Massive Corruption Research Articles

Application of NCB Asset Confiscation in Handling Corruption Crimes in Indonesia

Applying NCB (non-convection based not on treasury), commonly called asset confiscation punishment without punishment, is an innovative solution for appropriating corruption when a person cannot cope with criminal, civil and administrative penalties. The problem that exists all ready for change, of course, requires regulation in this regard. It is very important to look at these regulations and how a convection-based asset recovery policy is a government loss recovery policy related to state loss crimes such as corruption, money laundering, etc. Therefore, the subjects considered in this study are how NCB Asset Forfeiture is applied in dealing with criminal acts of corruption in Indonesia. This research method seeks normative law by examining secondary and qualitative data. It is from this that the first conclusion can be drawn: the urgency of implementing the NCB policy (Non-Convection based on not Forteiture) in Indonesia, namely the existence of obesity problems from state losses with massive corruption crimes that have occurred and efforts to harmonise and legitimise the NCB Draft Asset confiscation bill to overcome state losses. Second, the legal response in applying the concept of NCB (Non-Convection Based Forfeiture), namely cooperation with other countries in exploiting evil assets.

Corruption and Good Governance in Africa: A Hermeneutical Analysis

Human beings are social and communal animals and cannot but live in an ordered society and have interactive relationships, hence good governance, which is essential for their well-being and development. This fact grounds their forming governmental apparatus to coordinate the things that are common to them; otherwise, violence and warfare may continue unabated. Good governance does not just happen. Those elected or appointed into positions of governance need to be effective, efficient and exhibit an ethical character to ensure that the good life constitutive of the promotion of human rights, provision of social facilities, and all that provide a better life for the people are in place. In the African continent, many of those in governance, instead of working for the public good to ensure a better life for their citizens, serve their private and parochial interests to the detriment of the welfare of the people by engaging in massive corruption. Corruption, especially political and public, has grave effects on the economy and the lives of the people all over the continent. Massive corruption has siphoned public funds for development projects and lodged them in foreign banks. This has led to poverty and underdevelopment, weakened sustainable development goals, caused youth restiveness, led to forced migration, poor environmental growth, and loss of millions of lives. Problematized in this paper is a continent endowed and blessed with natural and human resources but remains the poorest, most undeveloped continent in the world because of corruption. The paper used hermeneutics and critical analytic methods to examine corruption as an impediment to good governance in Africa. The hermeneutics method was used to interpret, decipher, and highlight the importance of this work’s principal concepts. The critical-analytic method was used to rationalize the arguments. The paper found that massive corruption is decimating the continent and that there is a need to combat it to ensure good governance. It concluded that combating corruption will help create a better continent where people enjoy a good life and democratic entitlements

Managing a social business of Lilly Apartments’ Welfare Association – a tale of unending crises

Learning outcomes The learning objectives (or expected learning objectives and outcomes) are to be achieved by linking them with particular concepts, theories and models. These include conducting a situational analysis of the social business, namely, Lilly Apartments’ Welfare Association; explaining the characteristics and mindset of the leadership, particularly the social entrepreneurial leaders; analysing the conflict among the team members; and designing strategic solutions for combating crises and attaining operations’ effectiveness. Case overview/synopsis Lilly Apartments’ Welfare Association Karachi was registered under the Act of 1860 of the Government of Pakistan. The members established this Association to oversee the affairs of the maintenance of the apartments, including the provision of utilities, particularly water, sanitation, lifts, generators, parking, security and a park with a small play area for children. The front-burner issue of the Association consisted of mis-governance (causing underperformance), including maintenance of buildings within apartments; recovery of funds from the past executive committee (EC) members due to their massive corruption; managing defaulters’ issues (i.e., the members who did not pay their monthly maintenance fees) and deficiency of funds; inefficient and corrupt practices of the majority of the employees, including one manager and two supervisors; and task-related and personal conflicts between the leadership members. The EC of the Association was elected every year and presently it had only four months left. The research design used for this case study involved conducting 12 interviews, four each involving EC members, former EC members and senior residents, which were analysed to learn the challenges and achievements of the Association. Moreover, pertinent records of the Association were reviewed. The canons of research ethics and soundness were applied. Complexity academic level This case study is suitable for the students of social entrepreneurship or strategy or strategy and leadership. The study level is for graduates in management science, including MBA and EMBA students. This case study is suitable for teaching at any point but ideally near the middle or end of the aforementioned courses. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

MEREDUKSI PERILAKU DAN BUDAYA KORUPTIF: UPAYA PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER ANTI KORUPSI DALAM PERSPEKTIF ETIS TEOLOGI


 The massive corruption that occurs in this nation also extends to the church as a spiritual institution. Corruption is a big problem for society, which causes people to suffer and, of course, disrupts the country's economy. Corruption is also an act of violation of human rights and is now a social pathology that is dangerous for human life. This research aims to provide an understanding of how the role of Christianity can reduce corrupt behaviour by forming an anti-corruption character. Yeng is certainly very useful for Christianity in building a country free from corruption. This paper uses a descriptive qualitative method with a literature study approach. The results of this research state that corruption is a crime that must be fought. Corruption contains untruths that are not in line with the teachings of the Bible. Therefore, the church must guide the congregation with an anti-corruption character within a biblical framework.

Mzansi Magic

Mzansi Magic

Economic Analysis : Application of Technology in Law Enforcement in Combating Corruption

The massive corruption cases that occur in Indonesia prove that there is a need for effective and efficient law enforcement efforts to eradicate corruption cases that occur, in handling it is necessary to apply technology to streamline the course of law enforcement, law enforcement efforts to eradicate corruption are regulated in Law No. 19 of 2019 concerning the second amendment to Law No. 30 of 2002 concerning the Corruption Eradication Commission. The problems that will be discussed in this study are related to economic analysis and the application of technology in law enforcement and corruption eradication. The research method used in this study is a normative research method using a legislative approach and a case approach and will be analyzed using content analysis.

It takes two to toyi-toyi: one party dominance and opposition party failure in South Africa’s 2019 national election

ABSTRACT Why do dominant parties continue to win elections despite significant governance failures? Scholars of one party democracies tend to locate explanations at the macro-level: manipulation of rules, control over state media, or selective distribution of benefits to supporters. Other scholars emphasize ethnic or religious identities which trump consideration of policy and performance. We employ a multinomial regression model of voter decisions in South Africa’s 2019 general election to explore how the ruling African National Congress managed to secure 58% of the vote amidst a massive corruption scandal and waning public services. We find that dissatisfied government supporters do not ignore poor performance, but must perceive a legitimate alternative amongst the opposition before they switch their vote. Otherwise, they exit the electorate. This allows the governing party to win significant proportions of a diminishing electorate. Thus, decisions about whether to vote are not just a result of resources, mobilization or efficacy, but are also rooted in perceptions of governing and opposition parties. Voter turnout and vote choice are intimately linked, rather than separate causal processes. Moreover, continued one-party dominance may be as much a function of opposition party failure as it is of government control over rules, rents or resources.

Efektivitas Ancaman Pidana Mati bagi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Indonesia dari Sudut Padang Hukum, Ham, dan Psikologi

Indonesia occupies the position of a country with a high corruption rate. This is shown by the increase in the corruption perspective index which will increase in 2022 to 43 points. In order to reduce the number of corruptions, policy makers provide a serious threat to corruption cases in Law Number 31 of 1999 on Corruption Crimes. Among the criminal threats imposed, the death penalty is one of the considerations as an appropriate method of punishment for massive corruption cases. The death penalty is expected to reduce the number of corruption crimes in Indonesia. Normative juridical research methods are used in this research to review legislation, research journals, and news relating to corruption and the death penalty. The research results obtained are that the death penalty is not solutive threat to reduce corruption in Indonesia.

부패방지법 관련 현안문제에 관한 고찰

This study aims to examine the current issues of the Anti-Corruption Act focusing on the revised bill. In Chapter 2, the legal issues related to the protection and compensation support for whistleblowers were reviewed following: first, vitalization of the corruption reporting system through the essential reduction of penalties; second, reinforcement of reporter protection strengthening protection procedures for reporting person, easing requirements for temporary suspension decision for ‘procedural pre-protection and post-review’ of reporting person); third, improving the effectiveness of subrogating the right to claim compensation for damages. Next, in Chapter 3, legal issues related to the strengthening of citizens' surveillance and participation functions were considered through securing the timeliness and effectiveness of the national audit request system. Lastly, in Chapter 4, legal issues related to strengthening the integrity of public institutions were reviewed as follows: first, investigation and evaluation of corruption in public institutions and imposition of administrative fines; second, the use of business secrets by employees of public institutions; third, the punishment on acquiring property by using undisclosed information acquired in official affairs unrelated to work.
 It is impossible to prevent massive corruption without aversion to small corruption. Moreover, The problems corruption are serious not only in the public sector, but also in the private sector. Therefore, I agree with the point that solution should be changed from public office-centered corruption to public interest-centered corruption in the future.
 The rule of law has developed as a principle of liberalism to guarantee the freedom of the people, and is recognized today as a component of liberal democracy along with separation of powers.
 Anti-corruption needs to be approached from the perspective of overcoming the crisis of the rule of law, because corruption has the meaning of eroding the rule of law.

The Decline of Factions: The Impact of a Broad Purge on Political Decision Making in China

AbstractWe conceptualize broad purges, which extend far below top powerholders in authoritarian regimes and operate according to a logic fundamentally different from coup-proofing purges that target rivals to the supreme leader. Broad purges induce risk reduction in decision making because they grossly exacerbate uncertainty and raise the likelihood and cost of political error. Empirically, we analyze political appointment decisions before and during a massive corruption crackdown in China. We estimate purge impact on appointments of prefectural Communist Party secretaries during 2013–17. To signal to Beijing that they are not building factions, party bosses of these officials can be expected to reduce risk by biasing appointments against their own clients, with variation in bias reflecting geographic heterogeneity in purge intensity. We find a large effect of purge intensity on anti-client bias during this broad purge but not in previous smaller-scale anticorruption crackdowns. This study contributes to knowledge about purges under authoritarianism.

Make Petrobras Great Again: Analyzing Identification Work After a Corruption Scandal

This paper uses a work lens to examine a multinational company’s purposeful actions to communicate the expansion of an ethics and compliance program after a massive corruption scandal. It draws on the notion of communication as symbolic management, which offers a window into program implementation, to analyze what we call identification work—the top-down, sensegiving process through which organizational leaders construct a collective sense of self and present it to organizational members and external stakeholders to restore their organization’s legitimacy. Identification work makes extensive use of various discursive resources to reduce uncertainty as well as to evoke social, relational, and personal identification. This paper also mobilizes the concept of ventriloquism to explain the constitutive power of communication and how the company gives voice to key human and non-human actors such as regulators, civil society organizations, the media, and its ethics and compliance program. We have found that the company’s ethics and compliance program is at the center of its newly-constructed sense of self, which is presented to both organizational members and external stakeholders as human-like, assuming a heroic quality strongly supported by symbols.

The fallacy of 'scientific elections' in the COVID-era: exploring the challenges of managing the 2020-2021 elections in Uganda

COVID-19 broke out in the period that Uganda was due to have presidential and parliamentary elections, posing a very precarious human security challenge. The ruling party (National Resistance Movement; NRM) faced the challenge of passing power to the Speaker of parliament if elections were not to be held. To mitigate the public health challenges and maintain power, the government acquiesced to an election process without public campaigns. Instead, campaigns were to be held over the radio, TV, and social media in what came to be known as 'scientific elections.' However, in a country hamstrung by massive political and bureaucratic corruption and an entrenched regime that uses violence against opponents, little attention was paid to the fairness of the process, especially in terms of access to media resources by the opposition. Conversely, as elections are about crowds and showmanship, the Ugandan Electoral Commission struggled with the ever-evolving electoral campaign process, especially as large spontaneous crowds sprang up on the campaign trail of the political candidates. The opposition needs a large crowd for legitimacy and a show of popularity. To mitigate this, the ruling party used violence against opposition members as an excuse to enforce standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the prevention of COVID-19, yet its candidates were left to gather crowds. This radicalized some of the opposition that used media outlets to call for violence and ethnic cleansing. This qualitative study delves into the extent to which the 'scientific elections' process was designed to produce a fair outcome of the 2021 elections in Uganda. This study uses the rational choice theory to explore the calculations of different stakeholders. The study relies on secondary data, especially available in media outlets, but also primary data through reports and social media and speeches of key figures in the political landscape in Uganda. The study finds that the Independent Electoral Commission was caught between two highly sophisticated opponents and did not have the capacity and agency to enforce the rules in the political game. In the end, the key facets of the 'scientific elections' process were found wanting and did not produce a fair outcome of the 2021 elections in Uganda.

The Age of Ebrahim Raisi

The Islamic Republic of Iran finds itself in an unusual paradox. It is a regime that is growing stronger in the region while weaker at home. The mullahs will stand as Persia’s most dedicated and ardent imperialists, who have implanted their influence throughout the Middle East. Iran has prolonged regional civil wars, harassed Arab potentates, and reduced the once proud Arab nation of Iraq into a vassal state. Yet, it is at home that the regime faces its most significant challenges. Ebrahim Raisi, Iran’s new dogmatic and unimaginative president, is facing a depleted economy, popular protests, and massive corruption. The clerical oligarchs have no answer to Iran’s mounting problems. It remains unclear whether the regime can survive the many predicaments of its own making.

Pakistani Police Governance and Accountability: Challenges and Recommendations

The persistence of massive corruption, a lack of accountability, departmental clashes, constitutional crisis, and a deteriorating law and order situation, particularly in the police department, are ample indicators of the country's poor governance. Pakistan has been engulfed by opinionated volatility and turbulence, resulting in the formation of a dark crevice in the country's economic growth and development. Good governance cannot be respected while there is opinionated disarray, a politician's appetite for power, and an unreformed Police Department. The current police system in Pakistan was designed by the British in 1861 to address a more diverse set of social, administrative, and political realities than the country currently portrays. Numerous national and international experts have concluded that colonial architecture is unsuitable for Pakistan. Pakistan requires comprehensive police reforms as a necessary component of the national framework, regardless of which party is in power. The public interest in reclaiming law enforcement's value has never been greater than it is today. There is growing recognition that the assignment requires concentrated effort. There can be no expectation of momentous police reforms without a continuing corporation and partnership edifice among the major players involved. A progressive and unwavering political leadership, a towering altitude of public support, and an enthused and well-led general public that demands higher standards of police performance are all necessary components of change and good governance.

Dark Side Case: Layers of Corruption in the Car Wash Scheme

Petrobras is an oil and gas giant publicly traded in Brazil and in international stock markets such as the New York Stock Exchange. The company’s main shareholder is Brazil’s federal government. Political influence is at the center of Petrobras’ implication in a massive corruption scheme revealed in 2014. Brazilian Federal Police’s Operation Car Wash disclosed a wide corruption scheme involving Petrobras, members of the Brazilian public administration, and some of the top construction firms in the country. The case focuses on describing how corruption practices spread at Petrobras as well as on the company’s responses to the crisis initiated in March 2014. In the months that followed the scandal, former Petrobras executives involved in the scheme agreed to plea bargains and thus helped reveal an intricate network of corruption practices, including complex forms of bid rigging and bribery. Meanwhile, Petrobras announced the intention to create a Governance, Risk, and Compliance unit that would be in charge of various compliance initiatives. On the other hand, the company expressly denied liability and portrayed itself as a victim of the scheme. Based on rich information from the Car Wash scandal, the case addresses the following questions: what is organizational corruption and what are the main assumptions underlying the design and implementation of anti-corruption strategies?

Economic and Social Turmoil in Venezuela Caused by Autocracy and Misgovernance

Venezuela was once a thriving economy but it experienced one of the worst political crisis and economic catastrophe in modern times. The failure of leadership and erroneous policy measures were instrumental in this disaster. After Hugo Chavez, his successor Nicolás Maduro from socialist PSUV party took over in 2013. His extension through the general election in May 2018 remained shrouded under controversy. There was massive corruption, social repression, deceleration of productivity, economic indecision, higher dependence on oil, rampant human rights violation, and shutdown of businesses noticed during his regime. Venezuela is an oil rich country with the leading verified oil reserves in the world. Its economy is highly dependent on oil exports but oil production has plummeted tremendously. The nation failed to diversify in other lines of production even as oil prices started to fall since 2014 and the economy suffered beyond measure. As per IMF estimate, Venezuela's economy has shrunk by more than one-third between 2013 and 2017 approximately. Its currency value reduced to rubble, inflation skyrocketed, GDP growth rate went into tailspin and debt defaulted. There is unprecedented humanitarian crisis in Venezuela in recent times. Rise in violence and crime, hunger, malnutrition and poverty led millions of people to flee the country. As per the United Nations’ record, about 4.8 million Venezuelans left the nation since the crisis erupted in 2014. US imposed sanction on Venezuela in 2015 which further got intensified in 2017. There is now international pressure on Nicolás Maduro to step down and to allow his opponent Juan Guaidó to run the country. In the times of the Corona virus outbreak, this crisis has aggravated for the economically impaired nation.

Legitimating falsehood in social media: A discourse analysis of political fake news

Digital peddling of fake news is influential to persuasive political participation, with veritable social media platforms. Social media, with their instantaneous and widespread usage, have been exploited by ‘anonymous’ political influencers who fabricate and inundate internet community with unverified and false information. Using van Leeuwen’s Discourse Legitimation approach and insights from Discourse Analysis, this study analyses 120 purposively sampled fake news posts on Whatsapp, Facebook and Twitter, shared during the 2019 general elections in Nigeria. WhatsApp allows for the easy and fast sharing of fake news as it pulled the largest occurrence of legitimation strategies, followed by Facebook. Authorisation is the highest occurring legitimation strategy at 46.6% frequency; this is followed by Moralisation which has 27% and Rationalisation at 26.4%; while Mythopoesis did not feature at all in the sampled data, leaving it at 0%. In particular, expert and role model authority are most often deployed to validate fake news such as the demise and cloning of President Buhari, ruling party’s plan to rig and destabilise the 2019 election, massive corruption in the current administration and imminent ethnic violence. The study argues that these strategies are viable persuasive tools owing to their use of discourse markers like make-believe images, emotive language, appeal to emotions, rational conclusions, hateful comments, verbal indictment and coercive verbs.

Registration Laws of Housing Developers: A Major Obstacle in Achieving the Goal of Housing for All in Pakistan

Among other housing developers, the major housing developers are private housing companies and cooperative housing societies, these housing developers can become very effective to achieve the goal of housing for all, but unfortunately, these two have been used to do massive corruption in the housing industry of Pakistan. The major reason is that the legal framework, which is meant to regulate the housing developers, has become an instrument at the hands of housing developers of the housing to commit corruption in the housing industry. These housing developers can become very effective to achieve the goal of housing for all if some suitable amendments are introduced, and the legal framework is strengthened

Anti-Corruption Drive and Attainment of Sustainable Economy in Nigeria

Several attempts by scholars, global policy makers and institutions to understand the cause(s) and continuous prevalence of economic crisis in Nigeria identified corruption as the most critical factor. Though corruption is a global scourge, Nigeria however appears to have suffered the most from the phenomenon where political leaders are seeing to be pathologically corrupt. The inauguration of Muhammed Buhari Administration heralded new hopes and expectations for his anti-corruption drive after taking office on 29th May, 2015. There is a strong believe that the administration would end all forms of corrupt practices and the new order he established would promote the needed economic development in Nigeria. Surprisingly, to date, Nigeria experience still present a vastly contrasting scenario, the country's public administration has been characterized by massive corruption while the Nigeria system seems to have been hijacked by the merchants and political barons marginalizing the people and steadily sliding the Nigeria economy on the part of collapse. With heavy reliance on secondary data derived from library search, archival records, government records and internet search, the paper will evaluate the impact of anti-corruption drive on the attainment of sustainable economy in Nigeria.

The rise of populist parties in the aftermath of a massive corruption scandal

Populism is on the rise in Europe and America, and understanding its origins and evolution is becoming increasingly important. In this study, I investigate the effects of the exposure of corruption scandals on populist parties in Italy, exploiting a novel dataset based on electoral data at the municipal level. I find that local corruption exposure helps the populist parties in national elections and hurts the incumbents as the scandals are revealed.