Mastalgia In Women Research Articles

FREQUENCY OF DIFFERENT CAUSES OF MASTALGIA WITHOUT NIPPLE DISCHARGE AMONG WOMEN PRESENTING AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Mastalgia, or breast pain, is a common complaint among women, often impacting quality of life and requiring clinical attention. Understanding the underlying causes of mastalgia is essential to guide management and improve patient outcomes. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and associated causes of mastalgia in women presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Surgery, Civil Hospital, Karachi, from March 1, 2023, to August 30, 2023, after obtaining ethical approval from the institutional review board. A total of 176 female patients aged 18–49 years with complaints of mastalgia were included in the study through non-probability consecutive sampling. Both married and unmarried women were enrolled, and data were collected on demographic variables, lifestyle factors, and psychological factors. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate associations between causes and mastalgia severity. Results:The most common causes of mastalgia identified were caffeine consumption (56%), depression (57%), and smoking (49%). Significant associations were found between mastalgia severity and both smoking (p=0.002) and caffeine consumption (p=0.003). Smokers and caffeine consumers reported higher levels of pain severity. Conclusion: Mastalgia is frequently associated with modifiable lifestyle factors such as smoking and caffeine intake, as well as psychological factors like depression. Addressing these factors may help manage and reduce the severity of mastalgia in affected patients.

Etiology, Presentation, and Management of Mastalgia in Women: A Comprehensive Study

Etiology, Presentation, and Management of Mastalgia in Women: A Comprehensive Study

Prospective clinical study to evaluate role of centchroman in regression of mastalgia in rural population

Background: Mastalgia in the reproductive age group is common among women. Treatment is not yet standardized for these conditions. The majority of treatments used for mastalgia is costly and have side effects. The aim of our study was to find the efficacy of centchroman for regression of mastalgia in a predominantly rural population, measured by the visual analog scale (VAS).Materials and Methods: A total of 140 patients were randomized into two groups: Group 1 (n = 70) patients treated with centchroman and Group 2 (n = 70) patients treated with placebo for 12 weeks. The main outcomes are evaluated after one week to look for any intolerance, followed by repeated follow-ups at four, twelve, and twenty-four weeks to evaluate the treatment response using the VAS score and the side effects.Results: The mean age of patients in Group 1 was 29.63 ± 9.67 years and 32.32 ± 9.74 years in Group 2. The baseline mean VAS score was 6.40 ± 1.65 and 5.83 ± 1.69, respectively. After 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks of follow-up, the mean VAS score was significantly decreased in patients treated with centchroman. On intragroup comparison, the mean VAS score was significantly decreased at baseline to 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks of follow-ups. In both the groups, gastritis and headache were comparable, and delayed menstruation was significantly more in patients treated with centchroman.Conclusion: Centchroman has substantial efficacy, with a marginal effect on regression, of mastalgia in women of the reproductive age group, and it can be used as the first line of treatment.

Mastalgia in infertility: search for additional possibilities of therapy

Aim. To assess the efficacy and safety of using the homeopathic drug Mastopol for the relief of mastalgia in women with infertility, including those associated with endometriosis, as well as to study the drug tolerability and adherence to the treatment, as well as to determine its antiproliferative and analgesic effects in patients of the study cohort. Study design: open-label, randomized, non-comparative, observational study.
 Material and methods. 79 infertile women with mastalgia (67 with cyclic mastalgia and 12 with acyclic mastalgia) were examined and treated with Mastopol. Mastopol was prescribed 1 tablet 3 times a day sublingually. The course of treatment was 8 weeks. The efficacy of mastalgia relief was assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Treatment outcomes were considered good if pain severity by the VAS decreased by 4 or more points from the baseline levels at the end of Mastopol treatment course.
 Results. One Mastopol treatment course provided good treatment outcomes in 76,2% of patients with cyclic mastalgia and in 33,3% of patients with acyclic mastalgia. There were no adverse reactions or complications in patients treated with Mastopol.
 Conclusions. Mastopol has established itself as a quite effective and safe drug in patients of the study cohort; if there is an insufficient effect, Mastopol can supplement traditional pharmacological agents recorded in the current clinical guidelines.

Relationship Between Physical Activity and Cyclic Mastalgia in Iranian Women

Background: Mastalgia is the most common breast problem. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the relationship between physical activity and cyclic mastalgia in women. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 322 healthy women 45 - 18 years old referred to health centers of Tabriz, Iran through purposeful sampling. Questionnaires including socio-demographic characteristics, nominal day breast pain (NDBP) and International Physical Activity questionnaire (IPAQ) were applied to collect the data. Analysis of covariance test was used to determine the impact of the independent variables (physical activity and socio-demographic characteristics) on the dependent variable (severity and duration of breast pain). Results: According to the Pearson correlation test, a statistically significant association was observed between mastalgia severity and length of physical activity (P < 0.001). Based on analysis of covariance test, physical activity was a predictor of severity and duration of mastalgia. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, physical activity is an effective factor on cyclic mastalgia. Therefore, a regular exercise program should be included in the treatment protocol of women with cyclic mastalgia.

To image or not in noncyclic breast pain? A systematic review.

Investigation of noncyclic mastalgia in women without signs or risk factors for cancer is controversial. An initial imaging strategy can diagnose breast cancer early, potentially leading to better treatment and survival. However, cancer diagnosis is very uncommon in these cases, and this approach can be harmful, as false positives or suspicion results will lead to unneeded interventions and follow-up. The purpose of this review is to analyse the trade-offs between desirable and undesirable consequences of initial imaging tests against clinical follow-up. We found seven relevant studies, all observational, with some methodological limitations and very low-quality evidence. They showed low breast cancer prevalence (around 1-2%, increasing with age), high sensitivity to rule out disease but moderate specificity to rule it in using mammography and echography, and lacked evidence on follow-up and final outcomes. There is a low prevalence of breast cancer in patients with painful breast with negative physical examination, and very little research to inform about the effect of performing or avoiding initial imaging test on outcomes of interest. With such limited evidence, only a weak recommendation to reinforce shared decision making about what should be done in the primary care setting can be made, with the backup of a specialized breast unit.

Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in cyclic mastalgia: an outpatient department based study

Background: Mastalgia is one of the most common presenting symptoms of benign breast diseases, which may be cyclical or continuous. Mastalgia is the commonest breast symptom presenting in surgical clinics. FNAC has been employed in diagnosis of benign breast disease (BBD) doubts still exist upon its accuracy and reliability. However its accuracy has been compared to clinical examination and mammography in diagnosing BBD. To study cytomorphological findings in women aged 15-35 years suffering from cyclic mastalgia presenting to our OPD is the main objective of the present study. Methods: Women 94 in number age between 15 years-35 years of attending the outpatient department with complain of pain in breast were initially included in the study. Out of this 72 cases were deemed fit for study as they fulfilled the criteria mentioned in material and method. Results: We found that fibroadenosis alone constitutes 58.3% of all cases of cyclical mastalgia and is the most common cause of cyclical mastalgia in women presenting to OPD. Conclusions: Fibroadenosis is most common cause of cyclical mastalgia in women aged 15-35 years which is due to Hormonal disturbances unlike non-cyclical mastalgia.