patients with CKD.