Marxist Philosophy Research Articles

Research on Li Dazhao's Philosophical Thought and Its Contemporary Value

The process of China's modernization is consistent with the process of Marxism's Chineseization, and nowadays, both the practical path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the Chineseization of Marxism are facing a lot of new challenges and tasks, so it is crucial to study in depth and re-examine the excellent theories on the development of the Chineseization of Marxist philosophy. Li Dazhao's philosophical thought was formed in the process of dramatic transformation of modern Chinese society, and was one of the early Marxist theoretical achievements. An in-depth study of Li Dazhao's philosophical thought is of great significance for us to deepen our understanding of the transition from traditional Chinese philosophy to modern philosophy, to promote the in-depth development of the theory of the Chineseization of Marxist philosophy, and to help young people to establish a scientific outlook on life and hold fast to the people-centered value goal.

A Review on the Pedagogical Challenges of Chinese Teachers on the Marxist Philosophy of Education

Marxist philosophy of education is an important part of the Chinese educational system which is a mandatory course for college students in Chinese colleges and universities. This literature review aims to explore the pedagogical challenges of Chinese teachers in teaching Marxist philosophy. This paper hopes to contribute to a comprehensive educational understanding of the relationship between ideology and pedagogy in the educational landscape of China.

В.А. Базаров: от технологического эмпиризма к бергсонизму

The article presents an analysis of epistemology and philosophy of science of the Russian marxist philosopher V.A. Bazarov. In the first part of the work, two stages of the philosopher’s evolution are distinguished and analyzed: empiriocritical and voluntarist. First stage of Bazarov’s thought is characterized by anti-metaphysical and empiricist attitudes. What separates him from other representatives of empiriocriticism is his emphasis on the activeness of the cognizing instance. It is shown that around 1910 Bazarov’s views underwent a final shift towards voluntarism, considered as the second stage of his philosophical evolution. It is demonstrated that although Bazarov’s thought developed in this direction independently, the reception of H. Bergson’s philosophy played an important role in the transition between the two stages. Ultimately, the evolution of Bazarov’s views leads him to abandonment of the key commitements of positivism and to adoption of the Bergsonian “philosophy of action”. The second part of the work is devoted to an attempt to actualize Bazarov’s views in their development through their consideration in the context of “technological empiricism”, i.e. a position in the philosophy of science reconstructed by modern scholars that unites such thinkers as A.A. Bogdanov, O. Neurath and N. Cartwright. All of them stress technical, social and physical side of scientific experience, emphasizing the richness of reality under study and ways of its representation, as well as opposing fundamentalism about high-level theoretical constructions in science. The validity of Bazarov’s characterization at the first stage of his evolution as a representative of this position is substantiated. Then, Bazarov’s philosophical evolution is considered once again, but now through the optics of technological empiricism, which allows to draw conclusions about the internal tendency of this theoretical position towards voluntarism and relativism

Engels' Theoretical Contribution to Historical Materialism and its Contemporary Value Implication

As Marx's close comrade-in-arms and revolutionary partner, Engels undertook the major mission of perfecting Marxist philosophy in defense of Marx after Marx's death, but Engels's interpretation of Marxism caused scholars to explore the academic relationship between Marx and Engels, and his book Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy (hereinafter referred to as Engels’Ludwig Feuerbach of 1888) became the focal point of the research on the academic relationship between the two. The work presents Engels' systematic interpretation of the materialist conception of history, his innovative formulation of Engels' theory of historical synergy and the fundamental question of phi-losophy, and is a strong proof of the consistency between the ideas of Marx and Engels. Engels' theoretical contribution to the materialist conception of history in the work still has valuable theoretical value in contemporary times, and inspires us to hold on to Marxism without wavering, and to innovate without stopping, in order to better guide our practice.

Политическая этика Си Цзиньпина — наследование и развитие идей «Управления страной добротой» конфуцианства и марксистской этики

Modern China is an industrialized, high-tech state. But even at the beginning of the last century it was a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The Chinese people made a number of attempts to save the country and revive it, and finally found the path that suited them — the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The guiding ideology of socialism is Marxism, and the Chinese specificity is the traditional thoughts and culture ingrained in the mentality of the nation. The characteristic of the Chinese way is the perfect combination of these two philosophical thoughts. So how do you combine this? This article uses the example of Xi Jinping’s political ethics to analyze its guiding ideology — Confucius’s concept of governing the country with kindness and Marxist ethics. The authors first analyze the specific meaning of Xi Jinping’s political ethics, and then analyze the basis of the philosophical thought of his ethics: The set of political strategies included in the Confucian idea of virtue-based government: political strategies, talent strategies, economic strategies and management strategies; as well as the main characteristics of Marx’s ethics. This proves that building socialism with Chinese characteristics benefits from the high degree of compatibility between Marxism and traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The novelty of this article also lies in the fact that it talks about traditional Chinese Confucianism and Marxist philosophy in one dimension.

Sartre: Tarihin İtici Gücü Olarak “Bunaltı” ya da “Bulantı”

If we consider Jean-Paul Sartre's position in the history of philosophy through his own method of reading history, it would not be wrong to identify him as a philosopher of a period of crisis. Sartre reads history by focusing on periods of crisis or crisis in theory and practice, and in doing so he follows the Marxist thesis that every theory is determined by practice. The period of crisis Sartre lived in, however, did not produce the conditions and means for the transcendence of Marxist philosophy, nor did it make it possible to embrace Marxist philosophy as it is. This study will try to show how "nausea" or "depression" can be seen as an important element that can provide a basis for historical and philosophical movements when Sartre's intellectual work is considered in its entirety. Because, although nausea is an individual experience, it points to the common existential crisis of human beings as a species, and social crisis situations feed this feeling. In this respect, it will be argued that the inextricability of the deep crisis and depression that the earth and humanity are in, in our age, is precisely due to the lack of the feeling of "nausea" in humans. Keywords: Jean-Paul Sartre, Nausea, History, Western Marxism, Crisis, Existentialism.

The Great Thoughts on Human Beings by Karl Marx

Marxist philosophy does not prioritize the question of human beings in connection to the theory of capital and surplus value, the materialist dialectic and the socio-economic formation, or the proletarian class and socialism. The primary objective of Marxism does not pertain to the inquiry into the nature of human beings. However, Marx's ideas regarding human beings, mostly introduced during his early years, remain significant enough to be included in the body of human thought as a considerable doctrine. They hold great importance in the field of human sciences and in the pursuit of human freedom. As we celebrate the 200th anniversary of Karl Marx's birth, we will examine and assess the significant ideas that Marx had about human beings that are relevant to the current era: 1) Human beings are inherently human entities; 2) The natural world represents the intangible manifestation of human beings; 3) Human beings are distinct individuals, encompassing their actions and material circumstances; 4) The fundamental nature of human beings is derived from the amalgamation of social interactions; 5) The unrestricted growth of each individual is a prerequisite for the unrestricted growth of all individuals. These concepts are actually of immense magnitude. Presently, these ideas continue to serve as the fundamental principles of numerous human disciplines. These beliefs serve as the foundational worldview and methodological principles for numerous social theories in reality. The presentation of Marx's ideas on human beings, as shown in several published works, frequently varies. In light of the aforementioned five primary components, our objective is to faithfully adhere to the canonical works of Marx, refraining from incorporating any further insights beyond his original statements. This approach aims to provide an accurate depiction of Marx's own perspective on the nature of humanity.

Constitucionalismo de exceção, pós-democracia e o julgamento da reforma trabalhista pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal – STF

This paper will analyze the judgment of Direct Actions of Unconstitutionality ADI 5685, ADI 5938 and ADI 5794 by the Supreme Federal Court, with the objective of verifying whether the Judiciary has echoed the discourse of the economic-financial crisis and legitimately ratified the exceptional measures of austerity , with a cut in labor matters. The epistemological scientific orientation of the papper is the Ecology of Knowledge. For which it will combine resources from the French Discourse Analysis, from Bakhtin’s Marxist philosophy of language, to contributions from the Sociology of Law and the Sociology of Absences. Our research hypothesis is that such judicial decisions, permeated by the austerity discourse, are constituted as Exceptional Constitutionalism and produce the absence of labor rights. As well as the ontological degradation of its holders, the functional de-differentiation of Law and its ethical delegitimation. Such judicial decisions and the Constitutionalism of Exception are a symptom of a scenario of exception and post-democracy generated by neoliberalism. Documentary and bibliographic research techniques will be necessary.

Dialogue with Antonio Negri: A Few Thoughts on the Lecture “Metropolis as a Post-Industrial Factory”

On November 27 and 29, 2014, Prof. WANG Hui, the Director of Tsinghua Institute for Advanced Study in Humanities and Social Sciences in Beijing, invited Prof. Antonio Negri, one of Italy's most leading Marxist philosophers and activists, to give a series of lectures. I was invited by Prof. WANG Hui to offer comments and reflections on one of Prof. Antonio Negri’s lectures, titled “The Metropolis as Post-Industrial Factory”. New Bloom published this article in Chinese based on the transcripts of the above lecture. It was translated into English by Ngai Pun. Acknowledgement: I was invited by Christian Fuchs, the editor of tripleC, to publish this Dialogue as a memorial to Prof. Antonio Negri, who passed away on 16 December 2023 at the age of 90.

The Universal As (Non‐)Particular: Agamben, Metz, And The Theology Of Victimhood

AbstractThis study offers a new perspective on the work of Italian theorist Giorgio Agamben, arguing that his recent engagements with the Christian tradition can be productively interpreted as a kind of political theology. As a way of making this claim, I place Agamben in dialogue with German Catholic theologian Johann Baptist Metz, as perhaps the clearest analogue in recent political theology, examining their shared genealogical roots in Marxist philosophy and the Frankfurt School, as well their mutual interests in early‐Christian and medieval apocalyptic. Furthermore, I argue that their respective projects can mutually inform one another, and together be regarded as a corrective to certain aspects of contemporary Augustinian theory. Focusing on the question of the victim, I contend that Agamben's and Metz’s approach to “universality” can serve to illuminate and to challenge some of the more “particularistic” and exclusionary elements of the Augustinian form.

Teaching Practices Incorporating Philosophical Principles—The Example of a Machine Tool Teaching Course

In the current social background, all college and university majors have carried out the construction of curriculum ideology and politics. And the philosophy of material dialectics as a scientific way of thinking in the ideology and politics teaching is an indispensable part. This paper takes the machine tool teaching course as an example, combined with the principles of dialectics in Marxist philosophy. It analyzes three major laws of material dialectics in machine tool technology, which helps students to cultivate critical thinking and innovation ability, and better analyze and solve problems. Not only to achieve the purpose of teaching professional knowledge, but more importantly to cultivate socialist builders and successors with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physicality, aesthetics and labor, and to contribute to the implementation of China’s fundamental task of promoting moral education and cultivating more talents with high quality, ability and moral standard for the country and society.

Философы на рубеже XXI века: о «философском поколении» нулевых

The article examines the transformation of philosophy and the features of its teaching during the transition from Soviet to post-Soviet philosophy in Russia. The environment of the Faculty of Philosophy of the State Academic University for the Humanities and the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the late 1990s - early 2000s is analyzed. It is demonstrated that during this period there was a “perestroika” of philosophy, during which the Marxist philosophy of the Soviet period was completely hushed up. The special scientific atmosphere of the sector of the theory of knowledge of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences under the leadership of V. A. Lektorsky is analyzed. An idea of ​​“philosophical generations” is given, in which the key unifying factor is the presence of “significant others” - teachers who had a significant influence on the formation of a new generation of philosophers.

Критика глобального кризиса капитализма с позиции современных российских ученых

Chinese Marxist philosophers analyze the critical understanding by Russian scientists of the global crisis of capitalism and the prospects for social development in the 21st century. It is noted that the global crisis of capitalism is a natural stage of systemic contradictions in the logic of bourgeois development, and that modern problems of the capitalist economy are rooted in the inevitability of cyclical crises in conditions of market production and the hegemony of financial capital. It is suggested that the global crisis of capitalism is a cumulative manifestation of globalization in the 21st century, reflecting the fragility of the alliance of capitalist countries and intensifying the confrontation between the great powers in the context of the transformation of the international order. This, as noted in the articles, indicates the inability of the neoliberal system to cope with the challenges of the modern world. The international community must overcome the contradictions of internationalism and nationalism, based on Marxist ideas of the state, social community and human wellfare, which is the starting point for building global socialism.

Understanding Hegemony: A Critical Analysis through the Lens of Antonio Gramsci

Antonio Gramsci, an Italian Marxist philosopher and political theorist, introduced the concept of hegemony as a means to understand the complex dynamics of power and control within societies. This paper delves into Gramsci's theory of hegemony, exploring its origins, key components, and implications. Through a critical analysis of Gramsci's work, this paper seeks to illuminate how hegemony operates as a mechanism of social control, shaping ideologies, institutions, and everyday practices. By examining contemporary examples, it further elucidates the relevance and applicability of Gramsci's ideas in understanding power relations in the modern world.

English Education in Chinese Colleges and Universities from the Perspective of Marxist Philosophy

With the further progress of globalization, English, as the most widely used language in the world, is increasingly prominent in terms of its position. China regards English education as an important part of improving national quality, and also takes English as an important medium for social, economic, trade and Chinese culture to go abroad. The current English education in colleges and universities, however, is inefficient for a long time, and there is still a big gap between the trained talents and the actual needs of society. Therefore, English education in colleges and universities in China should be guided by Marxist philosophy, carry out a series of reforms, and promote the continuous improvement of the quality of English education in China with a reasonable view of curriculum integration, a good view of teachers’ education ecology and a scientific view of development.

Educating for radical hope in face of rising fascism

In recent years right-extremist ideologies, parties and regimes are gaining popularity and power all over the globe, and as days go by, hope for equality, freedom and peace seems more and more unrealistic, delusionary, perhaps even dangerous. To what goals and in which ways should one educate in a reality that offers no end in sight to oppression? And should educators be satisfied with the hope to merely slow down or temporarily pause what seems to be inevitable? In this essay, I show that educators and their students might get caught up in state of stuckedness (Hage, 2009), to which fascist hope and fascist unique temporalities offer relief. I argue that from this situation, a particular and strong kind of hope can arise – radical hope that is immanently transcendent and whose objectives are incomprehensible and cannot be imagined at present. Paradoxically and while difficult to attain, this almost desperate hope can free educators from the discursive and temporal constraints set by both fascist ideologies and by the feeling of historical blockage, and instead infuse education with an emancipatory horizon. First, interested in both the experience of limited future, I draw insights from ethnographies that depict such historical periods and their relationship to fascism. Then, I present an analysis of fascist temporalities and draw principles for the fascist hope extracted from them. I also analyze the temptation of fascist hope through reading in the work of German Marxist philosopher Ernst Bloch, and follow his transcendent approach to the future which I bring into discussion with the concept of radical hope and with a call for learning observance. To conclude, I draw preliminary directions for an antifascist education.

Internal Relations and Dialectical Dance Steps in Vygotsky’s Cultural-Historical Psychology

Abstract The connection between Vygotsky’s Cultural-Historical Psychology (CHP) and the Marxist logic of dialectics is currently gaining focus to promote the development and application of Vygotsky’s psychological theory. However, their interconnection has not been recognized and appreciated to the extent that it deserves, especially in English academia. Dafermos (2018) has clarified the necessity for Vygotskians to rethink cultural-historical psychology from the dialectical perspective to avoid misconceptions. To call for more focus and to deepen theoretical understanding, this study analyzes the philosophical basis of Marxism in CHP by adopting the framework demonstrated by Ollman (2003, 2015) in two connected aspects: 1) internal relations and 2) the dialectical steps involved in abstraction in Marxism. Through analyzing Vygotsky’s texts and elaborating on the conceptual ideas and methodologies in CHP, it presents the connection between CHP and Marxism. Subsequently, it introduces the application of CHP in SLA studies, referred to as Sociocultural Theory-Second Language Acquisition (SCT-SLA), as further evidence to show the impact of Marxist philosophical ideas in practical studies of applied linguistics. Further studies on the relationship between Marxism and CHP, and studies adopting Marxist philosophy to solve SLA issues are encouraged.

Research on"true community" concept: Textual analysis based on The German Ideology

The German Ideology is an important symbol of the maturity of Marxist philosophy. The idea of "true community" deeply reflects the internal logic and development of this original discourse in The German Ideology. Among them, "realistic individual" is the logical source of constructing "true community", the emergence, development and extinction of division of labor is the realization possibility of constructing "true community", and the free and all-round development of people is the ultimate goal of constructing "true community".

The Connotation and Revolutionary Significance of Marx's Categories of Practice

The concept of "practice" is an important category of Marxist philosophy. In the course of his revolutionary activities and theoretical research, Marx gradually discovered the fundamental role of "practice" in philosophy, and sublimated its connotation by liquidating his previous beliefs and elevating it to a philosophical ontology. By liquidating his former beliefs, he sublimated the connotation of the category of "practice" and elevated it to a philosophical ontology, basing himself on reality, summarizing history, and creating a new worldview, thus completing a great revolution in the history of philosophy.

Research on the Compatibility of Quantum Science and Marxist Philosophy

As an epoch-making achievement in the field of natural science, the scientific principles of quantum mechanics, such as nonlocality, entanglement and decoherence, and role at a distance, have triggered many different interpretations and controversies in the field of philosophy, among which idealism, metaphysics, and agnosticism are based on which to question or even deny dialectical materialism. Marxist philosophy has always closely interacted with natural science. In the face of new and old propositions in quantum mechanics, such as uncertainty principle, quantum tunneling, large distance zero interaction measurement, and Poincare regression of multi particle quantum system, we can promote its compatibility with the new world outlook and methodology of quantum science in the intertextuality interpretation. Quantum mechanics reveals the "intermediate phenomenon" in the process of understanding the micro world, highlighting the dialectical characteristics of materialistic epistemology; It emphasizes probability, but denies that uncertainty is subjective conjecture, defending the objectivity of existence; For the movement and change of things, the status of the contingency category has been improved and the linear causality has been exceeded, but the existence of universal and inevitable connection has not been fundamentally denied.