Massive Interference Research Articles

Aerodynamic Investigation of Propulsion Integration for a Low Noise Hybrid Wing-Body with Podded UHBR Turbofan Engines

The presented work examines the aerodynamic challenges of podded ultra high-bypass engines installed on a short/mid range low noise hybrid wing body configuration. After assessing the initial engine integration design, sensitivity studies regarding the impact of the freestream Mach number, engine position, and the engine incidence angle on the interference drag are discussed. Then, shape modifications of the nacelle and the center-body based on 2D RANS optimizations are presented. The results indicate that in order to reduce the initially massive interference drag, the overall aircraft design either has to allow for a modified engine position or for reshaping of the center-body’s upper surface. With the latter, an overall drag reduction of –44 % was achieved.

Ultra-selective uranium separation by in-situ formation of π-f conjugated 2D uranium-organic framework

With the rapid development of nuclear energy, problems with uranium supply chain and nuclear waste accumulation have motivated researchers to improve uranium separation methods. Here we show a paradigm for such goal based on the in-situ formation of π-f conjugated two-dimensional uranium-organic framework. After screening five π-conjugated organic ligands, we find that 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol would be the best one to construct uranium-organic framework, thus resulting in 100% uranium removal from both high and low concentration with the residual concentration far below the WHO drinking water standard (15 ppb), and 97% uranium capture from natural seawater (3.3 ppb) with a record uptake efficiency of 0.64 mg·g−1·d−1. We also find that 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol can overcome the ion-interference issue such as the presence of massive interference ions or a 21-ions mixed solution. Our finds confirm the superiority of our separation approach over established ones, and will provide a fundamental molecule design for separation upon metal-organic framework chemistry.

Periodic orbit theory of Bethe-integrable quantum systems: an N-particle Berry–Tabor trace formula

One of the fundamental results of semiclassical theory is the existence of trace formulae showing how spectra of quantum mechanical systems emerge from massive interference among amplitudes related with time-periodic structures of the corresponding classical limit. If it displays the properties of Hamiltonian integrability, this connection is given by the celebrated Berry–Tabor trace formula, and the periodic structures it is built on are tori supporting closed trajectories in phase space. Here we show how to extend this connection into the domain of quantum many-body systems displaying integrability in the sense of the Bethe ansatz, where a classical limit cannot be rigorously defined due to the presence of singular potentials. Formally following the original derivation of Berry and Tabor (1976 Proc. R. Soc. A 349 101), but applied to the Bethe equations without underlying classical structure, we obtain a many-particle trace formula for the density of states of N interacting bosons on a ring, the Lieb–Liniger model. Our semiclassical expressions are in excellent agreement with quantum mechanical results for and 4 particles. For N = 2 we relate our results to the quantization of billiards with mixed boundary conditions. Our work paves the way towards the treatment of the important class of integrable many-body systems by means of semiclassical trace formulae pioneered by Michael Berry in the single-particle context.

SDANet: Semantic-Embedded Density Adaptive Network for Moving Vehicle Detection in Satellite Videos.

In satellite videos, moving vehicles are extremely small-sized and densely clustered in vast scenes. Anchor-free detectors offer great potential by predicting the keypoints and boundaries of objects directly. However, for dense small-sized vehicles, most anchor-free detectors miss the dense objects without considering the density distribution. Furthermore, weak appearance features and massive interference in the satellite videos limit the application of anchor-free detectors. To address these problems, a novel semantic-embedded density adaptive network (SDANet) is proposed. In SDANet, the cluster-proposals, including a variable number of objects, and centers are generated parallelly through pixel-wise prediction. Then, a novel density matching algorithm is designed to obtain each object via partitioning the cluster-proposals and matching the corresponding centers hierarchically and recursively. Meanwhile, the isolated cluster-proposals and centers are suppressed. In SDANet, the road is segmented in vast scenes and its semantic features are embedded into the network by weakly supervised learning, which guides the detector to emphasize the regions of interest. By this way, SDANet reduces the false detection caused by massive interference. To alleviate the lack of appearance information on small-sized vehicles, a customized bi-directional conv-RNN module extracts the temporal information from consecutive input frames by aligning the disturbed background. The experimental results on Jilin-1 and SkySat satellite videos demonstrate the effectiveness of SDANet, especially for dense objects.

Change Detection on Remote Sensing Images Using Dual-Branch Multilevel Intertemporal Network

Change detection (CD) of remote sensing (RS) images is mushrooming up accompanied by the on-going innovation of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Yet with the high-speed technology upgrade, the obstacle that identifies unbalanced variations in foreground–background categories still lies on the table, especially in cases with limited samples and massive interference such as seasonal turnover, illumination intensity, and building reformation. Moreover, to date, neither of the off-the-shelf methods probes the feasibility of direct interaction between bitemporal images before accessing difference features. In this article, we propose a dual-branch multilevel intertemporal network (DMINet) to efficiently and effectively derive the change representations. Specifically, by unifying self-attention (SelfAtt) and cross-attention (CrossAtt) in a single module, we present an intertemporal joint-attention (JointAtt) block to steer the global feature distribution of each input, motivating information coupling between intralevel representations and meanwhile suppressing the task-irrelevant interferences. In addition, centering more on the detection of difference features, a reliable architecture is designed by spotlighting two concerns, i.e., the difference acquisition using subtraction and concatenation as well as the multilevel difference aggregation using incremental feature alignment. Based on a naive backbone without sophisticated structures, i.e., ResNet18, our model outperforms other state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods on four CD datasets, especially in cases with rarely samples. Moreover, the achievement is attained with light overheads.

Hybrid Beamforming for Multi-User Millimeter-Wave Heterogeneous Networks

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications are a critical technique with next-generation network characteristics such as ultra-dense small cells can meet the skyrocketing demand for mobile data. Hybrid precoding, which combines analog and digital processing to provide both spatial diversity gains and beamforming, is commonly studied for mmWave communications to lower the power and cost consumption of radio frequency (RF) networks. However, the combination of ultra-dense small cells and ever-increasing data traffic results in massive interference. In this paper, we propose a minimum mean square error (MMSE)-based hybrid beamforming strategy for downlink mmWave MIMO two-tier heterogeneous networks (HetNets). The analog beamforming is generalized by an orthogonal matching pursuit technique. The analog beamforming problem is formulated as a sparse signal recovery problem. An MMSE-based digital beamforming algorithm is proposed to minimize the sum MSE of the user-intended data streams so that the inter- and intra-tier interferences are mitigated iteratively. The simulation results demonstrate the advantageous performance of the proposed hybrid beamforming schemes under different cellular cooperation and data transmission scenarios when hardware constraints are taken into account.

Unlicensed Spectrum Forecasting: An Interference Umbrella Based on Channel Analysis and Machine Learning

In this work a novel framework for predicting future interference levels for IEEE 802.11 networks is developed and experimentally evaluated. At the heart of the framework lies a modelling mechanism which is able to estimate and determine in real-time, the over-the-air performance that each network user will receive over an IEEE 802.11 link, when considering and combining multiple wireless metrics, without requiring a network association (Wi-Fi AP-STA) to be performed. On top of the solution, a Machine Learning approach is integrated, in order to project the real-time predictions to long-term predictions in the future (2-hour interval). Additionally, the framework applies a self-correcting mechanism for the predictions, by extracting short-term predictions and accurate throughput calculations, when the current channel conditions largely differ from the long-term predictions. The proposed framework covers comprehensively the cases of interference created by either 802.11 or non 802.11 devices, which may occur at the target or at any overlapping wireless channel. Finally, extensive testbed experimentation proves the framework's proper functionality and accuracy, under the cases of both Indoor (controlled interference) and Outdoor (uncontrolled massive interference) environments.

Improving the polarisation and depolarisation current measuring method to avoid ground wire interference

The ground wire is significantly interfered by the current above 1 μA in the industrial field during the traditional polarisation and depolarisation current (PDC) measurement. This paper explains a method to test PDC from high-voltage wire using a principle of equipotential picoammeter, which is completely isolated from the ground wire and connected in series with the high voltage wire. In this method, a device is designed with a multi-range automatic switching function. The device can automatically switch the test range current from 1 pA to 10 mA with a resolution of 1 pA. To demonstrate the device and effectiveness of this new method, the traditional and the proposed new device are used to test the PDC of cable samples in the laboratory as well as in an industrial environment. It is worth noting that there is almost no interference on the Earth wire in the laboratory environment but massive interference in the industrial environment using a traditional method of PDC measurement from ground or Earth wire. The new method of high-voltage testing can efficiently eliminate the interference and accurately measure PDC in a strong industrial interference environment. Furthermore, the wiring of this new method and device is relatively simple, which is convenient for industrial applications.

Interference Rejection Combining Approach in Vehicle Communication Systems for Throughput Enhancement

In this paper, we present interference rejection combining scheme for interference suppression in wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) system. WAVE system performances depend on interference traffic since various signals and noises are present due to various vehicles on the road. The IRC scheme can minimize the interference presence from the received signal within the massive interference condition, resulting in the substantial gain of signal-to-interference and noise ratios (SINR) and performance. Based on the experiment of our proposed scheme, given the vehicle speed, SINR and different channel condition, our proposed scheme for interference suppression achieved significant improvements by 2 dB SINR performance gain in the low speed condition and above 0.5 dB performance gain at the high speed case. To extend our scheme for the comprehensive analysis, we also produced the vehicle speed and SINR performance map, which showed the performance pattern over vehicle speed and SINR of our scheme.

Distractor-interference reduction is dimensionally constrained

ABSTRACTThe dimension-weighting account predicts that if observers search for a target standing out from the background in a particular dimension, they cannot readily ignore a distractor standing out in the same dimension. This prediction is tested here by asking two groups of observers to search for an orientation target or a luminance target, respectively, and presenting an additional distractor defined in either the respectively same dimension or the other dimension. Notably, in this cross-over design, the physically identical distractors served both as same- and different-dimension distractors, depending on target condition. While same-dimension distractors gave rise to massive interference, different-dimension distractors caused much weaker (though still substantial) interference. This result is most readily explained by the dimension-weighting account: different-dimension distractors are considerably down-weighted but not fully suppressed. Furthermore, same- and different dimension distractors delayed response times even when considering only the fastest (down to 2.5%) of trials, indicating that interference is exerted consistently on each trial, rather than probabilistically on some trials. Our results put strong constraints on models of distractor handling in visual search.

Cluster computing data mining based on massive intrusion interference constraints in hybrid networks

To solve the problem that massive intrusion data in hybrid networks greatly interfere network intrusion detection and cause relatively great difficulty to detection due to their frequency discontinuity, a mining algorithm of massive intrusion cluster computing data in hybrid networks based on spectral feature extraction under fixed constraints of time–frequency window is proposed in this paper. The multi-component cross-detection method is used to collect massive intrusion information in hybrid networks and construct a model of massive intrusion signal in hybrid networks. Cascading notch method is used to suppress intrusion interference under constraints of fixed time–frequency window, and extract fundamental quantity and primary function with locality in massive interference information, and obtain a complete energy distribution spectrum on the time–frequency plane. The energy distribution spectrum is used as guidance function to realize cluster calculating data mining with massive intrusion interference constraints. Simulation results show that, in the intrusion detection process of signal-to-noise ratio from − 15 to − 5 dB, the detection accuracy of the method proposed in this paper is always better than that of others. When the signal-to-noise ratio is − 9 dB, the detection accuracy of this method is over 90%. When the signal-to-noise ratio is −9 dB, the detection accuracy of this method can reach 100%. About the detection time, especially after the Number of intrusion date is 2000, the detection time difference between the three methods is increased, and the detection time of other methods is 2–3 times of paper method. The method proposed can accurately locate mass intrusion distribution sources in hybrid networks under the large frequency oscillation of intrusion data in the hybrid networks, realize network intrusion detection and interference suppression and can filter interference information well, so this method improves intrusion detection probability in hybrid networks.

Three Typical Bit Position Patterns of Bit-Patterned Media Recording

Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) is regarded as a promising candidate for next-generation magnetic storage systems in order to increase areal density. BPMR exhibits massive two-dimensional interference, however, that consists of horizontal intersymbol interference from neighboring bits and vertical intertrack interference (ITI) from adjacent tracks. In this letter, we investigate the performance of BPMR according to the spacing and position of magnetic islands when we use a partial-response maximum-likelihood detection scheme and low-density parity check code. We compare bit error rate performance when the islands are arranged in a regular array and when the islands are arranged in a staggered array. Simulation results show that substantially increased bit error rate performance can be achieved through the use of trigonal half-delayed layout island patterns that reduce the ITI.

Massive interference in free T4 and free T3 assays misleading clinical judgment.

Massive interference in free T4 and free T3 assays misleading clinical judgment.

A super-resolution polarimetric wavefront extraction algorithm for UWB-radar under massive interference conditions

To provide short-range super-resolution ultra-wideband (UWB) radar under multi-scattering conditions, a superior wavefront extraction algorithm is proposed in this paper. Conventional correlation-based pulse separation methods based on SAGE, CLEAN or the previously introduced superior dynamic correlation method (DCM) are revised, validated, and compared. In this paper, the DCM is improved significantly by applying the Pauli scattering matrix decomposition onto the radar data. This novel wavefront extraction algorithm is called polarimetric dynamic correlation method (PDCM) and is suitable to resolve several overlapping pulses, which consist of both strong echoes and weak echoes which are masked by the strong ones. The performance of the PDCM and the comparison with alternative algorithms is carried out by a subsequent feature extraction algorithm for visual verification. Experimental validations are performed with two complex test objects, a maximum length sequence radar device (4.5–13.5 GHz) and compact dual-polarized UWB antennas.

Democracy in crisis? The declining support for national democracy in European countries, 2007–2011

AbstractThe Great Recession that started in 2007/2008 has been the worst economic downturn since the crisis of the 1930s in Europe. It led to a major sovereign debt crisis, which is arguably the biggest challenge for the European Union (EU) and its common currency. Not since the 1950s have advanced democracies experienced such a dramatic external imposition of austerity and structural reform policies through inter‐ or supranational organisations such as the EU and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) or as implicitly requested by international financial markets. Did this massive interference with the room for maneuver of parliaments and governments in many countries erode support for national democracy in the crisis since 2007? Did citizens realise that their national democratic institutions were no longer able to effectively decide on major economic and social policies, on economic and welfare state institutions? And did they react by concluding that this constrained democracy no longer merited further support? These are the questions guiding this article, which compares 26 EU countries in 2007–2011 and re‐analyses 78 national surveys. Aggregate data from these surveys is analysed in a time‐series cross‐section design to examine changes in democratic support at the country level. The hypotheses also are tested at the individual level by estimating a series of cross‐classified multilevel logistic regression models. Support for national democracy – operationalised as satisfaction with the way democracy works and as trust in parliament – declined dramatically during the crisis. This was caused both by international organisations and markets interfering with national democratic procedures and by the deteriorating situation of the national economy as perceived by individual citizens.

Design and evaluation of a portable optical-based biosensor for testing whole blood prothrombin time

Point-of-care diagnostics (POCD) for blood coagulation benefit patients on-site, but available POCD devices are too expensive to be affordable in many countries. Optically based methodologies are cheap and reliable, and have been exploited in bench-top coagulometers to monitor coagulation with plasma, but not whole blood, which contains cellular components that cause massive interference. However, the POCD testing of whole blood gives a more accurate picture of physiological conditions than does testing plasma. In this study, a portable device for performing the prothrombin time (PT) test was designed, comprising an optical sensor, an electrical processing and control circuit to monitor the optical changes that occurred during the coagulation process in whole blood. The PT was when the slope of the first-order derivative of the coagulation curve, recorded from real-time light transmittance signals, was maximal. The POCD PT testing of 167 samples revealed that 153 (91.6%) were successfully detected and the results were highly consistent with the results of whole blood international normalized ratio (INR) (r=0.985, p<0.001) by the conventional manual method and those of plasma INR (r=0.948, p<0.001) with the ACL TOP 700 bench-top coagulometer (Beckman Colter). Hematological parameters were further analyzed, revealing that fibrinogen titers (p=0.036), red blood cell numbers (p=0.017) and distribution of red cell width (p=0.015) affected the effectiveness of the current POCD PT determination. Furthermore, a highly positive correlation was revealed between fibrinogen titers and the maximum speed of change in transmittance (v/t) (r=0.805, p<0.001), suggesting that fibrinogen might be evaluated simultaneously in this POCD testing. In conclusion, the proposed portable optical-based device performs the highly sensitive and accurate determination of whole blood PT and has commercial potential because of its small volume and low fabrication cost.

Culture and migration: Psychological trauma in children and adolescents.

Important development in the knowledge of migration, forced migration and asylum-seeking, its association with psychological trauma in childhood and adolescence, as well as in the intergenerational legacies of trauma in the family, have occurred in recent years. Trauma must be considered within a culture, because it is the cultural context that shapes the life experiences including the ones that are considered traumatic. Certainly migration has an impact on the family and a massive interference in the child’s psychological development and mental health, which can be severe if related to acculturative stress or traumatic states. Young infants can develop insecure, ambivalent, or disorganized attachment; their lack of basic trust in their surroundings can result in negative effects in their exploratory behavior and autonomy, which may be reflected in disorganized behavior. Older children and adolescents may present increased externalized aggressive behavior and/or internalized anxiety and depressive behavior. Therefore, the models for trauma treatment in childhood must integrate the individual’s actual psychological development with elements of the original and host cultures, including societal belief systems, community, neighborhood, family, and individual aspects. The way these elements interrelate and the risk and protective factors related to the child’s resilience and psychological resources to overcome primary or secondary traumas must also be taken into account, are discussed in depth in this article.

Electromagnetic interaction between an axial left ventricular assist device and an implantable cardioverter defibrillator

Electromagnetic interaction between an axial left ventricular assist device and an implantable cardioverter defibrillator

Massive Interference

Massive Interference

Trajetórias da Maternidade e Seus Efeitos Sobre o Desenvolvimento Infantil

The article focuses the maternity experience and its effect on the child emotional life, presenting the results of a longitudinal outline with twelve primiparous women, followed-up in their maternity experience with their child, from the gestation through the child’s third year. Results have evidenced the influence of the unconscious maternal mental apparatus on the maternity experience and on the ways affection and attitudes are presented by these mothers towards the child. The predominance of more healthful or more pathological aspects of the mother’s mental apparatus acting on the emotional experience of maternity, since the gestation, offered important indication on the evolution of maternal experiences and on the future mother-child relationship. The massive interference of narcissistic, masochistic and obsessive aspects of the mother’s personality acted negatively on the mother-child relation. The couple relationship and the object relations with the introjected mother and father imagos have also influenced on the maternity experience.