Market Viability Research Articles

PRESERVING HERITAGE IN THREADS: A STUDY OF ORANG ULU MOTIF ADAPTATION IN CONTEMPORARY ETHNIC WEAR CRAFTED BY SMES

The delicate balance between preserving the rich cultural legacy of Orang Ulu motif patterns and adapting them to current items of ethnic wear made by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is examined in this research. The study explores how Orang Ulu motifs are used in modern clothing production in Sarawak, Malaysia, acknowledging the importance of community involvement in documenting and organising this cultural legacy. While they need to be protected, these culturally significant designs must also be relevant in contemporary fashion due to modernisation and changing consumer preferences. This study aims to examine factors influencing consumers’ purchase behaviour regarding ethnic wear or cultural clothing made by SMEs. Cultural anthropology, design innovation and business development were used to examine how SMEs might preserve Orang Ulu culture. Interviews, surveys and design studies were employed to understand producer and customer preferences and expectations. Relevant variables were obtained from a literature review. This empirical study used a well-structured face-to-face and internet-based customer questionnaire to survey 194 respondents. SPSS software was used to analyse the data using ranking scale analysis, analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation. This research identifies several techniques for incorporating traditional Orang Ulu motif designs into contemporary ethnic clothing to help SMEs balance cultural preservation and market viability. The complex process of conserving cultural themes despite global developments is explored, emphasising the need for adaptation to maintain cultural identity in the global market. The research will help SME owners and entrepreneurs meet customer expectations and build brand loyalty. The study’s limitations include a small sample size and a focus on consumer behaviour towards transformative ethnic wear made by SMEs, so the results cannot be applied to other firm types. SMEs making transformative ethnic wear are crucial for economic diversification, particularly in developing nations like Malaysia.

Essential Oils Against Spoilage in Fish and Seafood: Impact on Product Quality and Future Challenges

The preservation of fish and seafood represents a significant challenge for the food industry due to these products’ high susceptibility to microbial spoilage. Essential oils (EOs), classified as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS), have become a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. This review aims to analyze the specific potential of EOs in extending the shelf life of fish and seafood products, offering a natural and effective preservation solution. It provides a detailed overview of EOs applications and mechanisms, highlighting their role in controlling spoilage microorganisms while maintaining product quality. The main methods of EOs application include immersion, spraying, and pipetting, with antimicrobial effectiveness influenced by factors such as concentration, exposure time, and food characteristics like chemical composition and biofilms. Direct EOs application shows challenges that can be countered by exploring nanoemulsion technology as an effective strategy to enhance EOs stability and controlled release, maximizing their preservation impact. Additionally, coatings made from chitosan, gelatin, Farsi gum, and carrageenan, combined with EOs such as oregano, clove, and thyme have shown efficacy in preserving species like rainbow trout, mackerel, and shrimp. However, the commercial feasibility of using EOs in fish preservation depends on consumer acceptance and regulatory compliance. This review offers valuable insights for the industry and researchers by highlighting the practical applications and commercial challenges of EOs in seafood products, underscoring the importance of consumer acceptance and regulatory adherence for market viability.

Development and Sensory Profiling of Flavored Tilanggit (Dried, Split, and Salted Juvenile Tilapia)

With the increase in tilapia farming there are opportunities to explore value-added tilapia products. This study aimed to develop flavored varieties of dried, split, and salted juvenile tilapia, commonly known as "tilanggit," given the staple consumption of dried fish in places like Africa and Asia. Freshly harvested juvenile Nile tilapia fish were gutted, cleaned, deboned, brined, marinated, and dried. Four flavor formulations were developed: no flavor (NF), honey-calamansi (HC), garlic (G), and hot and spicy (HS). Each flavor formulation's sensory attributes, including appearance, aroma, taste, and texture, were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale, where 1 represented "disliked a lot" and 5 represented "liked a lot", with samples being deep-fried in an individual vat of vegetable oil for ~5-10 sec at 150°C. A total of 40 consenting female participants from 19 to 63 years old, from low and middle-income homes who purchase and consume dried fish, were medically screened and used to evaluate the sensory attributes of the flavored dried tilanggit products. The results showed that the G formulation was rated as having the best appearance, aroma, and taste, followed by the NF sample which suggested that the addition of garlic to dried tilanggit significantly enhanced several important sensory attributes. In terms of texture, the NF sample was rated the highest, followed by the G sample. The results indicate statistically significant differences among these four treatments in terms of appearance, taste and texture, (p<0.05) using the Kruskal-Wallis H test. Therefore, it is recommended that garlic be used as a flavor for dried tilanggit products however, honey-calamansi and hot and spicy be improved so they, too, can be used to flavor dried tilanggit to better suit the preferences of different consumers and offer additional choices in the marketplace. Moreover, a sensory evaluation with region-wide and more diversified participants is recommended to assess broader market viability. These results provide insights for tilapia farmers and processors seeking to diversify their product offerings to cater to consumer preferences for flavored dried fish products. Key words: Flavored tilanggit, tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fish drying, dried salted fish, tuyông isda

Construction of Sensory Evaluation System of Purple Sweet Potato Rice Steamed Sponge Cake Based on Fuzzy Mathematics.

This paper presents the establishment of a sensory evaluation system for purple sweet potato rice steamed sponge cake (PSPRSSC) utilizing fuzzy mathematics. Initially, eight key sensory evaluation indices were identified through expert consultations. These indices were subsequently prioritized using fuzzy binary comparison, resulting in the following order: aroma, taste, crust color, elasticity, viscosity, chewiness, hardness, and brightness. The corresponding weight values assigned to each index were 23%, 18%, 16%, 13%, 12%, 8%, 6%, and 4%, respectively. Notably, aroma was found to have a more significant impact than visual attributes in the sensory evaluation of PSPRSSC. Based on this prioritization, comprehensive sensory evaluation criteria for PSPRSSC were formulated. Verification tests confirmed the efficacy of the proposed evaluation system. This study provides critical data and theoretical support for the sensory quality assessment of PSPRSSC, thereby facilitating its industrialization and enhancing its market viability.

Optimization of operational strategies for industrial applications of solar-based green hydrogen

Renewable-based green hydrogen is emerging as a viable solution for decarbonizing energy-intensive industries. However, the fluctuating and intermittent nature of renewable energy sources requires careful consideration of operational strategies to ensure the safe and economical use of green hydrogen in industrial applications. This study examines the influence of operational strategies for electrolyzers and downstream processes on the cost of solar-based green hydrogen. The results demonstrate that optimal operational strategies for electrolyzers significantly impact the sizes of batteries and electrolyzers, reducing the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) by an average of 5.3%. Case studies further demonstrate that decentralized end-user supply strategies and cooperation with downstream processes can reduce LCOH by up to 39.8% for fully distributed end-users and by 24.2% with the introduction of supply tolerance. Additionally, the study evaluates the impact of grid backup, revealing that grid utilization can reduce LCOH by 12.9% in Houston, underscoring the potential for further cost reductions through grid decarbonization. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing operational strategies to improve the economic performance and market viability of green hydrogen systems.

Design of perovskite solar brick for textile ceramic technology

Textile Ceramic Technology (TCT) is an innovative industrialised façade cladding system that consist of a steel wire mesh in where ceramic pieces are inserted in. This paper presents the first steps in the design of a Solar Brick (SB) for TCT capable of producing energy. The perovskite solar thin-film emerging technology is the photovoltaic system considered for the design in this study considering its excellent electrical performances and its ability to be fabricated on flexible substrate. The present research shows the first SB prototype and the experimental tests carried out to check the performance and market viability possibilities.

Comparative Study on Calcium-enriched Finger Millet Tisane: Optimizing Soaking and Roasting Methods

This study focuses on the development of a calcium-rich herbal tisane using finger millet, a grain known for its high calcium content, aimed at enhancing dietary calcium intake. Two distinct processing methods were employed to optimize the calcium content of the tisane. In Treatment 1, Finger millet was roasted and combined with spice powder, while in Treatment 2, Finger millet underwent soaking, cabinet drying, roasting, and then blending with spice powder. The calcium content and overall quality of both treatments were evaluated, revealing a marginal increase in calcium concentration in Treatment 2, attributed to the additional processing steps. Specifically, Treatment 2 yielded a maximum calcium content of 396 mg compared to 380 mg in Treatment 1, demonstrating the effectiveness of the additional soaking and drying steps in enhancing calcium bioavailability. The final product was further enriched with a blend of spices, including dry ginger, cinnamon, cardamom, Arjuna bark, fennel seeds, and Tulsi leaves, contributing to its healthful properties. Organoleptic evaluations, conducted to assess sensory attributes such as flavor, aroma, and overall acceptability, indicated that both treatments were well-received by consumers. This suggests the product's potential for consumer acceptance and market viability. The findings suggest that calcium-enriched Finger millet tisane could serve as a valuable functional beverage, particularly for populations at risk of calcium deficiency. Its nutrient profile, combined with favorable sensory attributes, positions it as a promising option for improving dietary calcium intake and promoting overall health. Further research on larger sample sizes and bioavailability studies could reinforce its potential as a functional health beverage.

Cutting-Edge Progress in Aqueous Zn-S Batteries: Innovations in Cathodes, Electrolytes, and Mediators.

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-sulfur batteries (AZSBs) are emerging as prominent candidates for next-generation energy storage devices owing to their affordability, non-toxicity, environmental friendliness, non-flammability, and use of earth-abundant electrodes and aqueous electrolytes. However, AZSBs currently face challenges in achieving satisfied electrochemical performance due to slow kinetic reactions and limited stability. Therefore, further research and improvement efforts are crucial for advancing AZSBs technology. In this comprehensive review, it is delved into the primary mechanisms governing AZSBs, assess recent advancements in the field, and analyse pivotal modifications made to electrodes and electrolytes to enhance AZSBs performance. This includes the development of novel host materials for sulfur (S) cathodes, which are capable of supporting higher S loading capacities and the refinement of electrolyte compositions to improve ionic conductivity and stability. Moreover, the potential applications of AZSBs across various energy platforms and evaluate their market viability based on recent scholarly contributions is explored. By doing so, this review provides a visionary outlook on future research directions for AZSBs, driving continuous advancements in stable AZSBs technology and deepening the understanding of their charge-discharge dynamics. The insights presented in this review signify a significant step toward a sustainable energy future powered by renewable sources.

Barriers and framework conditions for the market entry of second-life lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles

Transition to circular economy for lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles requires integrating multiple stages of the value cycle. However, strategies aimed at extending the lifetime of batteries are not yet sufficiently considered within the European battery industry, particularly regarding repurposing. Using second-life lithium-ion batteries (SLBs) before subsequent recycling can offer several advantages, such as the development of sustainable business models, the reduction of emissions, and alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goals 7, 12, and 13. Using expert and problem-centred interviews along with an exploratory workshop, this study guides stakeholders in the battery sector by illustrating the necessary changes for a more holistic circular economy. Moreover, an extended political, economic, social, technological, environmental, legal, and additionally safety-related (PESSTEL) analysis approach is carried out, which has not yet been used in this context. In this process, barriers, as well as necessary institutional framework conditions and organisational requirements for a successful market entry of SLB applications are investigated. Among others, key barriers relate to the competition with first-life applications and safety concerns. SLBs require high manual labour costs for repurposing, along with expenses for expired warranties and re-certifications. Ownership structures in traditional business models often result in SLBs and their corresponding usage data staying under the control of the manufacturers. Market viability, however, requires a level playing field for both first-life and second-life operators as well as circular battery and data-sharing business models. Gathering data on the ageing performance and performing improved safety testing according to test protocols facilitates the reliable assessment of SLBs.

Hemp (Cannabis salvia L.) Cultivation: Chemical Fertilizers or Organic Technologies, a Comprehensive Review

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), renowned for its applications in environmental, industrial, and medicinal fields, is critically evaluated in this comprehensive review focusing on the impacts of chemical and organic fertilizers on its cultivation. As hemp re-emerges as a crop of economic significance, the choice between chemical and organic fertilization methods plays a crucial role in determining not only yield but also the quality and sustainability of production. This article examines the botanical characteristics of hemp, optimal growth conditions, and the essential biochemical processes for its cultivation. A detailed comparative analysis is provided, revealing that chemical fertilizers, while increasing yield by up to 20% compared to organic options, may compromise the concentration of key phytochemicals such as cannabidiol by approximately 10%, highlighting a trade-off between yield and product quality. The review presents quantitative assessments of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) from both fertilizer types, noting that K significantly influences the synthesis of terpenes and cannabinoids, making it the most impactful element in the context of medicinal and aromatic hemp varieties. Optimal rates and timing of application for these nutrients are discussed, with a focus on maximizing efficiency during the flowering stage, where nutrient uptake directly correlates with cannabinoid production. Furthermore, the challenges associated with the U.S. industrial hemp market are addressed, noting that reducing production costs and improving processing infrastructure is essential for sustaining industry growth, especially given the slow expansion in fiber and cannabidiol markets due to processing bottlenecks. The review concludes that while chemical fertilizers may offer immediate agronomic benefits, transitioning towards organic practices is essential for long-term environmental sustainability and market viability. The future of the hemp industry, while promising, will depend heavily on advancements in genetic engineering, crop management strategies, and regulatory frameworks that better support sustainable cultivation practices. This nuanced approach is vital for the industry to navigate the complex trade-offs between productivity, environmental health, and economic viability in the global market.

Who will board urban air taxis? An analysis of advanced air mobility demand and value of travel time for business, airport access, and regional tourism trips in Iran

Recent advancements in the development of a comprehensive urban air mobility ecosystem promise the opportunity for its implementation in the near future. However, the utility of this emerging mode of transportation in comparison to the existing modes varies for different trip purposes and geographical contexts. It is, therefore, imperative to assess its usage potential for various scenarios before moving forward with implementation efforts. This paper presents the findings of three stated preference surveys aimed at characterizing prospective urban air mobility travel demand for weekly business, airport access, and regional tourism trips in Iran. Hybrid multinomial logit and hybrid nested logit models are estimated for each trip purpose. The results indicate that urban air mobility for weekly business trips represents the most viable market segment. Value-of-time estimates for weekly business trips are more than two and a half times higher than those for airport access trips, and tourism trips are valued even less. There is a trend towards delaying the adoption of air taxis to gain trust, and reducing ticket prices is seen as the most effective incentive for increasing the adoption rate. This study pioneers research on urban air mobility in a developing country context, offering valuable insights into market viability for investors and policymakers.

Phosphorus recovery potential from sewage sludge by struvite precipitation: remodelling policy framework in Rajasthan, India.

The manufacturing of fossil-based fertilizers by extraction of rock phosphate has contributed to carbon emissions and depleted the non-renewable phosphorus reserves. Sewage sludge, which is a waste product from Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs), is rich in phosphorus. The existing techniques for sludge management contribute to carbon emissions and ecological footprint. Struvite (raw fertilizer) and biochar recovery from sludge has emerged as viable methods to reduce carbon emission and ensure economic sustainability of STPs. In this work, the potential for phosphorus recovery and revenue generation is discussed for Rajasthan state in India. The fate of phosphorus and heavy metals in STPs is evaluated which indicates that about 70% of the phosphorus and trace amounts of metals end up in sewage sludge. Further, the power consumption is high in STPs due to industrial wastewater ingress. There is a need to bridge the gap between sewage treatment and generation in Rajasthan, improve STP performance before resource recovery inclusion at policy-level and scale-up. Mixing struvite with biochar can lead to safe application of struvite as raw fertilizer as heavy metals are sequestered by biochar. A business framework is developed to serve as a blueprint and potential model for linking technical and market viability.

Trash or treasure? A circular business model of recycling plasmix

The production of plastic materials in the mid-20th century brought about transformative changes in consumer goods manufacturing and societal norms. However, this advancement paralleled an alarming surge in plastic pollution, driven by unrestrained consumption. This study focuses on the non-homogeneous and non-recyclable plastic waste (also known as plasmix in the Italian waste management), a residual blend resulting from plastic recycling processes. The main goals are to conduct an in-depth study of the plasmix landscape, to identify integration challenges, and to create a sustainable business model for broader adoption. Additionally, we aim to use life cycle assessment to examine the environmental effects of semi-finished plasmix-based materials that can be used to produce different products. This integrated approach ensures a holistic understanding of plasmix recycling, promoting both economic and environmental sustainability. The study contributes to sustainable waste management practices by offering a strategic approach to transform a challenging waste stream into economic opportunities. By addressing the market viability of plasmix-based products through an empirically supported business model, the research underscores the significance of recycling in mitigating plastic pollution and advancing a circular economy.

Assessment of Night Food Market - A Case Study of Puri, Odisha

Abstract: This study accessess the night food market in Puri area, The research explores the unique features of the Puri market scene during night time using a case study methodology and evaluate the assessment of the night food market. This report attempts to paint a clear picture of the viability and potential impact of a night food market in the puri area through in depth analysis and data driven insights. The ultimate objective is to support the creation of an inclusive, sustainable tourism model that enhances the experience for tourists while empowering local communities

Extraction of phenolic compounds from edible flowers (Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus) using ultrasound‐microwave‐assisted extraction and its screening by HPLC

AbstractPhlogacanthus thyrsiflorus flowers have been consumed as a traditional delicacy in the north‐eastern region of India. The present investigation utilized the microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) technique in conjunction with an ultrasound pretreatment (at 250 W for 15 min) to extract phenolic compounds from Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus flowers. Here, independent factors for optimization of MAE were microwave power (300, 500, and 700 W) and extraction time (2, 4, and 6 min), and responses were total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and DPPH (2,2‐dipheny‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) activity. For the experimental design, a Response surface methodology and a central composite design were followed. The optimum MAE condition was found at microwave power 700 W for 5 min resulting 30.204 mg GAE/g TPC, 81.26% DPPH and 22.50 mg QAE/g of TFC. The extraction of phenolic compounds was significantly impacted by both the microwave power and the extraction time. The high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis detected various phenolic compounds in both conventional and MAE extracts. However, compared to conventional extract, the majority of the identified phenolic compounds were found to be higher in quantities in MAE extract. These results highlighted that MAE‐optimized flower extract could be beneficial as a functional ingredient for food product development.Practical applicationsPhlogacanthus thyrsiflorus is a highly nutritious flower with medicinal properties. Though traditionally edible flowers have been consumed in the northeastern part of India but people are still neophobic and there is scanty awareness available regarding the benefits of consuming edible flowers. This scientific justification regarding the advantages of edible flowers makes them appealing for future novel use in food technology and also for further scientific study. High perishability of flowers makes them limited for market viability and extraction of its phenolic compounds is one of the novel solutions to utilize the flowers before spoilage. Also, using ultrasound as a pretreatment could enhance the efficiency of microwave‐assisted extraction techniques for a higher yield of phenolic compounds. Microwave‐assisted extraction technique as its novel and was proven an easy successful extraction technique on this flower. Also, the study of phenolic compounds through HPLC provides important information regarding the presence of various phenolic compounds in the Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus flower. This research can be supportive of both food technology and the medicinal industry.

Performance of vision transformer and swin transformer models for lemon quality classification in fruit juice factories

Assessing the quality of agricultural products holds vital significance in enhancing production efficiency and market viability. The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) has notably surged for this purpose, employing deep learning and machine learning techniques to process and classify agricultural product images, adhering to defined standards. This study focuses on the lemon dataset, encompassing ‘good’ and ‘bad’ quality classes, initiate by augmenting data through rescaling, random zoom, flip, and rotation methods. Subsequently, employing eight diverse deep learning approaches and two transformer methods for classification, the study culminated in the ViT method achieving an unprecedented 99.84% accuracy, 99.95% recall, and 99.66% precision, marking the highest accuracy documented. These findings strongly advocate for the efficacy of the ViT method in successfully classifying lemon quality, spotlighting its potential impact on agricultural quality assessment.

38 Assessment of retained ownership extension programming in southeastern beef cattle herds

Abstract Retained ownership is a marketing strategy that involves maintaining ownership of cattle through the feedyard stage. This strategy deviates from the traditional marketing time for many Southeast U.S. cow-calf producers, which is usually centered around weaning. Selected benefits of retained ownership for the producer includes capturing information on improved genetics and being able to take full advantage of health and management programs. Producers are often unaware of how calves perform further down the production line, leaving valuable information on the table as far as management styles and genetic selection goes. Extension programs such as Alabama’s Pasture to Rail and Arkansas’ Grass to Grid were developed to help producers retain ownership on beef calves and learn how their cattle perform in the feedyard phase. These programs provide opportunities for producers to receive feedback about the profitability of the cattle they are producing, learn more about the cattle industry beyond their sector, and investigate the use of other marketing strategies. Once cattle are marketed, producers receive data on their cattle such as average daily gain, estimated feed conversion, detailed carcass data, and health performance metrics. Extension educators can help producers analyze and understand how management and genetic selection affected these outcomes and changes that could be made to their operation. These programs have also been utilized in integrated Extension research. Between the years 2018 and 2023, the Alabama Pasture to Rail Program supported data collection on 667 calves through two different studies. Data collected in these studies are currently being used to update Extension recommendations on management strategies and potential of Alabama feeder calves. Feedback from facilitators and participants in these programs is often favorable for producer implementation but limitations are still faced by Extension personnel. A survey of county agents in Arkansas was recently conducted on programs such as Grass to Grid. Of the 45 agents that responded with active beef cattle programming in their county only 8% indicated that they had active participation in the Grass to Grid Program. An additional 13% of agents did indicate that they thought their county programming and producers would benefit from programming such as Grass to Grid. Limitations to the program were listed as market viability, producer buy in and turn-around results from the feedyard currently being used. Extension programming such as retained ownership programs have a place in helping producers build more sustainable programs. However, it is important to acknowledge the strengths, weaknesses and opportunities that must be addressed for producers and Extension personnel if they are to remain a function and useful tool.

Plant based metabolomics: a future prospective and versatile tool for metabolite databases of Curcuma longa

Sophisticated analytical instruments are used for quality evaluation and scientific validation to compliance the market demands. Recently, increase in demand of Curcuma longa has led to a high swing in small and medium food industry. The present review is devoted to an in-depth information on metabolite database of C. longa from different analytical techniques such as high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. This work highlights different extraction methods, phytochemistry along with structure activity relationship, nutritional profiling, market viability and pharmacology of C. longa. The bioactives of C. longa depends on various factors such as plants growth, temperature, humidity, soil type, collection, drying and extraction process. These factors can contribute in quality evaluation of the food supplements if need to be included. The introduction of omics approaches can helpful to explore the quality and identification of potential lead of C. longa. The results could play an essential role in the area of food-phyto based profiling. Further, metabolomics techniques may provide an analytical platform by combination of different “omics” data sources for future research to food and herbal based products.

Analyzing Production, Productivity, and Export Performance of Key Spices in India

To bolster economic growth in agriculture, there must be a concerted effort to increase production and achieve a balance in trade through exports and imports. India, in its global competition, excels in exporting significant spices and select horticultural products, thereby driving economic growth, aided by various governmental initiatives aimed at supporting farmers. This study aims to analyze the Growth Rate and Instability in Area, Production, and Productivity of major spices, as well as examine the export trends of these spices from India over a decade, from 2010 to 2020.Utilizing statistical tools such as Compound Annual Growth Rate Analysis (CAGR) and Instability Rate (IR), the study evaluates secondary data sourced from the Spice Board of India’s annual reports spanning the years 2010-2011 to 2019-2020. The analysis provides insights into the compound annual growth rate and instability concerning the selected spices in terms of area, production, productivity, and export performance. Key findings shed light on India’s position in the global spice market and reveal the trajectory of spice growth compared to the preceding decade (2001-2010). A critical concern for sustaining export market viability lies in enhancing productivity while maintaining product quality. Recommendations include cultivating high-quality products, stringent quality control measures, staying abreast of global market trends, implementing adequate storage protocols, ensuring proper harvesting practices, and maintaining environmental and personal hygiene. Furthermore, the study suggests introducing agricultural schemes to support spice cultivation, thereby boosting production, productivity, and ultimately impacting the Indian economy positively. These efforts aim to foster sustainable growth and competitiveness in the global spice market while ensuring the prosperity of Indian farmers and the agricultural sector.

Rebirth from the ashes: Failure events and new venture creation in Norway

How do failure events affect subsequent new venture creation? The existing literature seems to point in two opposing directions. While the information perspective suggests that failure events undermine collective beliefs about market viability, the competition view implies that failures may foster entrepreneurship via easing competition in both factor and product markets. To address this question, we adopt an inductive approach and analyse registry data in Norway. Based on the firm-level microdata, we construct an industry-region-level marketspace to analyse the number of firm failures and new ventures in different markets. Results show that failures of existing firms generally lead to more venture creation in the same market, albeit being contingent on industry features. And such effect is mainly ‘pulled’ by product market vacuum, rather than ‘pushed’ by factor abundance. However, we also observe that ventures that are created following failure events are less likely to survive.