Mary's City Research Articles

Determination of Fish Consumption Habits of Consumers: Case Study of Mary City, Turkmenistan

The aim of this study was to determine the habits of families towards fish consumption in urban areas of Mary city in Turkmenistan. The main data of this study has been compiled by asking 20 questions to 267 consumers who lived in Mary city. Predetermined questions were applied to randomly selected people as question-answer. Sample size of this study was determined with unclustered probability sampling method. According to the research findings, yearly fish consumption of the examined consumers was determined as 3.28 kg per capita. Mostly preferred fish are catfish, herring and grey mullet respectively. Consumers preferred bazaars the most and markets the least as a place to purchase fish. 97% consumers consume fresh fish while 64.79% consume fish by frying. While 56.55% of consumers think that fish prices are high, 34.46% of consumers think it is normal. At the end of the study, it is obtained some results relevant to participant’s average monthly income, educational background, their professional status, marital status, types of supplying and consuming fish, cooking methods and attitude towards fish consumption.

Judge rules against student‐athlete

Case name: Chisholm v. St. Mary's City School District Board of Education, et al., No. 3:16CV2849 (N.D. Ohio 12/26/18).

Passage of Religious Freedom Act Necessary to Fulfill Maryland's National Leadership Role

Three hundred sixty-four years ago this month, two tiny sailing ships arrived near what is now St. Mary's City with the first settlers in Maryland. The Ark and the Dove were sent to the New World by Cecil Calvert. Lord Baltimore had founded his small colony as a haven for those persecuted in England because of their religious beliefs.On numerous occasions since then - from passage of the Act of Toleration in 1649 to the achievement of full civil liberties for Jews in 1825 to landmark Supreme Court decisions involving the state in the 1960s - Maryland has been a beacon of religious liberty in the United States.Passage of the Religious Freedom Act (currently before the General Assembly as House Bill 1041 and Senate Bill 515) would prevent state and local governments from adopting any measure that would infringe upon an individual's religious beliefs, unless such actions were essential (and the least-restrictive means) to furthering a compelling state interest.

Pollen analysis of three seventeenth-century lead coffins

Three lead covered wooden coffins containing the remains of a man, a woman, and a child were found during excavations inside the foundation of the 17th-Century Jesuit Chapel at Historic St. Mary's City, Maryland. Pollen analysis of physical samples and alcohol swabs from the coffins was complicated by pollen from agricultural produce stored with the coffin structural materials, the natural background pollen rain, and pollen from soil disturbance plants. The absence of pollen on the man's physical remains and on the interior of his wooden coffin indicates that his death occurred during the winter. Ragweed-type pollen dominated the woman's body and woman's wooden coffin samples, suggesting that she was died during the Fall. Perfectly preserved pine pollen grains in soil placed in the child's wooden coffin to raise the upper portion of the body suggest that the child died and was buried during the Spring. Rosemary sprigs and aster-type pollen found on the woman's chest and pea family pollen found on the woman's lumbar area are interpreted as indicating floral funerary tributes and the practice of traditional English burial rituals.

Dispatches

Dispatches

Archaeology, narrative, and the politics of the past: the view from southern Maryland

In this innovative work, Julia King moves nimbly among a variety of sources and disciplinary approaches--archaeological, historical, architectural, literary, and art-historical--to show how places take on, convey, and maintain meanings. Focusing on the beautiful Chesapeake Bay region of Maryland, King looks at the ways in which various groups, from patriots and politicians of the antebellum era to present-day archaeologists and preservationists, have transformed key landscapes into historical, indeed sacred, spaces. The sites King examines include the region's vanishing tobacco farms; St. Mary's City, established as Maryland's first capital by English settlers in the seventeenth century; and Point Lookout, the location of a prison for captured Confederate soldiers during the Civil War. As the author explores the historical narratives associated with such places, she uncovers some surprisingly durable myths as well as competing ones. St. Mary's City, for example, early on became the centre of Maryland's founding narrative of religious tolerance, a view commemorated in nineteenth-century celebrations and reflected even today in local museum exhibits and preserved buildings. And at Point Lookout, one private group has established a Confederate Memorial Park dedicated to those who died at the prison, thus nurturing the Lost Cause ideology that arose in the South in the late 1800s, while nearby the custodians of a 1,000-acre state park avoid controversy by largely ignoring the area's Civil War history, preferring instead to concentrate on recreation and tourism, an unusually popular element of which has become the recounting of ghost stories. As King shows, the narratives that now constitute the public memory in southern Maryland tend to overlook the region's more vexing legacies, particularly those involving slavery and race. Noting how even her own discipline of historical archaeology has been complicit in perpetuating old narratives, King calls for research--particularly archaeological research--that produces new stories and counter-narratives that challenge old perceptions and interpretations and thus convey a more nuanced grasp of a complicated past. |In this innovative work, Julia King moves nimbly among a variety of sources and disciplinary approaches--archaeological, historical, architectural, literary, and art-historical--to show how places take on, convey, and maintain meanings. Focusing on the beautiful Chesapeake Bay region of Maryland, King looks at the ways in which various groups, from patriots and politicians of the antebellum era to present-day archaeologists and preservationists, have transformed key landscapes into historical, indeed sacred, spaces. The sites King examines include the region's vanishing tobacco farms; St. Mary's City, established as Maryland's first capital by English settlers in the seventeenth century; and Point Lookout, the location of a prison for captured Confederate soldiers during the Civil War. As the author explores the historical narratives associated with such places, she uncovers some surprisingly durable myths as well as competing ones. St. Mary's City, for example, early on became the center of Maryland's founding narrative of religious tolerance, a view commemorated in nineteenth-century celebrations and reflected even today in local museum exhibits and preserved buildings. And at Point Lookout, one private group has established a Confederate Memorial Park dedicated to those who died at the prison, thus nurturing the Lost Cause ideology that arose in the South in the late 1800s, while nearby the custodians of a 1,000-acre state park avoid controversy by largely ignoring the area's Civil War history, preferring instead to concentrate on recreation and tourism, an unusually popular element of which has become the recounting of ghost stories. As King shows, the narratives that now constitute the public memory in southern Maryland tend to overlook the region's more vexing legacies, particularly those involving slavery and race. Noting how even her own discipline of historical archaeology has been complicit in perpetuating old narratives, King calls for research--particularly archaeological research--that produces new stories and counter-narratives that challenge old perceptions and interpretations and thus convey a more nuanced grasp of a complicated past. Julia A. King is an associate professor of anthropology at St. Mary's College of Maryland, where she coordinates the Museum Studies Program and directs the SlackWater Center, a consortium devoted to exploring, documenting, and interpreting the changing landscapes of Chesapeake communities. She is also coeditor, with Dennis B. Blanton, of Indian and European Contact in Context: The Mid-Atlantic Region.

Physico-chemical and mineralogical study of ceramic findings from Mary City – Turkmenistan

Abstract Eight findings of ancient ceramics (IX–X century) from Merv (currently Mary City – Turkmenistan) were sampled and studied from a scientific point of view, in order to classify them on the basis of their materic and technological content. They have been collected in a place 70 km far from the Iranian border, on the ancient Silk Route and hence, in connection with Turkey, Afghanistan and Indo Valley. Different physico-chemical and analytical methodologies have been used for a detailed study of the mineralogical composition and the texture of the ceramic body, the material employed for coatings (slips, glazes and enamels) and decorations (chromophores and pigments). Optical (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM–EDS or WDS) measurements, carried out on thin and cross-sections, allowed an evaluation of the state of conservation of the findings, together with the presence of neo-formation phases (i.e. phosphates). These ceramics were characterized on the basis of the employed raw materials and the production technology, verifying and ascertaining differences and analogies. Finally, we have evaluated whether an exhaustive scientific description and characterization of these findings can be useful for proposing a historical contextualization.

Innovations: Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Training in Developmental Responses to Trauma for Child Service Providers

Innovations: Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Training in Developmental Responses to Trauma for Child Service Providers

Innovations: Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Training in Developmental Responses to Trauma for Child Service Providers

Innovations: Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Training in Developmental Responses to Trauma for Child Service Providers

Characterization of bricks and tiles from the 17th-century brick Chapel, St. Mary's City, Maryland

The brick Chapel at St. Mary's City, Maryland, built around 1667, would have been an impressive structure on a colonial frontier where all the other buildings were built only of wood. While the building is no longer extant, the bricks remaining in the buried foundations hold information about the technologies and materials used by brickmakers in the 17th-century Chesapeake region. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and petrographic analysis of thin sections were used to compare the Chapel bricks and other 17th-century bricks and tiles from several Chesapeake contexts to locally available clay sources. While the composition of the Chapel bricks is generally consistent with that of clays available in southern Maryland, these historic materials could not be linked to any one deposit, and may reflect the mixing of clays from multiple sources. In contrast, building materials from other 17th-century buildings at St. Mary's City could be more precisely “matched” to specific local clay deposits. This paper reports on our initial investigations toward understanding the technology of the Chapel bricks and their relationship to other bricks from St. Mary's City.

Travel Cost Analysis of a Cultural Heritage Site: The Case of Historic St. Mary's City of Maryland

Historic St. Mary's City located in rural southern Maryland, marks the 17th century British Colonial capital of the State of Maryland. As with most cultural heritage sites, Historic St. Mary's City can be classified as possessing public goods-type characteristics, and as such, welfare benefit estimates must utilize non-market valuation techniques. To date, the primary valuation methodology used for cultural heritage sites research involves stated preference methods. This study is one of the first to employ a revealed preference methodology, the zonal travel cost model, to estimate the consumer surplus welfare measures of a cultural heritage site. We analyze three years of visitor sample data to compare three functional forms of visitor demand. The average of the annual individual consumer surplus measures ranged from approximately $8.00 to $19.26, depending on the functional forms used. When aggregated to the total number of individual paid visitors, the average annual benefit estimates range from approximately $75,492 to $176,550.

The magnetic anomaly of a brick foundation

This experiment was done at the foundation of a chapel that was constructed about 300 years ago at St Mary's City, Maryland, in the USA. The magnetic anomaly of this foundation is irregular and lumpy. The magnetic map does not show a uniform band with a high magnetic field along the line of the foundation; instead, it shows a series of high readings spaced unevenly near the foundation. This irregularity is caused by the addition and subtraction of the remanent magnetization of randomly oriented bricks in the foundation. Most brick foundations will probably show this irregularity, which will increase where the bricks are larger, the wall is smaller, or the magnetic sensor is closer to the foundation. This irregularity can make it difficult to delineate a buried foundation by magnetic survey. Several bricks were removed from the chapel's foundation and detailed magnetic maps were made of them. An analysis of these maps allowed the remanent and induced magnetization of the bricks to be determined. Having determined typical magnetic parameters for the bricks, simulations of the magnetic maps of brick foundations were constructed. These explain the irregularity of the anomalies.

"To Make America": European Emigration in the Early Modern Period.

Journal Article “To Make America”: European Emigration in the Early Modern Period. Ed. by Ida Altman and James Horn. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991. viii + 251 pp. $34.95, ISBN 0-520-07233-2.) Get access Lois Green Carr Lois Green Carr Historic St. Mary's City Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 79, Issue 3, December 1992, Page 1131, https://doi.org/10.2307/2080820 Published: 01 December 1992

Surface Analysis of a Musket Shot Dated Between 1645 and 1655 Found in Historic St. Mary's City, Maryland

Abstract A number of large lead musket shot have been found in the Pope's fort site at historic St. Mary's City in Maryland. These collected shot have been dated to the period from 1645 to 1655 by Dr. Henry Miller. One of these musket shot has an interesting flattened configuration and appears as if it hit a very solid object. The impact surface has been examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectrophotometry (EDS). The results of these examinations have been compared with examinations of bone and an oyster shell of the same age found at the site. The findings are consistent with the impact site containing sand and probably also bone.

Classifying Protestant Denominations

Although the importance of religion as an attitudinal predictor in general and as a marker of cultural pluralism in particular has been increasing acknowledged in recent years (Smith, 1986), the use of religion in sociological analysis has been stunted by the difficulty of working with denominational variables. The basic reason for the difficulty is the complex nature of America's denominational profile. As the Reverend J. Gordon Melton-America's champion church hunter, once remarked, "We are probably the most religious people-and the most diversely religious people-on earth." Our tradition of religious pluralism goes deeply into our colonial history. Edwin S. Gaustad noted that even as early as the 17th century one found "Huguenots in Charleston, Anglicans in Tidewater Virginia, Catholics in St. Mary's City, Swedish Lutherans along the Delaware, Quakers and Presbyterians further up the river, Dutch Reform in Manhattan, Puritans in New England, Baptists, and Heaven-knows-what-else in Rhode Island." Early in the history of the American republic, the French aristocrat Talleyrand is reported to have derisively observed that the United States had 32 religions, but only one sauce. Since then America has continued to both import foreign and spawn indigenous religions, until by the late 1970s Melton came up with a list of 1,187 primary denominations in the United States. This makes religion a difficult variable to collect and probably even more troublesome to use. It leaves the analyst with a myriad of small, obscure, and easily confused groups to sift through. This problem is compounded by lack of government data on religion. Because the Census Bureau feels proscribed by the First Amendment from including religious affiliation questions on either the Census or the Current Population Survey (CPS), authoritative, fine-grain statistics on religion are in short supply. (The census of religious bodies was last conducted in 1936 and the CPS has not asked about religion since 1957. "Religion," 1958 and Mueller and Lane, 1972).

Impermanent Architecture in the Southern American Colonies

Impermanent Architecture in the Southern American Colonies

New Light on the Composition of Ebenezer Cook's Sot-Weed Factor

EBENEZER COOK'S scurrilous Hudibrastic satire, The Sot-weed Factor, first printed in London in 1708 by B[enjamin] Bragg, at the Raven in Pater-Noster-Row. When it composed has remained, like so many details of Cook's life, a mystery. Lawrence C. Wroth, who published a foundational study of Cook in I934, found it reasonable to believe, as most readers have done, that at the time of writing its author in truth an individual of English upbringing newly come to Maryland.1 Wroth's assumption would suggest that the poem written around I695. Actually, the first record we have of Cook in Maryland is I694,? but Wroth sets I695 as the earliest possible date of composition because the Provincial Court to which the poem's narrator took his legal claim sitting at Annapolis, and government business not transferred there from St. Mary's City until February, I695.' Robert D. Arner has claimed recently, however, that The Sot-weed Factor more likely written closer to the I708 publication date than otherwise. Arner argues that Cook had no reason to wait twelve or more years to have his work published-especially since sending manuscripts to London for that purpose a well-established practice by the end of the seventeenth century and since the satire would have lost much of its punch as Maryland became -more civilized. Furthermore, Cook himself says in a footnote appearing in the Third Edition of the poem published in i73i that his description of Annapolis was given Twenty Years ago, and does not resemble its present State.

John W. Reps. <italic>Tidewater Towns: City Planning in Colonial Virginia and Maryland</italic>. (Williamsburg Architectural Studies.) Williamsburg: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation; distrib. by University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville. 1972. Pp. xii, 345. $15.00

Journal Article John W. Reps. Tidewater Towns: City Planning in Colonial Virginia and Maryland. (Williamsburg Architectural Studies.) Williamsburg: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation; distrib. by University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville. 1972. Pp. xii, 345. $15.00 Get access Reps John W.. Tidewater Towns: City Planning in Colonial Virginia and Maryland. (Williamsburg Architectural Studies.) Williamsburg: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation; distrib. by University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville. 1972. Pp. xii, 345. $15.00. Cary Carson Cary Carson St. Mary's City Commission and Smithsonian Institution Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 78, Issue 2, April 1973, Pages 472–473, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/78.2.472 Published: 01 April 1973

GUSTAV BRENNER

GUSTAV BRENNER Get access CHARLES R. ANDERSON CHARLES R. ANDERSON Reference Librarian St. Mary's College of MarylandSt. Mary's City, Maryland 20686, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 18, Issue 5, May 1971, Pages 186-b–186, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/18-5-186b Published: 01 May 1971

A Survey of Intestinal Parasites in a New Colony of Rhesus Monkeys

A survey of intestinal parasites was made of the rhesus monkeys in a free-ranging colony off the southwestern coast of Puerto Rico. Sixty-eight per cent of 99 monkeys examined were found to harbor intestinal parasites. The most common organisms were Entamoeba coli, E. histolytica, and Strongyloides. Viable Strongyloides ova were recovered from soil samples. Hermit crabs ingest monkey feces and may serve as agents in the dispersal of intestinal parasites. This study records the results of a survey of the intestinal parasites in free-ranging and confined rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) on La Cueva and Guayacan islands off the southwestern coast of Puerto Rico. There were no monkeys on these islands until December 1961, when ten animals from Cayo Santiago, another rhesus colony in Puerto Rico, were introduced. During 1962 6 more were transferred from Cayo Santiago and 254 were imported from India. After high initial mortality the colony stabilized, and during the period of this study (February 1963 to April 1964) it contained approximately 150 monkeys. Most of these ranged freely on the islands, but some were confined in large enclosures and a small number were held in individual cages. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of infection in a newly established colony and to draw comparisons with another such survey (Poindexter, 1942). A parasitological survey of the monkeys on Cayo Santiago was made by Poindexter (loc. cit.) to determine the cause of a mild epidemic of diarrhea in the colony. His survey was made 3 years after the colony was established. He examined 151 fecal samples collected from 122 monkeys. Of this number 99% were found to harbor parasites. Protozoan parasites occurred most frequently, the more prevalent being Received for publication 19 September 1964. * Present address: St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City, Maryland. 294 Balantidium simile, Entamoeba coli, and E. histolytica. Among the helminths heavy infections of Strongyloides papillosus and Oesophagostomum bifurcum were present.