Body Mass Research Articles

Prediction models for phosphorus excretion of pigs.

The present study aimed to measure fecal and urinary phosphorus (P) excretion from pigs and to develop prediction models for P excretion of pigs. A total of 96 values for P excretions were obtained from pigs of 15 to 93 kg body weight (BW) fed 12 diets in four experiments and were used to develop the prediction models. All experimental diets contained exogenous phytase at 500 phytase units per kg. Body weight of pigs and dietary P concentrations were used as independent variables in the prediction models. The BW, feed intake, and P intake were positively correlated with total (fecal plus urinary) P excretions (r = 0.80, 0.91, and 0.94, respectively; p<0.001). The models for estimating P excretion were: fecal P excretion (g/d) = -0.654-0.000618×BW2+0.273×BW ×dietary P concentration (R2 = 0.83; p<0.001); urinary P excretion (g/d) = 0.045+ 0.00781×BW×dietary P concentration (R2 = 0.15; p<0.001); total P excretion (g/d) = -0.598-0.000613×BW2+0.280×BW×dietary P concentration (R2 = 0.86; p<0.001) where the BW of pigs and dietary P concentration are expressed as kg and % (as-fed basis), respectively. Based on the developed prediction models, the estimated annual fecal, urinary, and total P excretion for a market pig was 1.24, 0.09, and 1.33 kg/yr, respectively. The P excretions in market pigs can be estimated using BW of pigs and dietary P concentration. In the present model, a market pig excretes 1.24 kg of fecal P and 0.09 kg of urinary P per year.

Effect of replacing concentrates with cassava root-top silage on feed utilization, rumen fermentation, blood parameters and growth performance in beef cattle.

This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of replacing concentrates with cassava root-top silage (CARTOS) on feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, blood parameters, and growth performance of beef cattle. Twenty crossbred bulls with a body weight (BW) of 226±56 kg were randomly assigned to one of five treatments for 90 d in a randomized complete block design having four blocks based on BW. The concentrates were replaced by CARTOS at levels of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% dry matter (DM). Animals were fed dietary treatments at 1.8% BW, with rice straw offered ad libitum. The DM and crude protein (CP) intake were decreased (p<0.01, p = 0.04) when the diet's CARTOS level was increased. The digestibility of DM, OM, and CP were not different among treatments, while fiber digestibility was increased with the inclusion of CARTOS (p = 0.03). The addition of CARTOS to replace concentrates did not change ruminal pH or volatile fatty acid proportions except for acetic acid, which increased with the addition of CARTOS (p = 0.03). The ruminal ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) was decreased (p<0.01) with increasing levels of CARTOS. The blood glucose and blood urea nitrogen decreased (p = 0.01) with the addition of CARTOS at 100%, whereas total protein and hematological parameters did not change with increasing levels of CARTOS. The use of CARTOS to substitute concentrates at 75% and 100% decreased average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) (p<0.01); therefore, the addition of CARTOS up to 50% maintained ADG and G:F in beef cattle. CARTOS can replace concentrates up to 50% in beef cattle diets without adversely affecting feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, blood parameters, or growth performance of beef cattle.

Physical Activity and Excess Body Weight and Adiposity for Adults. American College of Sports Medicine Consensus Statement.

Excessive body weight and adiposity contribute to many adverse health concerns. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recognizes that the condition of excess body weight and adiposity is complex, with numerous factors warranting consideration. The ACSM published a position stand on this topic in 2001 with an update in 2009, and a consensus paper on the role of physical activity in the prevention of weight gain in 2019. This current consensus paper serves as an additional update to those prior ACSM position and consensus papers. The ACSM supports the inclusion of physical activity in medical treatments (pharmacotherapy, metabolic and bariatric surgery) of excess weight and adiposity, as deemed to be medically appropriate, and provides perspectives on physical activity within these therapies. For weight loss and prevention of weight gain, the effects may be most prevalent when physical activity is progressed in an appropriate manner to at least 150 min·wk-1 of moderate-intensity physical activity, and these benefits occur in a dose-response manner. High-intensity interval training does not appear to be superior to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for body weight regulation, and light-intensity physical activity may also be an alternative approach provided it is of sufficient energy expenditure. Evidence does not support that any one single mode of physical activity is superior to other modes for the prevention of weight gain or weight loss, and to elicit holistic health benefits beyond the effects on body weight and adiposity, multimodal physical activity should be recommended. The interaction between energy expenditure and energy intake is complex, and the effects of exercise on the control of appetite are variable between individuals. Physical activity interventions should be inclusive and tailored for sex, self-identified gender, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, and developmental level. Intervention approaches can also include different forms, channels, and methods to support physical activity.

Physical Activity and Excess Body Weight and Adiposity for Adults. American College of Sports Medicine Consensus Statement

ABSTRACT Excessive body weight and adiposity contribute to many adverse health concerns. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recognizes that the condition of excess body weight and adiposity is complex, with numerous factors warranting consideration. The ACSM published a position stand on this topic in 2001 with an update in 2009, and a consensus paper on the role of physical activity in the prevention of weight gain in 2019. This current consensus paper serves as an additional update to those prior ACSM position and consensus papers. The ACSM supports the inclusion of physical activity in medical treatments (pharmacotherapy, metabolic and bariatric surgery) of excess weight and adiposity, as deemed to be medically appropriate, and provides perspectives on physical activity within these therapies. For weight loss and prevention of weight gain, the effects may be most prevalent when physical activity is progressed in an appropriate manner to at least 150 min·wk−1 of moderate-intensity physical activity, and these benefits occur in a dose–response manner. High-intensity interval training does not appear to be superior to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for body weight regulation, and light-intensity physical activity may also be an alternative approach provided it is of sufficient energy expenditure. Evidence does not support that any one single mode of physical activity is superior to other modes for the prevention of weight gain or weight loss, and to elicit holistic health benefits beyond the effects on body weight and adiposity, multimodal physical activity should be recommended. The interaction between energy expenditure and energy intake is complex, and the effects of exercise on the control of appetite are variable between individuals. Physical activity interventions should be inclusive and tailored for sex, self-identified gender, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, and developmental level. Intervention approaches can also include different forms, channels, and methods to support physical activity.

Beneficial effects of oral nutritional supplement on body weight, muscle strength and serum prealbumin in advanced stage cancer with pre-cachexia undergoing systemic palliative treatment

Beneficial effects of oral nutritional supplement on body weight, muscle strength and serum prealbumin in advanced stage cancer with pre-cachexia undergoing systemic palliative treatment

Changes in body weight are associated with miRNAs modulation in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer

Changes in body weight are associated with miRNAs modulation in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer

Activation of SIRT3 by Tanshinone IIA ameliorates renal fibrosis by suppressing the TGF-β/TSP-1 pathway and attenuating oxidative stress.

Although doxorubicin (DOX) is a common chemotherapeutic drug, the serious nephrotoxicity caused by DOX-induced renal fibrosis remains a considerable clinical problem. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), a compound extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been reported to have an anti-fibrotic effect. Therefore, this study investigated the molecular pathway whereby Tan IIA protects the kidneys from DOX administration. DOX (3mg/kg body weight) was intraperitoneally administered every 3 d for a total of 7 injections (cumulative dose of 21mg/kg) to induce nephrotoxicity. Then, Tan IIA (5 or 10mg/kg/d) was administered by intraperitoneal injection for 28 d. In an in vitro study, 293T cells were cultured and treated with DOX and Tan IIA for 24h. Tan IIA reduced the blood urea nitrogen levels elevated by DOX while increasing superoxide dismutase activity, down-regulating reactive oxygen species, ameliorating renal-tubule thickening, and rescuing mitochondrial morphology. Additionally, Tan IIA reduced the renal collagen deposition, increased ATP production and complex-I activity, down-regulated transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), and up-regulated sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). Tan IIA significantly increased cell viability. Additionally, RNA interference was employed to silence the expression of SIRT3, which eliminated the effect of Tan IIA in suppressing the expression of TGF-β1 and TSP-1. In conclusion, Tan IIA ameliorated DOX-induced nephrotoxicity by attenuating oxidative injury and fibrosis. The Tan IIA-induced rescue of mitochondrial morphology and function while alleviating renal fibrosis may be associated with the activation of SIRT3 to suppress the TGF-β/TSP-1 pathway.

A comprehensive analysis of nutritional assessment of information technology professionals of India in the post – COVID era: Exploring the interplay of alcohol consumption, stress, sleep, diet and body weight

A comprehensive analysis of nutritional assessment of information technology professionals of India in the post – COVID era: Exploring the interplay of alcohol consumption, stress, sleep, diet and body weight

Genetic relationships between behavioral traits and feed efficiency traits in lactating Holstein cows

The evaluation of dairy cow feed efficiency using residual feed intake accounts for known energy sinks. However, behavioral traits may also contribute to the variation in feed efficiency. Our objective was to estimate the heritability and repeatability of behavioral traits and their genetic correlations with feed efficiency and its components in lactating Holstein cows. The first data set consisted of 36,075 daily rumination and lying time records collected using a SMARTBOW ear tag accelerometer (Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) and 6,371 weekly feed efficiency records of 728 cows from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The second data set consisted of 59,155 daily activity records, measured as number of steps, recorded by pedometers (AfiAct; S.A.E. Afikim, Kibbutz Afikim, Israel), and 8,626 weekly feed efficiency records of 635 cows from the University of Florida. Feed efficiency and its components included dry matter intake, change in body weight, metabolic body weight, secreted milk energy, and residual feed intake. The statistical models included the fixed effect of cohort, lactation number, and days in milk, and the random effects of animal and permanent environment. Heritability estimates for behavioral traits using daily records were 0.19 ± 0.06 for rumination and activity, and 0.37 ± 0.07 for lying time. Repeatability estimates for behavioral traits using daily data ranged from 0.56 ± 0.02 for activity to 0.62 ± 0.01 for lying time. Both heritability and repeatability estimates were larger when weekly records instead of daily records were used. Rumination and activity had positive genetic correlations with residual feed intake (0.40 ± 0.19 and 0.31 ± 0.22, respectively) while lying time had a negative genetic correlation with this residual feed intake (-0.27 ± 0.11). These results indicate that more efficient cows tend to spend more time lying and less time active. Additionally, less efficient cows tend to eat more and therefore also tend to ruminate longer. Overall, sensor-based behavioral traits are heritable and genetically correlated with feed efficiency and its components and, therefore, they could be used as indicators to identify feed efficient cows within the herd.

Impact of dietary fiber on body weight during 16/8 intermittent fasting

Impact of dietary fiber on body weight during 16/8 intermittent fasting

Impacts of chronic stress on food addiction, eating behavior and body weight in Algeria adults

Impacts of chronic stress on food addiction, eating behavior and body weight in Algeria adults

Blunted inflammatory response is associated with a lower response to a weight loss dietary intervention in liver recipients

Background & AimsObesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, and adipose tissue inflammation is required for fatty tissue remodeling. Interestingly, immunosuppressed patients, as liver transplant recipients, often experience excessive weight gain. We investigated how liver recipients' inflammatory response affects body weight loss induced by dietary treatment. MethodsOverweight liver recipients were paired with non-transplanted subjects to compare their peripheral immune profiles. ResultsTransplanted patients had similar profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared to controls but lower CD8lowCD56+CD16+NK cells and higher B lymphocytes. Patients showed lower serum concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF, IL-4, IL-2, and IL-10 and lower inflammatory responsiveness of peripheral blood mononuclear cells under inflammatory stimuli. Liver recipients paired with non-transplanted subjects followed a weight loss dietary plan for 6 months to verify body composition changes. After 3 and 6 months of nutritional follow-up, the control group lost more body weight than the liver recipient group. The control group decreased fat mass and waist circumference, which was not observed in transplanted patients. ConclusionTherefore, liver recipients under immunosuppressant treatment responded less to different inflammatory stimuli. This impaired inflammatory milieu might be implicated in the lack of response to weight loss dietary intervention. Inflammation may be essential to trigger the weight loss induced by dietary prescription. Clinical trial registryClinicalTrials.gov identification number: NCT03103984

Evaluation of a 3-month intervention with high protein omega-3 enriched oral nutritional supplement on body weight, inflammation, muscle strength and patient reported outcomes in patients with cancer

Evaluation of a 3-month intervention with high protein omega-3 enriched oral nutritional supplement on body weight, inflammation, muscle strength and patient reported outcomes in patients with cancer

Subchronic Toxicity Assessment of Zingiber roseum Rhizome in Mice Model: Safety Evaluation at Various Doses

Aims:: The aim of this study is to determine the potential adverse effects associated with the prolonged administration of Zingiber roseum rhizome extract. Background:: This study aimed to evaluate the sub-chronic toxicity of Z. roseum, commonly known as rosy ginger, using a mouse model. Z. roseum has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties; however, there is limited information regarding its potential toxic effects. Objective:: The objective of this study is to assess the safety profile of ZRR extract at various doses and conduct a detailed analysis of hematological, biochemical, and histological parameters regarding sub-chronic toxicity. Methods:: Mice were orally administered ZRR methanolic extract at doses of 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg for 14 days as per the guidelines of ‘The Brazilian Agency of National Health Surveillance.’ Subchronic toxicity was conducted by monitoring multiple indicators, including changes in body weight, food and water consumption, blood profile (HB, RBC, WBC, and PLT), and biochemical markers (ALT, AST, ALP, TP, ALB, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, Creatinine, and Urea) and histopathological examination of the liver. Results:: Throughout the study, the mice showed normal behavior and appeared healthy. The administration of Z. roseum at all tested doses did not significantly affect body weight, food, and water intake, blood, biochemical markers, or liver. Z. roseum at these doses was safe, with no fatalities or harm. Conclusion:: Lastly, the sub-chronic administration of Z. roseum at doses of 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg in a mice model did not elicit any toxic effects, indicating its potential safety as a therapeutic agent.

Characterizing the Compressive Force at L5/S1 During Patient Transfer From Bed to Wheelchair.

The peak compressive forces at L5/S1 during patient transfers have been estimated. However, no study has considered the actual patient body weight that caregivers had to handle during transfers. We developed a simple kinematic model of lifting to address this limitation. Fifteen prospective health care providers transferred a 70-kg individual who mimicked a patient ("patient") from bed to wheelchair. Trials were acquired with the patient donning (weighted) and doffing (unweighted) a 5-kg weight belt. Trials were also acquired with and without knee assistance and a mechanical lift. During trials, kinematics and kinetics of transfers were recorded to estimate the peak compressive force at L5/S1 using static equilibrium equations. The peak compressive force was associated with the transfer method (P < .0005), and the compressive force was 68% lower in lift-assisted than manual transfer (2230 [SD = 433]N vs 6875 [SD = 2307]N). However, the peak compressive force was not associated with knee assistance, nor with a change in the patient body weight. Our results inform that mechanical loading exceeding the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health safety criterion occurs during patient transfers, confirming a high risk of lower back injuries in caregivers. However, the risk can be mitigated with the use of a mechanical lift.

Muscle Activity During Lateral And Forward Locomotion With Body Weight Support

Muscle Activity During Lateral And Forward Locomotion With Body Weight Support

A service evaluation of weight management for glycaemic control and remission of type 2 diabetes using traditional food in Nepal (Ho-DIRECT NEPAL): a single-arm trial

Remission of early type 2 diabetes (T2D) is possible; however, diet programmes proven effective are unaffordable in many southeast Asian populations where T2D is more frequent and more aggressive at lower body weight and younger age. We evaluate an entirely food-based service. This study employed a single-arm intervention and follow-up design for intervention evaluation in existing hospital people with T2D of under 5 years known duration. Individuals attending a diabetes clinic in Kathmandu with early T2D (<5 years) aged 30-70 years, BMI ≥23kg/m2, were offered a low-cost nutritionally complete diet-programme, using traditional Nepali foods to provide 8-weeks ∼850kcal/day weight loss induction, and then weight maintenance. The participants received 4-weekly dietetic appointments (30-45min) and verbo-pictorial leaflets using household measures. Glucose-lowering medications (49/70at baseline) were stopped at baseline or soon after. The study was registered as ISRCTN10671396, testing a traditional food-based intervention for weight loss and T2D remission. For 70 individuals (45 female) invited between March 19, 2022 and September 19, 2023, baseline mean (SD) age was 48.6 (9.9) years, bodyweight 74.6 (9.5) kg, BMI 29.7 (3.6) kg/m2, known diabetes duration 2.5 (1.9) years, HbA1c on treatment 8.1 (1.6) %. At 12, 24 and 52 weeks respectively, evaluating n=44, 46, 45, bodyweight was 70.1 (8.5), 69.8 (8.9), 70.0 (8.8) kg, HbA1c 6.8 (0.9), 6.9 (1.5), 7.1 (1.3) %; HbA1c<6.5% was recorded for 46%, 48% and 36% and remission of T2D (HbA1c<6.5% off medication >3 months) in 43%, 39% and 29%. The main reported adherence barriers were fears of weakness, hunger, and inconvenience during travel. Incentives were ease of the diet, reduced doses and costs of medications, and improved appearance. Traditional food-based weight management can valuably improve control, reduce medication needs, and generate remissions of established T2D, but adherence barriers must be overcome to optimise outcomes. All Saints Educational Trust, England.

Prevalence of excess body weight and reduced muscle mass in hemodialysis patients

Prevalence of excess body weight and reduced muscle mass in hemodialysis patients

Variation in body weight reduction after bariatric surgery and its clinical predictors

Variation in body weight reduction after bariatric surgery and its clinical predictors

Choline-deficient, high-fat diet-induced MASH in Göttingen Minipigs: characterization and effects of a chow reversal period.

The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is increasing, and translational animal models are needed to develop novel treatments for this disease. The physiology and metabolism of pigs have a relatively high resemblance to humans, and the present study aimed to characterize choline-deficient and high-fat diet (CDAHFD)-fed Göttingen Minipigs as a novel animal model of MASLD/MASH. Göttingen Minipigs were fed CDAHFD for up to 5 mo, and the phenotype was investigated by the analysis of plasma parameters and repeated collection of liver biopsies. Furthermore, changes in hepatic gene expression during the experiment were explored by RNA sequencing. For a subset of the minipigs, the diet was changed from CDAHFD back to chow to investigate whether the liver pathology was reversible. Göttingen Minipigs on CDAHFD gained body weight, and plasma levels of cholesterol, AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT were increased. CDAHFD-fed minipigs developed hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, which in 5 of 16 animals progressed to cirrhosis. During an 11-wk chow reversal period, steatosis regressed, while fibrosis persisted. Regarding inflammation, the findings were less clear, depending on the type of readout. MASH Human Proximity Scoring (combined evaluation of transcriptional, phenotypic, and histopathological parameters) showed that CDAHFD-fed Göttingen Minipigs resemble human MASLD/MASH better than most rodent models. In conclusion, CDAHFD-fed minipigs develop a MASH-like phenotype, which, in several aspects, resembles the changes observed in human patients with MASLD/MASH. Furthermore, repeated collection of liver biopsies allows detailed characterization of histopathological changes over time in individual animals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The physiology and metabolism of pigs have a relatively high resemblance to humans. This study characterizes a new animal model of MASLD/MASH using CDAHFD-fed Göttingen Minipigs. Göttingen Minipigs fed CDAHFD gained weight and developed hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. After an 11-wk chow-reversal period, hepatic steatosis and some inflammatory parameters reversed. Combined evaluation of phenotypic, transcriptional, and histological parameters revealed the minipig model showed a higher resemblance to human disease than many rodent models.