Market Insertion Research Articles

Labor Market Insertion Strategies in the Public Sector: A Study of Untrm Accounting Graduates (2021-2023)

This study analyzes the strategies that favor the labor market insertion of Accounting graduates of the Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza (UNTRM) in public entities during the period 2021-2023. A quantitative methodology was used, with a descriptive and correlational design, applying surveys to 81 graduates. The data were processed using SPSS and inferential statistical techniques such as Pearson's correlation coefficient were used. The results revealed that the main obstacles are lack of work experience and insufficient dissemination of opportunities. The most effective strategies were agreements between the university and public entities, although the need to implement internship and mentoring programs is highlighted. The conclusion is that it is essential to strengthen the preparation of graduates in soft and technological skills to improve their insertion in the public sector.

Gender differences in the labour market insertion of tourism graduates

This article studies gender differences in labour mobility, employment type, contract type, and sectoral mismatch among tourism graduates in the first 4 years after graduation. We exploit a longitudinal dataset of seven graduation cohorts to ascertain gender differences in their labour market insertion process at the beginning of their careers. We estimate Heckman probit regressions for each outcome variable that deal with self-selection into employment status. Our results show that females are less likely to move outside their region for labour reasons and more likely to work part-time and with temporal contracts. Moreover, females exhibit a 15 per cent higher probability of being horizontally mismatched in their jobs. Importantly, the documented gap remains over time and even widens, suggesting a faster transition of males towards matched jobs and better labour conditions.

Mapping the Occupations of Recent Graduates. The Role of Academic Background in the Digital Era

The progressive robotisation and the introduction of artificial intelligence imply economic and social changes. In this paper, we investigate their impact on the occupations of recent Spanish graduates and examine how graduates with different skills can expect their occupations to be transformed by the digital era. To this end –using a three-step approach—we first map occupations in terms of the level of the transformative and destructive effects of digitalization, and determine which groups are most threatened. Second, we characterize the technological occupational groups according to dimensions related to worker and job requirements, such as abilities, skills and tasks performed. Finally, we explore the influence of educational background on the probability of belonging to each group. The analysis relies on three data sources—the main one being microdata from the Survey on Labour Market Insertion of University Graduates (EILU-2019)—which provide exhaustive information about students’ education and training during and after their degree. Results show that only about 15% of graduates hold jobs that have a high probability of being replaced by machines over the next 10–20 years, although a significant number will still face changes in their occupations that will affect skill requirements. Graduates working in these occupations will need a high level of flexibility if they are to adjust to rapid changes and not be displaced. Moreover, certain features of students’ academic background –such as the field of study or more formal education– play a key role and offer some tips to mitigate possible disruptions in graduate employability.

Dual Vocational Training Students in Andalusia: Perspectives and Challenges

The implementation of the dual vocational training policy establishes horizontal training between schools and the labour market, contributes to educational continuity and is an effective measure against early school leaving. In addition, it has a link with the business sector that enables labour integration and also participates in the training and qualification of students. To approach it, we start from a historical overview of education, where we analyse the different laws passed in recent decades and investigate dual vocational training as an effective policy for training for employment and training of skills, abilities and competences necessary for the acquisition of a job. To this end, we present a study in which we make visible, through interviews, the perspective of students in relation to vocational training in the autonomous community of Andalusia. The majority of those interviewed gave a positive assessment of these studies. Moreover, the interviews show how this educational policy has a positive impact on the labour market insertion of the participants.

Impact of educational financing on the social mobility of university graduates: An analysis using regression discontinuities

The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of the financial aid programme at a private university in Venezuela on the outcome variables of post-graduation or social mobility, such as remuneration at the time of graduation and at present, and the probability of entering the labour market. We used the fuzzy regression design for multiple treatments, given that the programme consists of the application of percentage discounts on tuition, where the allocation index only shows the probability of being treated, thus finding beneficiary individuals to the right and to the left of the threshold at each of the cut-off points. The results show that there are differences in labour market insertion between treated and untreated individuals, in favour of the former, but higher wages for non-beneficiaries. As for the estimates of the fuzzy regression regressions for both remuneration at the different points in time and labour market insertion, it is not possible to identify a positive impact of the treatment.

Risk and protective factors in the training‐employment trajectory of young adult migrants who have left the guardianship system

AbstractIn recent years, young people's economic and employment possibilities have been compromised, especially in the case of vulnerable populations such as unaccompanied foreign minors who migrate to Spain and enter the guardianship system. The aim of this study was to identify this group's most representative training trajectories, and determine the risk and protective factors involved in their insertion to the labour market. To this end, 16 semi‐structured interviews were conducted with young adult migrants who had left the system and 15 with professionals involved in their socio‐educational intervention. The results highlight various factors that hinder the inclusion of young adult migrants in the formal education system, which has a negative impact on their subsequent insertion to the labour market. Actions and proposals were collected that aim to foster the educational inclusion of young adult migrants and promote their labour market insertion; an area considered essential in the transition to adulthood.

Soft skills and the labor market insertion of students in the last cycles of administration at a university in northern Lima

The search for a job by students who are about to graduate from their universities has become very complex because the current market and the recruitment of new personnel in different companies has become very demanding, since companies currently have their sights set on people who are not only good professionals and have technical knowledge, because what is required now is personnel who can develop, providing ideas and solutions in different internal conflicts, to be able to cope with situations of uncertainty. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to determine the relationship between soft skills and the labor market insertion of students in the last cycles of a university in northern Lima in the year 2023. The present research is of a basic type, it presents a descriptive correlational scope of non-experimental cross-sectional design, showing a hypothetical deductive method and quantitative approach. Through the use of the questionnaire of questions, by means of the Likert scale, it allowed obtaining data from a total population of 119 students, taking as a random sample a total of 94 students. At the conclusion of the surveys it was obtained that the Rho Spearman relationship shows a result of .703 between variable 1 Soft Skills and variable 2 Job placement, in turn, the bilateral significance level is 0,01 which shows that there is a high positive correlation between the 2 variables mentioned. The conclusion is that soft skills are significantly related to labor market insertion, alluding that they are important and participate in the labor market insertion process, and that they are taken into account by companies who are looking for new collaborators capable of resolving conflicts and possessing these skills, which increase productivity within a company

Evaluation of Training Contracts for Young People in Spain, Germany, and France

Youth unemployment is one of the greatest concerns to labour authorities. To try to reduce its intensity and to improve the labour market insertion rates of the youngest working-age population, most European Union (EU) countries have opted, among other measures, for job training. This is an action that seeks to combine work with training. Spain is one of the countries with the greatest problems of labour market integration for young people, in contrast to other countries such as Germany or France. The Spanish case is also characterised by the application of a set of actions that have not always had the desired success, despite being framed within the EU Youth Guarantee Programme. The results from this research indicate that improvements can be made in the application of training contracts in Spain, based on the approach used in other countries.

Migration Trajectories of Indonesian Expatriates in South Korea

Abstract: Despite its ambition to tap into global talent, South Korea has been struggling to scout and facilitate the migration of professional migrants. This study investigates the migration trajectory of Indonesian expatriates and how they successfully achieve labor market insertion in South Korea. It focuses on the mobility routes of migrants to become highly skilled workers: their motivation, the ways they migrate, and elaborates on how migrants from a developing country enhance their likelihood of getting hired. Nine professionals from the under-researched group were interviewed to uncover a range of migration trajectories and its relationship with employment prospects. The findings suggest that ethnic identity is crucial to improve the labor market outcome, which indicates an exclusive and ethnicized labor market in Korea.

Valoración de las competencias de empleabilidad en estudiantes peruanos de educación superior tecnológica: Un estudio comparativo

Employability skills are essential to enter, maintain promotion and progress in employment, and are especially relevant in the labor market insertion of disadvantaged young people, hence the importance of the study to know the perception of students in the last cycles of studies in the understanding that their graduation is approaching. The objective of this study is to compare the assessment of employability from the perspective of Peruvian students, the context and their circumstances; the sample consisted of two groups of technological higher education students from the Peruvian coast and highlands; the dimensions assessed refer to the strengths and resources, weaknesses and deficiencies, impulse control, proactive behavior, and self-care and personal image they show towards the world of work. For the study, the online application of the EAS35 questionnaire called Employability appraisal scale was carried out, in which 593 students of the last cycles of studies participated, all participants were of legal age; it is a quantitative approach research, non-experimental design and comparative level. The findings reveal that the answers were mostly given by women with 67% of participation in the study, in addition to which it is evident that the percentage results have minimal variations between the students of both regions. It is concluded that there is a comprehensive approach to employability competency from two different contexts, which maintain the same strengths as weaknesses, there are high percentages of students who have not had any work experience despite being in the V and VI cycle, which are the last semesters of professional training.

Refugees and asylum seekers in informal and precarious jobs: early labour market insertion from the perspectives of professionals and volunteers

PurposeThis article aims to explore the engagement of refugees and asylum seekers (RAS) in informal and precarious jobs from a civil society actors' perspective. Despite a burgeoning literature on refugee integration and a focus on institutional integration programmes, little is known about the early insertion of RAS into informal and precarious employment as an alternative to subsidised integration programmes, when these are available.Design/methodology/approachThis article draws on rich qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews with social workers, volunteers and other professionals supporting migrants.FindingsData analysis shows that migrants' insertion in informal jobs and their rejection of integration programmes may be the result of people's need to access financial capital to cover actual and future needs. Although such an engagement may be criticised for hampering RAS’ integration, it can be seen as an important source of agency against insecurity surrounding one's legal status.Originality/valueThis article highlights the importance of legal status precarity in shaping informal workers' agency and perceptions of them, opening up a debate on the relevance of informal work in terms of long-term integration and future migration trajectories.

Labour market dynamics and youth unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia

AbstractAlthough it is well‐established in the literature that unemployment is a labour market insertion problem in the Middle East and North Africa, the dynamics driving unemployment remain poorly understood. Using data from the Labor Market Panel Surveys in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia, we offer insights into youth unemployment by studying flows into and out of unemployment. Female youth and Tunisian youth of both genders are particularly likely to experience long periods of unemployment. Educated youth from higher socioeconomic status backgrounds are more likely to experience unemployment, but there is not a strong relationship between background and unemployment duration.

Brazilian Contemporary Art in the International Art Market

With changes in the art world, the Brazilian Contemporary art becomes an interesting subject to be analyzed in its relationship to the art market dynamics. The international art market has been growing since late 90s thanks to globalization. In this sense, the problematization of the research lies in an economical perspective of the art market to understand Brazilian Contemporary art internationalization through art fairs, biennials, art galleries and auction houses. With this analysis, the objective is to present an opinion about the panorama of Brazilian Contemporary art and its international market insertion.

Beliefs and Social Structure: Determinants of Female Labour Participation in an Ecuadorian Andean Community

The aim was to identify the determinants of female labour participation and willingness to work in one of the poorest agricultural areas of the Ecuadorian Andes with a high indigenous population. A stratified random sample of 268 women by parish was used to collect the information. Social, demographic, and economic variables, as well as norms, values, beliefs, and social structure were consulted. A hypothesis test of means was used to identify possible differences in cultural variables. In addition, the identification of the determinants of labour market insertion was estimated through discrete choice models (logit), selecting the one that best classified the data by means of the confusion matrix. Significant differences were identified in the beliefs analysed based on prejudice towards women’s work (gender roles), attitudes towards children, and intersectionality (discrimination based on ethnicity) by estimating mean differences, considering education, marital status, ethnicity, and labour insertion as grouping variables. The results of the estimations indicate that female labour force participation depends on age, marital status, experience, number of children, education, ethnicity, head of household, social structure (ethnicity), and dimensions of beliefs and values. Willingness to work is explained by attitude towards children, experience, and age. Beliefs and social structure can therefore enhance female labour.

Intra-Latin American Brain Drain Patterns: Speech, Political Action, Statistics, and Testimonies of Labor Market Insertion of the Venezuelan Population in Argentina

Abstract Brain drain is known as the phenomenon in which people with knowledge or technical skills migrate to another country. Nowadays, brain drain is one of the most common forms of migration. Latin American countries are not exempt from this type of migration. Thus, in this article, we will investigate this phenomenon through the study and collection of data on Venezuelan people who migrate to Argentina, identifying the trends, characteristics, and situations in which the brain drain takes place.

Indicadores de saúde bucal e inserção no mercado de trabalho: estudo descritivo com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, Brasil, 2019

Abstract Objective: to describe three oral health indicators-the proportions of tooth loss, dental visits, and toothbrushing frequency-according to job market insertion in 2019. Methods: a descriptive study with data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS). We included individuals aged from 18 years or older, irrespective of employment status. We calculated the oral health indicators, as well as their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: the sample was composed by 54,343 workers, 29,889 (53.9%) being male. The proportion of 13 or more teeth loss was higher in the informal employment sector [10.5% (95%CI: 9.8;11.2)]. The proportion of people that did not consult a dentist in the previous 12 months was higher in the informal sector [51.9% (95%CI: 50.8;53.0)] and among unemployed [52.4% (95%CI: 49.6;55.2)]. Lower toothbrushing frequency was observed in the informal workers’ group [5.2% (95%CI: 4.7;5.6)] and among male workers [7.5% (95%CI: 6.8;8.2)]. Conclusion: worse oral health indicators were found among informal and unemployed workers, in addition to gender inequalities.

Oral health indicators and job market insertion: a descriptive study with data from the National Health Survey, Brazil, 2019

Resumo Objetivo: descrever três indicadores de saúde bucal - as proporções de perda dentária, de consulta ao dentista e de frequência de escovação dentária - segundo o tipo de inserção na força de trabalho, no ano de 2019. Métodos: estudo descritivo realizado com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2019. Foram incluídos indivíduos empregados ou desempregados, com 18 anos ou mais. Foram calculados os indicadores de saúde bucal, assim como seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 54.343 trabalhadores, sendo 29.889 (53,9%) do sexo masculino. A proporção de perda de 13 ou mais dentes foi maior no setor informal [10,5% (IC95%: 9,8;11,2)]. A proporção de pessoas que não consultaram um dentista nos últimos 12 meses foi maior no setor informal [51,9% (IC95%: 50,8;53,0)] e entre os desempregados [52,4% (IC95%: 49,6;55,2)]. Menor frequência de escovação dentária foi observada no grupo com vínculo informal de emprego [5,2% (IC95%: 4,7;5,6)] e entre indivíduos do sexo masculino [7,5% (IC95%: 6,8;8,2)]. Conclusão: piores indicadores foram encontrados entre os trabalhadores do setor informal ou desempregados e foram observadas desigualdades entre os sexos.

Traducción e interpretación en los servicios públicos: formación y competencias útiles para el mercado laboral

Public service interpreting and translation (PSIT) is a subfield of translation and interpreting. Still, it could stand independently due to the variety of subfields it encompasses and, thus, the job possibilities. Despite being considered an under-professionalised field in Spain, hundreds of graduates are interested and trained in PSIT, hoping to enhance their employment chances. However, this field relies on very few studies that focus specifically on employment, the skills that can make students employable or the graduates’ perspectives regarding the usefulness of the education and training received. This paper has three objectives: to explore the most useful skills for the PSIT labour market in Spain from the perspective of the graduates of a specific programme based on a selection of skills, to explore the potential relationship between internships and labour market insertion and to determine differences by language pairs. Results are obtained based on data gathered through a questionnaire sent to this specific training programme graduates. They show essential differences between the perception of the different language pairs in which the programme is taught, which could be correlated with other labour market needs and job opportunities. In turn, these differences also affect the usefulness of the skills that the students develop in the programme. Moreover, despite the variety of the subfields involved in the PSIT field, there is a specific relation between internships and certain jobs, especially for part of the Arabic, Chinese, French, and Russian groups graduates.

Gender, transsexuality and labor insertion

Introduction: Transsexuality and employment discrimination have been topics of interest and debate in Argentina. The diversity of gender identities faces stigmatization and social rejection, which negatively impacts employment opportunities and self-esteem of transgender people. This study focuses on analyzing public policies and initiatives to improve the labor market insertion of this group, examining their effectiveness and challenges.Development: The study highlights the importance of the Gender Identity Law in Argentina, which has been a pioneer in recognizing self-perception of gender identity without medical or judicial requirements. However, despite these inclusive policies, labor discrimination continues to be a reality for many trans people. There is a lack of official data on their employment situation, which hinders the formulation of effective policies. Initiatives such as work cooperatives managed by trans people, which seek to provide alternatives to prostitution, as well as job training programs, are explored. These measures are valuable, but their effective implementation is a challenge.Conclusions: Employment discrimination remains a significant obstacle for trans people in Argentina, despite policies and programs designed to address this issue. The lack of accurate data makes it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of these policies. To improve the labor market insertion of transgender people, it is necessary to address not only discrimination in the workplace, but also prejudices rooted in society. Education and awareness-raising are key tools in this process. Continued efforts are required to promote gender equality and respect the diversity of gender identities in the workplace in Argentina. This will not only benefit trans people, but will also enrich society as a whole.

Inclusive Recruitment: Exploring Theories, Legal Aspects, and Trans Talent in the Corporate World

The labor market is accompanied by mechanisms that distinguish and separate certain groups from society, regardless of the capabilities and capacities of individuals. There are a series of social and cultural practices that condition the exclusion of trans people in different areas, particularly in the labor sector. A research with qualitative, exploratory, flexible design methodology was carried out with the objective of identifying the barriers in the hiring process of a trans person in a company of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires in the period from May to July 2022. After the development of this research, it was described how gender stereotypes typical of the heteropatriarchal system interfere negatively in the labor insertion of trans women. The recent research analyzed highlights the inequalities and exclusions that this group still suffers, both internationally and in the local context. Specifically in Argentina, it is observed that years after the enactment of the Gender Identity Law and the achievements made in recent years in terms of recognition, there is still resistance to change and evident forms of discrimination against this group in terms of labor market insertion.