Mass Duration Research Articles

Efektivitas Terapi Relaksasi Hand Massage Dalam Mengurangi Kecemasan Pra-Operasi Pada Pasien Kistektomi: Studi Kasus

Background: A study showed that 23.99% of patients experienced severe preoperative anxiety and had adverse effects such as increased blood pressure, contraction of arteries, tachycardia, decreased pressure in some tissues which stimulates the sympathetic nervous system which will affect the healing process, so treatment is necessary pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. Hand massage is a non-pharmacological way to reduce anxiety. Objective: To measure the effect of hand massage relaxation therapy on anxiety levels in pre-cystectomy patients. Method: This research is a case study with nursing intervention carried out, namely hand massage relaxation therapy on the level of anxiety in Mrs. R pre-operative cystectomy patients for 3 days with a massage duration of 15 minutes and evaluation of anxiety scores using the HARS assessment. Results: The results of this study showed that there was a decrease in anxiety levels using the HARS score from scale 18 with mild anxiety on the first day and scale 7 with no anxiety on the third day. A decrease in the HARS score of 11 indicates that hand massage therapy is effective in reducing anxiety in pre-operative patients. Conclusion: These findings indicate that hand massage therapy can be an effective intervention to reduce pre-operative patient anxiety.

Thyroid masses in Sierra Leone: a one-year retrospective clinico- pathological study

INTRODUCTION: Thyroid disorders are the second most common endocrine diseases in humans. There has been no study of thyroid masses in our setting in spite of recurrent presentations. We undertook a retrospective study of incident thyroidectomy cases in our anatomic pathology laboratory over one year to establish the frequency and clinico-pathologic features of thyroid masses.
 METHODS: All thyroid specimens submitted to the anatomic pathology laboratory of the University of Sierra Leone Teaching Hospital Connaught from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021, were included in the study. Data was extracted from archived request forms, pathology reports, and patient’s case notes retrieved from the records department. The data obtained was analyzed with SPSS software.
 RESULTS: Twenty-seven thyroidectomy specimens (4.5% of all surgical pathology cases) were seen over a one-year period. Ninety-two percent were from women, while 7.4% were from men. The age range of patients was 17 to 65 years; the median age (IQR) was 40 (35-48) years. Duration of mass before presentation ranged from 3 months to 50 years. About 75% of the resected thyroid masses weighed 5 to 21 times more than a normal thyroid gland. Multinodular goiter was the most common histology (70.4%). Twenty-two percent of the resected masses were malignant.
 CONCLUSION: Thyroid masses constitute about 4.5% of all surgical specimens in our laboratory. Most thyroid masses are borne for years with no serious consequences. Some of the resected masses were up to 20 times the size of a normal gland. The frequency of malignant diagnoses in thyroid masses was 22.5%.

Differential Effects of Classical vs. Sports Massage on Erector Spinae and Upper Trapezius Muscle Stiffness: A Shear-Wave Elastography Study in Young Women.

Classical and sports massages are commonly used interventions, but their comparative effects on muscle stiffness remain unclear. Classical massage is more general and uses light to moderate pressure, and its main purpose is relaxation. Sports massage, on the other hand, is more specialized and targets the unique needs of massaged individuals using moderate to firm pressure. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of classical and sports massages on the stiffness of the erector spinae (ES) and upper trapezius (UT) muscles. Fifteen recreationally active young women, aged 22.9 ± 1.2 years, underwent a randomized cross-over study (with three conditions). Participants received either a five-minute classical or sports massage or a passive rest as a control on distinct days. Muscle stiffness was assessed using shear-wave elastography. The ES shear modulus displayed a significant time effect (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.515) without noticeable differences between the conditions, and the time × massage-type interactions approached statistical significance (F = 2.014; p = 0.073). There was also a large and statistically significant effect of the time on the UT (F = 11.127; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.443). We could not prove that classical and sports massages reduced muscle stiffness. The absence of significant differences might be attributed to the specific intervention parameters (massage duration of 5 min) and the small, only young women sample size. Given some tendencies towards significant effects, larger sample sizes are needed to further investigate this research question.

The Indonesian consumer perspective on the massage industry: A conjoint analysis approach.

The massage industry has been in the market for more than thousands of years. Consumers purchase massage services to treat illnesses, alleviate pain, or improve well-being. Despite the popularity of this industry and the benefits it entails, consumers' preferences vary and massage parlors' stakeholders have inconsistent market segmentation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate consumer preferences toward massage services offered by massage parlors in Indonesia through conjoint analysis. Conjoint analysis' orthogonal design concentrated on stimuli preferences and it was further supported by generating 1.000 consistency and reliability based on Kendall Tau's holdout. A total of 212 respondents answered the online questionnaire voluntarily. The results showed that the Google rating was the most important attribute (68.5%), followed by the gender of the massage therapist (12.4%), the type of massage (9.6%), the type of room (4.5%), the duration (3.6%) and the price (1.4%). Moreover, this research assessed 27 stimuli and found that the best combination was employing female massage therapists, IDR 100k-150k price every session, 90 minutes massage duration, couple room with two beds, acupuncture and cupping massage type, and massage parlors with greater than 4.6 Google review rating. This present research was one of the first studies that explored unique and holistic massage services through conjoint analysis. Unlike the previous studies that only focused on one massage service attribute or did not provide specific levels for evaluated attributes, the conjoint's orthogonal design delivered a new perception of prioritizing both consumers and the business side as some would only focus on one or the other. Also, the findings could be useful for massage parlors' stakeholders in developing marketing strategies, enhancing operational strategies, and promoting customer satisfaction. Marketing tactics such as promotional discounts would inspire customers to provide an optimistic Google review. Business owners were encouraged to focus on giving the best experience starting with a well-trained massage therapist, clean and hygienic rooms, and quality materials. These theoretical and practical implications aid in building the massage parlor's credibility that could be perceived positively by consumers.

Effectiveness of Oriental Massage on Daily Living Activities of Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

INTRODUCTION Oriental massage can improve activities of daily living (ADL) and health outcomes in other chronic illness populations, yet similar studies are lacking in stroke populations. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of oriental massage on ADL in patients with stroke. METHODS This study was a systematic literature review and meta-analysis and searched the primary research studies published electronically in Thai and English through five databases: ThaiJO, Thai National Research Repository (TNRR), PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. We analyzed data using RevMan version 5.4 by forest plot graphs. The confidence interval was calculated at the 95% level, and the heterogeneity was tested by Cochran’s Q and I2. RESULTS We identified seven relevant studies that performed ADL on stroke patients after receiving Thai or Chinese massage therapy interventions. We found that Thai and Chinese massage were applied together, emphasizing pressing, rolling, squeezing, gripping, bending, and pulling and herbal compress, which can increase blood flow and reduce muscle spasms. These findings suggest that the duration of massage at 3-weeks and 6-weeks follow-ups can be restored and improve the ability to perform ADL in stroke patients.

Effleurage Massage using Rose Essential Oil in Reducing the Intensity of Dysmenorrhea Pain in Adolescent Girls

Background: Dysmenorrhea is pain in the lower abdomen during menstruation which is generally caused by contractions of the myometrium due to prostaglandin production. In Indonesia, 43-93% girls experiencing dysmenorrhea. Effleurage massage using rose essential oil is one of the non-pharmacological methods that can be used to reduce the intensity of pain during dysmenorrhea. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of effleurage massage using rose essential oil on the intensity of dysmenorrhea pain in adolescent girls. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a type of non-equivalent control group design. The sample in this study amounted to 24 people who would be divided into 4 treatment groups, namely treatment groups 1 and 2 given effleurage massage using rose essential oil and control groups 1 and 2 given effleurage massage using almond oil, with the duration of each group's massage for 15 minutes and 10 minutes. Data analysis was performed using the Two Way Anova test. Results: The most effective action in reducing the intensity of dysmenorha pain is effleurage massage using rose essential oil for 15 minutes based on the mean value of the Two Way Anova test which is 3.83, and the significance number for massage duration variable 0.015 (significant). Conclusion: The effleurage massage method using rose essential oil can be used as one of the non-pharmacological therapeutic methods in reducing the intensity of dysmenorrhea pain that is easy to apply, especially for adolescent girls when experiencing menstrual pain.

Pengaruh Metode Akupresur terhadap Lamanya Persalinan: A Systematic Review

Duration of the birth process can be a factor in the emergence of complications in the mother and fetus if the fetus has not been born after 12 hours since the active phase of labor. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the effect of the acupressure method on the duration of labor. The search for articles was carried out on the PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Library databases from January 2012 to January 2022 with the inclusion criteria of maternity mothers. The keywords used “Acupressure” AND “Duration of Labor”; “Acupressure” AND “Labor Duratin”. The results obtained 8 articles that match the inclusion criteria with 961 respondents. A total of 4 articles stated that acupressure could reduce the duration of the active phase of labor, 3 articles stated that acupressure could not reduce the duration of the active phase of labor, and 1 article stated that ear acupressure could reduce the duration of the active phase of labor, but body acupressure could not reduce the duration of the active phase of labor. The acupressure method can reduce the duration of the active phase of labor, so that it can be used as an alternative for women giving birth in the future. Further research can be carried out to develop research on the most effective type and duration of massage at one acupressure point to speed up the duration of labor.

Sentinel lymph node mapping with superparamagnetic iron oxide for melanoma: a pilot study in healthy participants to establish an optimal MRI workflow protocol

BackgroundCurrent pre-operative Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN) mapping using dual tracing is associated with drawbacks (radiation exposure, logistic challenges). Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) is a non-inferior alternative for SLN mapping in breast cancer patients. Limited research has been performed on SPIO use and pre-operative MRI in melanoma patients to identify SLNs. MethodsHealthy participants underwent MRI-scanning pre- and post SPIO-injection during 20 min. Workflow protocols varied in dosage, massage duration, route of administration and injection sites. The first lymph node showing a susceptibility artefact caused by SPIO accumulation was considered as SLN.ResultsArtefacts were identified in 5/6 participants. Two participants received a 0.5 ml subcutaneous injection and 30-s massage, of which one showed an artefact after one hour. Four participants received a 1.0 ml intracutaneous injection and two-minute massage, leading to artefacts in all participants. All SLNs were observed within five minutes, except after lower limb injection (30 min).ConclusionSPIO and pre-operative MRI-scanning seems to be a promising alternative for SLN visualization in melanoma patients. An intracutaneous injection of 1.0 ml SPIO tracer, followed by a two-minute massage seems to be the most effective technique, simplifying the pre-operative pathway. Result will be used in a larger prospective study with melanoma patients.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05054062) – September 9, 2021.

Reassessment of mitochondrial cyclophilin D as a target for improving cardiac arrest outcomes in the era of therapeutic hypothermia

Uncertainty exists regarding whether cyclophilin D (CypD), a mitochondrial matrix protein that plays a key role in ischemia-reperfusion injury, can be a pharmacological target for improving outcomes after cardiac arrest (CA), especially when therapeutic hypothermia is used. Using CypD knockout mice (CypD-/-), we investigated the effects of loss of CypD on short-term and medium-term outcomes after CA. CypD-/- mice or their wild-type (WT) littermates underwent either 5 minute CA followed by resuscitation with and/or without hypothermia at 33°C-34°C (targeted temperature reached within minutes after resuscitation), or a sham procedure. Brain and cardiac injury were assessed using echocardiography, neurological scores, MRI and biomarkers. Seven day survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier estimates. The rate of restoration of spontaneous circulation was significantly higher in CypD-/- mice (with shorter cardiac massage duration) than in WT mice (P < 0.05). Loss of CypD significantly attenuated CA-induced release of troponin and S100ß protein, and limited myocardial dysfunction at 150 minutes after CA. Loss of CypD combined with hypothermia led to the best neurological and MRI scores at 24 hours and highest survival rates at 7 days compared to other groups (P < 0.05). In animals successfully resuscitated, loss of CypD had no benefits on day 7 survival while hypothermia was highly protective. Pharmacological inhibition of CypD with cyclosporine A combined with hypothermia provided similar day 7 survival than loss of CypD combined with hypothermia. CypD is a viable target to improve success of cardiopulmonary resuscitation but its inhibition is unlikely to improve long-term outcomes, unless therapeutic hypothermia is associated.

Improvement of the technology of fatty acids obtaining from oil and fat production waste

Fatty acids are an important component in the pharmaceutical, food, chemical industries. The production of various types of products requires a certain purity and quality of fatty acids. To obtain these compounds, it is promising to use soapstocks, which are waste products of alkaline refining of oils. The peculiarity of the work lies in determining the effect of the process parameters of soapstock decomposition with sulfuric acid on the saponification number, which is an important production characteristic of fatty acids. The study used sunflower soapstock according to DSTU 5033 (CAS 68952-95-4) with a mass fraction of total fat of 69.5 %, fatty acids – 64.5 %. The soapstock was treated with a sulfuric acid solution at a temperature of 90 °C, the process duration was 40 min. Rational parameters of soapstock treatment were determined: concentration of sulfuric acid in the reaction mass is 80 %, concentration of an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid – 50 %. In the experiment interval, the settling duration of the reaction mass does not affect the saponification number of fatty acids. The settling time of 1 hour is effective for the isolation of fatty acids. Under these conditions, the saponification number of fatty acids was 186.4 mg KOH/g. The acids correspond to fatty acids of the first grade according to DSTU 4860 (CAS 61788-66-7): mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances – 1.2 %, mass fraction of total fat – 97.5 %, cleavage depth – 95.0 % oleic acid. The obtained data allow rational and most efficient use of the reagent – sulfuric acid. The results of the work make it possible to reduce the duration of fatty acids obtaining from soapstocks, since the efficiency of the process with the minimum duration of mass settling has been confirmed. The improved technology of soapstock decomposition makes it possible to obtain a valuable product – high-quality fatty acids under rational conditions

The acute effect of different massage durations on squat jump, countermovement jump and flexibility performance in muay thai athletes

Background and Study Aim. Muay thai is a combat sport in which the competitors kick, punch, knee, elbow and growl with their opponents. The strength of the leg muscles can increase the intensity of the kick and its flexibility is a well-known issue for this sport. Determining the most appropriate method for these issues provides important gains to the athletes. One of the methods applied to achieve these gains is acute massage applications. The aim of the study is to evaluate the acute effect of different massage times on squat jump, countermovement jump and flexibility performance.&#x0D; Materials and Methods. Twelve healthy male muay thai athletes (age, 19.83± 1.46 years; height, 175.33± 7.91 cm; body mass, 65.16 ±13.36 kg) participated in the study, who exercised three times a week. The study consists of a single group. The study consists of 4 different massage duration protocols. These protocols consist of no massage (NM), five minutes massage (5MMSG), ten minutes massage (10MMSG) and fifteen minutes massage (15MMSG). Counter movement jump, squat jump, sitting and lying flexibility were measured after each massage period, respectively. All protocols were continued on consecutive days.&#x0D; Results. There was a significant main effect for flexibility (F = 10,872 ; p = 0.00), countermovement jump (F = 4.719 p=.008) and squat jump (F = 6.262 p=.002) performance. The best flexibility, countermovement jump and squat jump performance detected immediately after 5MMSG was respectively 35,16 ± 6,33; 37,17 ± 4,18 and next, 36,05 ± 4,68.&#x0D; Conclusion. As a result, it is recommended that different massage durations are effective in improving physical performance, and 5MMSG before competition is recommended for athletes and coaches to get more performance.

Comparing the Effect of Hand and Foot Reflexology Massages on the Severity of Nausea, Vomiting and Ileus in patients after Abdominal Surgery

Background: Common clinical problems after surgery include nausea, vomiting and ileus that many patients complain of after their surgery. These complications can delay the patient's discharge from hospital. Nowadays, to reduce drug side effects, the use of complementary medicine, including reflexology, has received a great deal of attention. Aim: To compare the effect of hand and foot reflexology massages on the severity of nausea, vomiting and ileus in patients after abdominal surgery. Methods: This is a clinical trial study that was conducted between 2013 and 2015 in the emergency surgical departments of Imam Reza (AS) and Ghaem (AS) hospitals in Mashhad. The samples of this study included 90 women with cholecystitis and appendicitis who met the inclusion criteria. In this study, patients were randomly divided into 3 groups of hand reflexology massage, foot reflexology massage and control. To check the digestive status, gastrointestinal sounds were checked every hour using a clinical stethoscope. Also, information on gas and feces elimination was collected and recorded every hour. The intervention was performed 1 and 12 hours after the surgery. In both groups of hands and foot reflexology massages, after general massage of the hands and feet, the areas related to the abdominal distension and removal of the ileus were pressed. It should be noted that, the duration of massage for each person was 10 minutes (20 minutes in total). Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, two-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the mean score of severity of nausea before the intervention between the three groups (p = 0.90), but after the intervention a significant difference was observed in the mean score of severity of nausea between the three groups (p=0.002). Also, the result of ANOVA test with repeated measure showed a statistically significant difference in the mean score of nausea by group and stage (p&lt;0.001). There was also no statistically significant difference in the frequency of vomiting severity between the three groups after the intervention. However, at 4 and 24 hours after the intervention, a statistically significant difference was observed between the three groups in that regard. Conclusion: The results showed that both types of hand and foot reflexology massage has positive effects on nausea and return of gastrointestinal movements, so nurses can use reflexology as a non-pharmacological and complementary method to reduce the severity of nausea and return gastrointestinal movements in postoperative patients. Since the reflexology had little or no effect on the severity of vomiting and the acceleration of gastrointestinal movements in patients, further studies in this area are recommended. Keywords: Reflexology, Pain, Nausea and vomiting, Ileus, Surgery

Differences in The Effectiveness of Oxytocin Massage and Major Pectoralist Massage Towards Acceleration of Breast Milk Expenditure in Postpartum Mothers in PMB Ngadila Sobirin Malang District

Breastmilk (ASI) is a staple food that can be given to a newborn for growth and development of the baby for his survival. Therefore, almost 80% of mothers who give birth are able to produce enough milk for the needs of their babies. Psychological factors because there is a belief from the mother that she cannot provide breast milk which will cause a decrease in the hormone oxytocin so that breast milk cannot come out immediately after birth, so the mother takes the decision to give formula milk. The research objective in this study was to analyze the difference in the effectiveness of oxytocin massage and pectoralis major muscle massage on the acceleration of breastfeeding in postpartum mothers. The number of respondents in each group was 20 people with criteria such as postpartum mothers before 2 hours, breastfeeding did not come out at all, mothers gave normal birth. Both groups were checked for the smooth release of breast milk on which day by observation. This study used a true experiment design with a postest-only control design approach. The independent variables in this study were oxytocin massage and pectoralis major muscle massage which was carried out 2 times a day massage with a massage duration of 2-3 minutes for 5 days, while the dependent variable was the speed of expressing breastmilk which occurred on what number of days postpartum. The results showed that the U value was 122 and the W value was 375. When converted to Z value, the value was -2.593. Sig value or P value 0.010 &lt;0.05 means that there is a significant difference between the 2 groups, namely oxytocin massage is more effective in accelerating breastfeeding.

The effect of massage therapy on fatigue after chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients.

Gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy usually suffer from fatigue, which may affect different aspects of their lives. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of massage therapy on fatigue after chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients. In this quasi-experimental study, 88 gastrointestinal cancer patients were randomly allocated into two groups of intervention and control. Patients received the chemotherapy for 3h. The intervention group received four sessions of foot massage with an interval of 40min during the chemotherapy. The massage duration was 7min for each foot. Fatigue was measured using the visual analogue scale to evaluate fatigue severity just after and 24h after the chemotherapy. Friedman and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data. The mean age of patients was 59/18 ± 9/35, and the most common type of cancer was gastric cancer (40%). There was a significant difference in the mean score of fatigue between the two groups immediately after (P > 0.001) and 24h after chemotherapy (P < 0.001). In the intervention group, fatigue score decreased gradually (P = 0.031), while it increased in the control group (P = 0.001). This study demonstrated that foot massage, as a simple method, could reduce chemotherapy-induced fatigue.

Effect of pre-cesarean foot reflexology massage on anxiety of primiparous women.

Introduction Anxiety is a common feeling in cesarean section and lack of attention to it is associated with negative consequences for health of mother and child. Reflexology is a way to reduce anxiety. So far, the effect of reflexology on pre-cesarean anxiety has not been evaluated. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of pre-cesarean foot reflexology massage on the anxiety of women during their first pregnancy. Materials and Methods This study is a three-group clinical trial that was conducted in 2019. The study sample consisted of 90 pregnant women hospitalized for cesarean section in Zahedan who were randomly divided into three groups of 30 women. The subjects completed the state section of Spielberger anxiety questionnaire. The control group did not receive any intervention. For two groups, 1 h before surgery, a group received reflexive massage, and the another group simple massage. Duration of massage for each group was 30 min. After 30 min, the subjects completed the state section of Spielberger questionnaire again. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software program, version 21.0. ANOVA and ANCOVA tests were used to compare between groups and paired t-test was used for intra-group comparisons. Results The results showed that the level of anxiety was significantly reduced in the reflexology massage group (from 55 ± 8 to 40 ± 7) as well as simple massage group (from 51 ± 10 to 47 ± 7) (p<0.001). In the control group, anxiety was increased (from 49 ± 9 to 56 ± 9) (p<0.001). Comparison between the three groups by ANCOVA indicated that reflexology massage and simple massage significantly decreased anxiety scores (p>0.001 and p>0.001,respectively). Reflexive massage significantly reduced anxiety scores (p>0.001) as compared to simple massage. Conclusion The results of this study revealed the positive effect of reflexology massage on pre-cesarean anxiety. Because reflexology massage is an inexpensive, simple, and easy approach, the use of this non-pharmaceutical method is recommended to reduce pre-cesarean anxiety.

Hand Or Foot Reflexology To Relieve Pain Postpartum: A Systematic Review

Background: Many previous studies have discussed hand and foot reflexology which is useful for reducing postpartum pain. However, previous studies presented different results related to foot massage, time and pain changes, so that in this systematic review aimed at supporting non-pharmacological nursing interventions of the hands and feet reflexology associated with postpartum enhancement by looking at these three types namely : duration of massage, time of massage and changes in pain. Objective: This study aims to analyze the duration, time, and results of hand or foot reflexology in reducing maternal postpartum pain. Methods: A systematic review through maternity nursing articles to analyze the effects of hand or foot reflexology in reducing postpartum pain. Search articles using electronic databases namely Sciene Direct, Pubmed, PMC, Google Schoolar and Scopus. Articles that meet the inclusion criteria will be collected and analyzed systematically. Results: In a systematic review it is explained that hand or foot reflexology can reduce postpartum maternal pain but in the duration and timing of the intervention still need consideration from further researchers. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, hand or foot reflexology is recommended to reduce pain, specifically postpartum pain

Abstract 297: Mitochondrial Cyclophilin D as a Target for Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation: Insight From Knockout Mice

Introduction: Solid evidence support that cyclophilin D (CypD), which promotes the lethal opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), is involved in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury, including after cardiac arrest (CA). However, a recent trial (CYRUS study) showed that cyclosporine A, the reference mPTP inhibitor (via its binding to CypD), failed to limit the severity of the post-CA syndrome, raising the question of whether CypD is a viable target for protection in CA. Therefore, we aimed to reassess the role of CypD in CA resuscitation using CypD knockout mice. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that CypD is a target of interest for CA treatment. Methods: Wild type (WT) or CypD knockout (CypD -/- ) mice underwent 5 minutes of asphyxia-induced CA followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Additional mice were treated with therapeutic hypothermia (32-34°C) as the gold standard intervention to confer protection after CA. In a first set of experiments, animals were euthanized after 2 hours of reperfusion for biochemical and mitochondrial assays. In a second set of experiments, animals were observed for up to 7 days for survival and neurological status. Results: All animals underwent similar durations of asphyxia before CA. Rate of ROSC was significantly higher in CypD -/- group (with a shorter cardiac massage duration) compared to WT group (p&lt;0.05). CA-induced myocardial dysfunction and increase in plasma levels of troponin were both attenuated by CypD deletion (p&lt;0.05 versus WT) without additional benefits of hypothermia. CypD -/- mice exhibited significantly less brain damage than WT. CypD deletion prevented both CA-induced mPTP opening and respiration impairment in isolated brain mitochondria (p&lt;0.05 versus WT). Short-term survival (24 hours) was significantly higher in CypD -/- than WT mice (p&lt;0.05). Only therapeutic hypothermia significantly improved both short-term and neurological intact survival at day 7 after CA compared to WT (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that CypD remains a potential major target to improve resuscitability and early but not long-term outcomes. Supplementary interventions, such as therapeutic hypothermia, are needed to enhance long-term recovery.

The effects of oncology massage on symptom self-report for cancer patients and their caregivers.

Massage has shown benefit for symptomatic relief in cancer patients and their caregivers. We explored the effects of a single massage session on self-reported symptoms in an outpatient clinic at a comprehensive cancer center. Patients and caregivers receiving oncology massage treatments (30 or 60-min duration) at our Integrative Medicine Center outpatient clinic from September 2012 to January 2015 completed the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS; 0-10 scale, 10 most severe) pre and post massage. ESAS individual items and subscales of physical distress (PHS), psychological distress (PSS), and global distress (GDS) were analyzed. We used paired t tests with a p value correction (i.e., p<.001) to examine symptoms pre/post massage. Initial massage visits for 343 patients and 87 caregivers were analyzed. The highest symptom burdens (means) at baseline for patients were sleep 4.22, fatigue 3.57, and pain 2.94; for caregivers, sleep 3.77, well-being 3.01, and pain 2.59. Although patients reported significantly greater global distress and physical symptoms (p<.0001) compared to caregivers at baseline, groups did not differ in regard to psychological symptom burden (p=.66) and individual symptom scores (e.g., pain, sleep, spiritual pain). Massage therapy was associated with statistically (p<.0001) and clinically significant improvements in symptoms of pain, fatigue, anxiety, well-being, and sleep and ESAS subscales for both patients and caregivers. Greater massage duration (30 vs 60min) did not lead to greater symptom reduction. Patients and caregivers reported a moderately high symptom burden. A single massage treatment resulted in acute relief of self-reported symptoms in both groups. Further study is warranted regarding optimal massage dose and frequency.

Oncology massage impact on patient with cancer and caregiver self-reported symptoms as part of an integrative oncology program at a comprehensive cancer center.

79 Background: Massage as a manual therapy has shown benefit for symptomatic relief in patients with cancer and their caregivers. We explored the impact of a single massage session on self-reported symptoms in an outpatient clinic at a comprehensive cancer center. Methods: Patients and caregivers received oncology massage treatments (30 or 60-min duration) at our Integrative Medicine Center outpatient clinic from Sep 2012-Jan 2015. Participants completed a modified Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS; 0-10 scale, 10 most severe) pre- and post-massage. ESAS individual items and subscales scores of Physical Distress (PHS), Psychological Distress (PSS), and Global Distress (GSD) were analyzed. We used paired t-tests with a Bonferroni correction (i.e., p &lt; .001) to examine pre/post massage self-reported symptoms. Results: Initial massage visits for 164 patients and 39 caregivers were analyzed. Highest symptoms burden (means) at baseline for patients were Sleep 3.93, Fatigue 3.70, and poor sense of Well-Being 3.62; for caregivers Distress 4.14, Sadness 3.43, and Sleep 3.21. Although patients reported significantly more physical symptoms (F = 27.56, P &lt; .0001) compared to caregivers at baseline, groups did not differ in regard to psychological symptom burden (P = .75). Massage therapy was associated with significant improvements in PHS, PSS, and GSD for both patients and caregivers at P &lt; .0001. Including participants with symptom report ≥ 1, massage resulted in a clinically significant improvement (reduction ≥ 1) in pain, fatigue, sleep, distress, dry mouth, sadness, numbness, anxiety, wellbeing for patients; pain, fatigue, distress, sadness, numbness, anxiety, wellbeing for caregivers. Regarding massage duration, there were no significant effects for 30 vs 60-min duration on pre/post ESAS difference scores. Conclusions: A single 30- or 60-minute massage session resulted in acute relief of self-reported symptoms in patients and caregivers. Further study is warranted regarding optimal massage dose and frequency.

The Effect of Effleurage Massage Duration on Sleep Quality Improvement

The Effect of Effleurage Massage Duration on Sleep Quality Improvement