Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale Research Articles

Psychosocial Loads Caused by Covid-19 Pandemic on Obstetricians and Gynecologists. A Scale Study

Introduction: The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has caused a worldwide pandemic. The pandemic created a heavy psychological burden on healthcare workers. Healthcare providers in obstetrics and gynecology faced similar challenges. Aim: This study studied obstetricians' and gynecologists' psychosocial burdens and concerns due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Participants of the study consisted of obstetricians and gynecologists. They reached through social media using the snowball sampling technique. This is a survey and scale study. The researchers created the survey. The survey questioned the demographic characteristics of the participants and the problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, three different scales were applied to the participants: Maslach Burnout Inventory, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. Results: The statistically significant difference was found for Maslach Burnout Inventory Personal Achievement and Maslach Burnout Inventory General. Maslach Burnout Inventory Depersonalization and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale scores of the participants working in pandemic hospitals were statistically significantly higher than those not working in these hospitals. According to the MANOVA results, independent variables explained 35% of the variance in the Maslach Burnout Inventory General scale, 51% in the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and 53% in the overall Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Conclusion: Healthcare personnel who provide obstetric and gynecologic services have faced unique challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to the difficulties experienced by other healthcare workers.

Association of Job Characteristics and Burnout of Healthcare Workers in Different Positions in Rural China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: Health workers in rural primary care systems are at increased risk of job burnout, but their associations with different positions have received scant attention in the literature. Thus, this study aims to measure job burnout in different positions in rural China and to identify factors associated with it. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a total of 15,627 participants from six provinces in China. And job burnout was measured using the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale (MBI-GS). Multilevel regression analyses were used in examining factors potentially associated with job burnout in different positions. Results: Overall, more than half of providers suffered from moderate burnout. The degree of job burnout varied among different positions. Middle managers showed higher levels personal stress, while general staff showed the lowest interpersonal and self-evaluation dimensions of burnout. Job duty, job capability, job treatment, and career advancement are potential factors affecting these results. Conclusion: Interventions aimed at providing appropriate training and development opportunities, developing relevant career planning and management strategies, and implementing reasonable staffing and job design may be promising strategies for alleviating burnout in different positions and improving health system performance.

Associated factors of burnout among Chinese vaccination staff during COVID-19 epidemic: A cross-sectional study.

During the COVID-19 epidemic, vaccination staff had three main aspects of work: routine vaccination for children and adults, COVID-19 vaccination and COVID-19 prevention and control. All these works significantly increased the workload of vaccination staff. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of burnout among vaccination staff in Hangzhou, China. A total of 501 vaccination staff from 201 community/township healthcare centers in Hangzhou were recruited using a cross-sectional survey through WeChat social platform. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale (MBI-GS) was used to assess the level of burnout. Descriptive statistics were made on the characteristics of participants. Univariate analysis using the chi-square test and multivariable analysis using binary logistic regression were conducted to determine the relative predictors of burnout. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to determine the relative predictors of exhaustive emotion, cynicism, and personal accomplishment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 20.8% of the vaccination staff experienced burnout. Educational level above undergraduate education level, medium professional title, and more working time in COVID-19 vaccination work reported a higher degree of job burnout. The vaccination staff was experiencing a high degree of exhaustive emotion, cynicism, and low personal accomplishment. Professional title, working place, and working time for COVID-19 vaccination were associated with exhaustive emotion and cynicism. Professional title and participation time for COVID-19 prevention and control were associated with personal accomplishment. Our findings suggest that the prevalence rate of burnout is high among vaccination staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially with a low level of personal accomplishment. Psychological intervention for vaccination staff is urgently needed.

Effects of mindfulness decompression therapy on mental health and job burnout among nurses working in the frontline of the novel coronavirus pandemic: A retrospective study.

As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread worldwide, nucleic acid detection is a key step in controlling it. Psychological issues and job burnout of nurses working in nucleic acid sampling roles for long periods have become apparent. This study aimed to explore the effects of mindfulness decompression therapy on mental health and job burnout in front-line nurses working in nucleic acid sampling during the pandemic. Nucleic acid sampling frontline nurses who were positive for burnout on both the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale (MBI-GS) were selected as the participants. Frontline nurses in the nucleic acid testing area who received routine psychological nursing intervention from June 2020 to April 2021 were used as the control group. Nurses who received both routine psychological nursing and mindfulness decompression therapy from May 2021 to December 2021 formed the "mindfulness" subject group. We compared the two groups' primary outcome measures of SCL-90 and MBI-GS scores. Before the intervention, there were no significant differences between the two groups in general data, SCL-90 scores, and MBI-GS scores. After the mindfulness decompression therapy, according to SCL-90 and MBI-GS scales, psychological distress and job burnout of nurses in the mindfulness group were significantly better than those in the control group. Mindfulness decompression therapy can effectively improve mental health and relieve job burnout in frontline nurses in nucleic acid sampling areas, which is worthy of clinical application. Randomized controlled trials are still needed, however, to fully confirm the effects of mindfulness decompression therapy.

Psychological Status and Job Burnout of Nurses Working in the Frontline of the Novel Coronavirus in China During the Delta Variant Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

PurposeInvestigating psychological status and job burnout of nurses working in the frontline of the novel coronavirus in Zhangjiajie city in China during the Delta variant outbreak, comparing differences and analyzing factors of these two variables between the nurses from different nucleic acid testing (NAT) sites.Patients and methodsThis survey was conducted from August 1 to 31, 2021. The participants were 512 nurses, 198 nurses of whom were from temporary NAT sites in communities/towns in Zhangjiajie city, and the rest were from NAT sites inside hospitals. The psychological status and the job burnout were measured by the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale (MBI-GS).ResultsThe prevalence of the SCL-90 positive result and job burnout were 49.4% and 61.1%, respectively. The factors influencing the psychological status of nurses included the contact with COVID-19 patients or their body fluids and specimens, working seniority and the duration of working in the frontline of the novel coronavirus. The independent risk factors of nurses’ job burnout included the following four factors. Firstly, the contact with COVID-19 patients or their body fluids and specimens (OR=150.95, 95% CI=(44.87,507.77), P<0.001). Secondly, five to nine years of working seniority (OR=8.91, 95% CI=(3.59,22.14), P<0.001). Thirdly, 10 to 19 days (OR=2.63, 95% CI=(1.19,5.82), P=0.017), 20 to 29 days (OR=161.31, 95% CI=(49.48,525.9), P<0.001). Lastly, more than 30 days (OR=92.05, 95% CI=(33.88,250.14), P<0.001) of working in the frontline of the novel coronavirus.ConclusionThe prevalence of psychological problems and job burnout were at a high level among nurses working in the frontline of the novel coronavirus in different NAT sites. The nurses from NAT sites inside hospitals and temporary NAT sites in communities/towns in Zhangjiajie city had an equal risk of developing psychological problems and job burnout. Interventions need to be immediately implemented to promote psychological well-being and decrease job burnout of nurses.

More public health service providers are experiencing job burnout than clinical care providers in primary care facilities in China

BackgroundHealth workers are at high risk of job burnout. Primary care in China has recently expanded its scope of services to a broader range of public health services in addition to clinical care. This study aims to measure the prevalence of burnout and identify its associated factors among clinical care and public health service providers at primary care facilities.MethodsA cross-sectional survey (2018) was conducted among 17,816 clinical care and public health service providers at 701 primary care facilities from six provinces. Burnout was measured by the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale, and multilevel linear regression analysis was conducted to identify burnout’s association with demographics, as well as occupational and organisational factors.ResultsOverall, half of the providers (50.09%) suffered from burnout. Both the presence of burnout and the proportion of severe burnout among public health service providers (58.06% and 5.25%) were higher than among clinical care providers (47.55% and 2.26%, respectively). Similar factors were associated with burnout between clinical care and public health service providers. Younger, male, lower-educated providers and providers with intermediate professional title, permanent contract or higher working hours were related to a higher level of burnout. Organisational environment, such as the presence of a performance-based salary system, affected job burnout.ConclusionsJob burnout is prevalent among different types of primary care providers in China, indicating the need for actions that encompass the entirety of primary care. We recommend strengthening the synergy between clinical care and public health services and transforming the performance-based salary system into a more quality-based system that includes teamwork incentives.

Sleep Quality as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Job Burnout Among Chinese Nurses: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

Background: Job burnout has become an increasing prevailing phenomenon among nurses in both developed and developing countries. There is a paucity of research exploring the relationship between perceived stress (i.e., the level of one's perception or appraisal of stress rather than objective stressful events) and job burnout and no existing literature examining the mediating role of sleep quality in the relationship between these two constructs. The objective of the study was to examine if sleep quality mediates the relationship between perceived stress and job burnout.Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from a total of 1,013 nurses working in six public tertiary hospitals in China. The self-administered questionnaire included demographic information, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Perceived Stress Scale. Hierarchical multiple regression (HMR) analyses were performed to examine the contribution of each covariate to the prediction of job burnout. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test whether the proposed relationships between variables involved existed.Results: Both perceived stress and poor sleep quality exhibited strong positive associations with job burnout among Chinese nurses. The SEM analysis confirmed the direct pathway from perceived stress to burnout and the indirect pathway mediated by sleep quality. The direct effect of perceived stress on job burnout was found to be statistically significant and positive (β = 0.69, p < 0.05). There existed statistically significant effects of sleep quality on both perceived stress (β = 0.48) and job burnout (β = 0.29). The path coefficients of perceived stress on job burnout were significantly reduced (β = 0.56) when sleep quality was modeled as a mediator. The bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap test revealed that sleep quality had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between perceived stress and job burnout (a * b = 0.139, BCa 95%, CI: 0.110~0.174).Conclusion: Perceived stress might exert significant effects on burnout both directly and indirectly through the mediating role of sleep quality. Efforts to reduce burnout among nurses in clinical settings may benefit from interventions for coping with perceived stress and practices for promoting healthy sleep.

Recovery experiences mediate the effect of burnout on life satisfaction among Chinese physicians: a structural equation modeling analysis.

Recovery experiences not only make it possible for individuals to restore their energy resources and return to pre-stressor levels but also contribute to the formation of their subjective well-being. This paper investigates the effect of burnout on life satisfaction among Chinese physicians who are frequently confronted with a considerable number of work-related stressors and examines the mediating role of recovery experiences in the relationship between burnout and life satisfaction. A total of 642 physicians working in five public tertiary hospitals in China responded to a self-administered questionnaire including demographic information, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale, and the Recovery Experience Questionnaire. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the incremental variance of any given set of independent variables. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the presumed relationships between variables involved. Asymptotic and resampling strategies were used to examine the mediating effects of recovery experiences in the relationship between burnout and life satisfaction. Burnout and recovery experiences were important predictors of life satisfaction and the direct effect of burnout on life satisfaction was statistically significant and negative and the path coefficients of burnout with life satisfaction were significantly decreased when recovery experiences were modeled as mediators. Findings of the study highlight the importance of promoting recovery experiences to reduce burnout and improve life satisfaction among physicians rather than focusing on the less easily modifiable work-related stressors.

Job Burnout Among Primary Healthcare Workers in Rural China: A Multilevel Analysis.

The health workers in rural primary care systems are at the increasing risk of job burnout. To explore the prevalence and associated factors of the job burnout among the primary healthcare worker in rural China, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 15,627 participants in 459 township hospitals from six provinces. A combination of stratified multi-stage sampling and cluster sampling method, and a self-administrated questionnaire with the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale (MBI-GS) were used in the investigation. Multilevel regression analyses were used to examine the potential associated factors on both individual and organisational levels. 47.6% of respondents were experiencing moderate burnout, and 3.3% were in severe burnout. Professionals working for over 40 h per week, at young age, with a college degree, and with professional titles at medium or high rank reported a higher degree of job burnout. At the institutional level, the high ratio of performance-based salary was associated with a higher level of depersonalization. Burnout has become prevalent among the primary healthcare workers in rural China, and multiple strategies are needed to reduce the work stress and some high-risk groups’ vulnerability to job burnout.

Public service stress and burnout over 12 months.

Research indicates that workplace stress has the potential to harm employee health with stress and stress-related absence increasing significantly during economic recession and times of organizational change. To explore whether psychosocial hazards and burnout changed over a 12 month period in a public sector organization during a period of severely reduced organizational finances. The Management Standards Indicator Tool (MSIT) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale (MBI-GS) were administered to employees of one local government department in July 2011 and July 2012. A total of 128 employees completed the questionnaires in July 2011 (response rate 67%) and 57 in July 2012 (response rate 54%). MSIT factor scores of demands, peer support and role worsened significantly over the period of study. Furthermore, all psychosocial hazards scored worse than the recommended level set by Health and Safety Executive. Two burnout dimensions, 'demands' and 'cynicism', significantly worsened over the 12 month period but professional efficacy increased. The MSIT and MBI-GS appeared to have utility in this comparison. Psychosocial hazards appeared to worsen over the 12 months of the study, as 'demands' and 'cynicism' increased. However, an increase in professional efficacy was also seen, which requires further investigation.

Effects of adult attachment and life orientation style on job burnout among nurses

Objective To explore the relationship of adult attachment, life orientation style and job burnout among nurses. Methods Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) and Experience of close relationships (ECR) inventory were used to measure 566 nurses' adult attachment. Life orientation test (LOT-R) and Maslach's Burnout Inventory-General Scale (MBI-GS) were administrated to measure subjects' optimism, pessimism, and job burnout. Results ①Distribution of adult attachment style in nurses were 36% for secure, 29.3% for dismissing, 18.4% for preoccupied and 6.7% for fearful.②Attachment avoidance were positive correlated with pessimism (r=0.139) and negative correlated with optimism (r=-0.212) significantly; and there was significant positive correlation between attachment avoidance and ineffectiveness (r=0.122) also. Attachment anxiety was positively related to pessimism (r=0.151), and three indexes of job burnout (r=0.238, 0.281, 0.143 respectively). Meanwhile, there were significant negative correlations among optimism and job burnout indexes (r=-0.12, -0.193, -0.230). ③There were significant differences among four attachment groups on optimism and pessimism. For job burnout, the four groups had significant differences only on depersonalization, instead of ineffectiveness and emotion exhaustion. ④ Regression analysis suggested that attachment anxious was a valid positive predictor of job burnout, while optimism was a negative predictor. Conclusion Both adult attachment and life orientation style are contributed to job burnout among nurses. Key words: Adult attachment; Optimism; Pessimism; Job burnout

Effects of adult attachment and coping style on job burnout of nurses

Objective To explore the relationship of adult attachment, coping style and job burnout among nurses. Methods Relationship Questionnaire(RQ) and Experience of close relationships(ECR) inventory were used to measure 360 nurses' adult attachment.Coping style scale and Maslach's Burnout Inventory-General Scale were used to measure subjects' coping strategies and job burnout. Results ①Distribution of adult attachment style in nurses were: 103 for secure, 86 for dismissing, 67 for preoccupied and 21 for fearful. ② There was significant positive correlation between attachment avoidance and denying the problem and mental disengagement(r=0.136); attachment anxiety was positively related to denying the problem and mental disengagement(r=0.386), and to avoiding the problems and shifting attention(r=0.347). ③ Attachment avoidance was significantly related to depersonalization(r=0.147); there were significant positive correlations between attachment anxiety and emotion exhaustion(r=0.362) and depersonalization(r=0.390). ④ There were no significant differences among four attachment groups on seeking emotional support and venting of emotions, avoiding the problems and shifting attention, and emotion exhaustion, ineffectiveness.⑤Regression analysis suggested that emotion exhaustion can be predicted by attachment anxiety and denying the problem and mental disengagement, while ineffectiveness only can be predicted by active coping focused on the problems. Conclusion Both adult attachment and coping style are contributed to job burnout among nurses. Key words: Adult attachment; Coping style; Job burnout; Nurses

Analysis of job burnout condition of emergency nurses and its related factors

Objective To investigate the job burnout status of emergency nurses and its related factors.Methods Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale (MBI-GS) and Nurse Stressor Scale were used to investigate job burnout and job stress conditions by selecting 21 nurses from the emergency department,21 nurses from the big medicine systems and 21 nurses from the big surgical systems.Results The emotional exhaustion,depersonalization,reduced personal accomplishment scores of the emergency nurses were significantly different from the big medicine systems and the big surgical systems.The major source of pressure for emergency nurses were time allocation,workload,working environment and equipment,patient care,management and interpersonal relationship.Conclusions Nurses in the emergency department face a variety of stressors,easily to produce burnout syndrome.Managers should take effective means to alleviate the pressure on nurses to maintain their physical and mental health. Key words: Emergency department; Nurses; Job burnout

Engagement and Vicarious Traumatization in rescue workers

The aims of this study are (1) to investigate the incidence of the symptoms of Vicarious Traumatization in a group of rescue workers; (2) to explore some of the main predictors of Engagement and Vicarious Traumatization; and (3) to identify the individual and organizational factors able to improve the state of well-being of those working in the helping professions. A total of 782 rescue workers, involved in critical operations of various kinds in constant contact with traumatized subjects, were investigated applying the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale (MBI-GS) and the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS). The post-traumatic symptoms most frequently reported were those of an intrusive nature. A partial overlap emerged between the predictors of Vicarious Traumatization and Engagement: if compared with social and demographic characteristics and with the degree of commitment required by the work, organizational variables would appear to have the greatest influence over the two constructs. A supportive working environment in particular favors Engagement, reducing the probability of developing Burnout. The results confirm the hypotheses that Engagement and Vicarious Traumatization are primarily determined by organizational variables, and, particularly, by the level of job support.