Marker Of Acute Coronary Syndrome Research Articles

Hemoglobin/creatinine ratio as long- term prognostic marker in acute coronary syndromes: a praise registry study

Abstract Introduction Anemia and renal impairment are key determinants of adverse outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The hemoglobin/creatinine (Hb/Cr) ratio, a simple and universally accessible index that combines these two factors, was found to predict adverse outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. There is limited evidence on the performance of the Hb/Cr ratio in predicting long-term adverse outcomes in the specific setting of ACS. Purpose To evaluate the long-term prognostic impact of the Hb/Cr ratio in patients with ACS. Methods Out of the 23,270 ACS patients enrolled in the international PRAISE registry between 2003 and 2019, 3.465 were excluded due to missing data and 19.805 were included in this analysis. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at one year follow-up. Secondary endpoints were major bleeding and the composite of all-cause mortality or reinfarction at one year follow-up. A cut-point analysis according to Liu’s method was run to evaluate the best discriminative value of the Hb/Cr ratio for the prediction of all-cause mortality. Results The cut-point analysis showed that a cut-off value of 13.79 represented the most discriminative in predicting all-cause mortality at one year (CI 13.35–14.23; AUC 0.66), and that mortality increased exponentially when the ratio was <12.4. On the basis of this discriminative value, we divided our population into low vs. high Hb/Cr groups. The former included 5,874 (29.7%) patients, while the latter included 13,931 (70.3%). Patients in the low Hb/Cr group were older, more frequently female, and had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, and history of coronary artery disease. Conversely, patients in the high Hb/Cr group were mostly men and more frequently admitted with a STEMI diagnosis. One year post-discharge from ACS, all-cause mortality (8.3% vs. 2.3%; p < 0.001), major bleeding (5.4% vs. 2.2%; p < 0.001) and the composite of all-cause mortality or reinfarction (11.6% vs. 4.7%; p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the low Hb/Cr group. Bivariate regression analysis showed that Hb/Cr ratio was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (OR 0.85; CI 0.84 – 0.86; p < 0.0001), major bleeding (OR 0.91; CI 0.89-0.92; p < 0.0001), and the composite of all-cause mortality or reinfarction (OR 0.89; CI 0.88-0.90; p < 0.0001). This association held strongly true even after an extensive adjustment for several covariates, including cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, and discharge medical therapy: all-cause mortality (OR 0.95; CI 0.92 – 0.97; p < 0.0001), major bleeding (OR 0.92; CI 0.89-0.95; p < 0.0001), composite of all-cause mortality or reinfarction (OR 0.96; CI 0.94-0.98; p < 0.0001). Conclusions HB/Cr ratio appears to be inversely associated with long-term adverse outcomes among ACS patients. Further research is warranted before routinely considering this index in clinical practice.

Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Potential Diagnostic Marker for Acute Coronary Syndromes in Resource-Limited Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study from Single Center in Banten, Indonesia

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) poses a significant global health burden, particularly in resource-limited settings where access to advanced diagnostic tools is often constrained. The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), a simple and readily available marker from routine blood tests, has shown promise as a potential diagnostic tool for ACS. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of PLR in identifying ACS patients in a resource-limited setting in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Hermina Periuk Hospital, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia, between December 2020 and December 2022. Patients presenting to the Emergency Room with a diagnosis of ACS were included. PLR was calculated from complete blood count data, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) served as the gold standard for ACS diagnosis. The diagnostic performance of PLR in predicting elevated cTnI levels was assessed. Results: Of the 121 patients initially identified, 39 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Elevated PLR values (>116) were observed in 25 patients (64.1%), while 15 patients (38.5%) had elevated cTnI levels. A statistically significant correlation was found between elevated PLR and elevated cTnI (p = 0.018). No significant association was observed between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and elevated cTnI. Conclusion: PLR demonstrates potential as a diagnostic marker for ACS in resource-limited settings. Its simplicity, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness make it a valuable tool for early identification and risk stratification of ACS patients, particularly in areas with limited access to advanced cardiac diagnostics.

Ischemia-modified albumin: is it a promising marker in acute coronary syndrome?

BackgroundAcute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a type of coronary heart disease (CHD), which is responsible for one-third of total deaths in people older than 35 years. Even though cardiac troponin is the gold standard for myocardial necrosis it is blind for ischemia without necrosis. Studies demonstrate that Ischaemia Modified Albumin (IMA) is more sensitive in diagnosing ischemic chest pain compared to cardiac troponin T and electrocardiogram, and its combination with these tests significantly increases the sensitivity for diagnosing unstable angina, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), or ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), with high positive and negative predictive values, making it a valuable tool for ruling out ACS in patients with inconclusive diagnoses in the emergency department.MethodsThis prospective cohort study, conducted at the Teaching Hospital, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, from 2015 to 2019, investigated ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels in 330 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Excluding those with various chronic conditions and those on specific medications, serum IMA was analyzed using a colorimetric assay based on cobalt (II) binding to human serum albumin affected by myocardial ischemia. Serum IMA levels were measured, and statistical analyses, including non-parametric tests and correlation analyses, were conducted to evaluate the association between IMA levels and various demographic and clinical factors.ResultsIMA concentrations were found to be non-normally distributed, with an average concentration of 0.252 ± 0.123 AU. No overall significant gender-based difference in IMA levels was observed, though within the younger age group (< 59 years), males exhibited higher IMA concentrations than females. Significant gender differences were observed in the younger age group, with males showing higher IMA levels than females (p = 0.033). No significant differences in IMA levels were found across different ethnicities (p = 0.217) or BMI categories (p = 0.056). A significant increase in IMA levels was noted in ACS patients compared to control subjects (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between IMA levels and total cholesterol (r = 0.262, p = 0.009) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (r = 0.280, p = 0.006). Notably, a significant gender difference in IMA levels was found in obese patients, suggesting physiological differences in response to obesity. The study also revealed higher IMA concentrations in NSTEMI and STEMI patients compared to those with unstable angina.ConclusionThe study confirms elevated IMA levels in ACS patients, supporting its diagnostic potential. It reveals demographic influences, such as higher IMA levels in younger males and significant gender-specific differences in obese patients. Personalized approaches considering demographics and lipid management are essential for ACS risk reduction and IMA’s role in management.

Platelet indices as diagnostic and prognostic markers in acute coronary syndrome

Platelet indices as diagnostic and prognostic markers in acute coronary syndrome

Associations of the CYP7A1 Gene Polymorphisms Located in the Promoter and Enhancer Regions with the Risk of Acute Coronary Syndrome, Plasma Cholesterol, and the Incidence of Diabetes.

Cholesterol-7-alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of bile salts, and its activity can contribute to determining cholesterol levels and, consequently, the risk of developing coronary atherosclerotic disease. We evaluated whether seven (rs3808607 G/T, rs9297994 G/A, rs10504255 A/G, rs8192870 G/T, rs2081687 C/T, rs1457043 C/T, and rs10107182 C/T) polymorphisms located in the promoter and enhancer regions of the CYP7A1 gene, which have not been sufficiently explored, are candidates of risk markers of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the Mexican population. These polymorphisms were determined in a group of 1317 patients with ACS and 1046 control subjects. The results showed that, under different inheritance models, the alleles rs9297994 G, rs10504255 G, rs8192870 T, rs2081687 T, and rs10107182 C were significantly associated with an increased risk of ACS (pC < 0.05). In addition, the incidence of dyslipidemia among patients with ACS, notably high total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and low HDL-cholesterol plasma levels, were more frequent in carriers of the same five risk alleles associated with ACS (p < 0.05). There was also an unexpected increased incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with ACS who are homozygous for the rs2081687 T, rs9297944 G, rs10504255 G, and rs10107182 C alleles of the CYP7A1 gene, suggesting that such gene variants enhance the development of coronary complications in patients with diabetes (p < 0.05). In summary, our study demonstrated that five polymorphisms situated in the promoter and enhancer regions of the CYP7A1 gene are associated with the risk of ACS and higher incidences of dyslipidemia and T2DM in Mexican patients with ACS.

Risk factors and diagnostic markers for acute coronary syndrome in chronic kidney disease

Introduction. Acute coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In addition, CKD itself is the initiator of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the prevalence of which is greater, the more pronounced the impairment of kidney function and the more concomitant risk factors in the patient.Aim. To study the predictive value of various laboratory and instrumental markers in identifying the risk of developing ACS in patients with CKD.Materials and methods. A search was made for articles for the last 10 years in the databases: PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar and eLIBRARY by keywords in Russian and English, the articles were selected in accordance with the purpose of the study.Results. ACS manifests itself in CKD patients with an atypical picture, and in 3 % of cases it is generally asymptomatic. The risk of death from cardiovascular complications increases in proportion to the deterioration of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This progression also increases the risk of coronary artery calcification. At the same time, it was found that cystatin C is a more universal marker of a decrease in GFR than creatinine. Other laboratory markers that indicate the risk of ACS are inflammatory markers, albuminuria, troponins, natriuretic peptide.Conclusion. So far as ACS is atypical or asymptomatic, in addition to troponins and traditional instrumental diagnostic methods, markers such as GFR, albuminuria, an increase in serum cystatin C, phosphate, fibroblast growth factor-23, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, total parathyroid hormone, fibrinogen, natriuretic peptide can help in its prediction.

Evaluation of Heart Fatty Acid Binding Protein (H-FABP) As A Diagnostic Marker in Acute Coronary Syndrome

Evaluation of Heart Fatty Acid Binding Protein (H-FABP) As A Diagnostic Marker in Acute Coronary Syndrome

Triglyceride Glucose Index (TyG Index) as a Prognostic Marker for Acute Coronary Syndrome – NSTEMI/STEMI

Triglyceride Glucose Index (TyG Index) as a Prognostic Marker for Acute Coronary Syndrome – NSTEMI/STEMI

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictive marker for acute coronary syndrome

Abstract Introduction: Measurement of a simple inflammatory marker like neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) could improve the risk stratification of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), especially in a limited resource country like ours. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the predictive value of NLR in determining ACS. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted. A total of 101 patients suffering from angina/angina equivalents with electrocardiography (ECG) changes or typical elevation of cardiac enzymes (troponin T/creatinine phosphokinase-MB [CPK-MB]) who present to the hospital within 12 h of the onset of symptoms were selected and analyzed for the study. Results: The study found that NLR significantly correlated with CPK-MB and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Conclusion: It was found that NLR showed significant correlations with CPK-MB and LVEF, indicating its usefulness as a predictive factor for the severity of ACS. NLR was also not affected by the type of ACS or other comorbidities/risk factors of diabetes and hypertension, indicating its role as an independent prognostic factor in ACS.

Serum Magnesium as a prognostic marker in acute coronary syndromes and its correlation with coronary prognostic index

Serum Magnesium as a prognostic marker in acute coronary syndromes and its correlation with coronary prognostic index

Serum miR-377 Can Be Used as a Diagnostic Marker for Acute Coronary Syndrome and Can Regulate Proinflammatory Factors and Endothelial Injury Markers.

The diagnostic value of microRNA-377 (miR-377) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and explored miR-377's potential mechanisms. We performed an qRT-PCR to assess serum miR-377 levels in ACS patients and coronary artery ligation rat models. The diagnostic value of miR-377 was evaluated by determining the ROC curve. An ELISA assay was conducted to detect the model rat endothelial damage markers von Willebrand factor (vWF) and heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP), and proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. The serum miR-377 level was elevated in the ACS patients and significantly increased in the ACS rats. MiR-377 has a high diagnostic value in ACS patients, with a 0.844 ROC, 76.47% specificity, and 87.10% sensitivity. MiR-377 was positively correlated with the expressions of vWF, H-FABP, cTnI, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. In ACS rats, reducing the expression of miR-377 significantly inhibited the increases in vWF, H-FABP, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. An elevated miR-377 level can be used as a diagnostic marker in patients with ACS. A reduction of miR-377 may alleviate ACS by improving myocardial damage such as endothelial injury and the inflammatory response.

MiR-146a-5p, miR-223-3p and miR-142-3p as Potential Predictors of Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Young Patients with Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction-Added Value over Left Ventricular Myocardial Work Indices.

Acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite continuous advances in diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic methods. Myocardial work (MW) indices and miRNAs have both emerged as potential prognostic markers in acute coronary syndromes in recent years. In this study we aim to assess the prognostic role of myocardial work indices and of a group of miRNAs in young patients with STEMI. We enrolled 50 young patients (<55 years) with STEMI who underwent primary PCI and 10 healthy age-matched controls. We performed standard 2D and 3D echocardiography; we also calculated left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) and the derived myocardial work indices. Using RT-PCR we determined the plasmatic levels of six miRNAs: miR-223-3p, miR-142-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-486-5p and miR-155-5p. We assessed the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at up to one year after STEMI. Out of 50 patients, 18% experienced MACE at the one-year follow-up. In a Cox univariate logistic regression analysis, myocardial work indices were all significantly associated with MACE. The ROC analysis showed that GWI, GCW and GWE as a group have a better predictive value for MACE than each separately (AUC 0.951, p = 0.000). Patients with higher miRNAs values at baseline (miR-223-3p, miR-142-3p and miR-146a-5p) appear to have a higher probability of developing adverse events at 12 months of follow-up. ROC curves outlined for each variable confirmed their good predictive value (AUC = 0.832, p = 0.002 for miR-223-3p; AUC = 0.732, p = 0.031 for miR-142-3p and AUC = 0.848, p = 0.001 for miR-146a-5p); the group of three miRNAs also proved to have a better predictive value for MACE together than separately (AUC = 0.862). Moreover, adding each of the miRNAs (miR-233, miR-142-3p and miR-146a-5p) or all together over the myocardial work indices in the regression models improved their prognostic value. In conclusion, both myocardial work indices (GWI, GCW and GWE) and three miRNAs (miR-223-3p, miR-142-3p and miR-146a-5p) have the potential to be used as prognostic markers for adverse events after acute myocardial infarction. The combination of miRNAs and MW indices (measured at baseline) rather than each separately has very good predictive value for MACE in young STEMI patients (C-statistic 0.977).

Podocan and Adverse Clinical Outcome in Patients Admitted With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndromes.

BackgroundMarkers of bone and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling may be associated with adverse outcomes in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Podocan is a newly discovered ECM glycoprotein, previously not studied in a chest pain population. We wanted to study the association between Podocan levels on admission and the risk of adverse outcomes in a chest pain population with suspected acute coronary syndromes.MethodsA total of 815 patients from the Risk markers in Acute Coronary Syndrome (RACS) trial with suspected coronary chest pain were followed for 7 years. Blood samples were taken immediately after inclusion and stored in the biobank. Associations between Podocan and endpoints were assessed with Cox proportional hazards analyses.ResultsThe median admission level of Podocan was 0.674 ng/ml (0.566–0.908 ng/ml). No significant association was found between Podocan quartile levels and all-cause death, neither at 1 year nor 2- or 7-years follow-up (p > 0.05 for all). Furthermore, no significant association could be shown between Podocan and cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or the composites of all-cause death/MI/stroke or cardiac death/MI/stroke (p > 0.05 for all). Similarly, in a subgroup of patients with Troponin T-positive (n = 432) there was no significant association between Podocan and any of the outcome measures (p > 0.05 for all endpoints and points in time).ConclusionPodocan, a novel ECM biomarker, is not associated with all-cause mortality or other major cardiovascular adverse events in patients admitted with acute chest pain suspected to be of coronary origin.Clinical Trials.gov Identifier:NCT00521976.

Computerized history taking improves HEART score determination in acute chest pain patients

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Robert Bosch Stiftung (Stuttgart, Germany) Region Stockholm (ALF project; Stockholm, Sweden) Introduction Chest pain is a common chief complaint in emergency departments (EDs). The Acute Cardiovascular Care Association recommends the use of History, ECG, Age, Risk factors, and Troponin (HEART) score for risk stratification. In hectic and overcrowded EDs computerized history taking (CHT) is one structured way for collecting the components of HEART score, which include medical history (H- and R-variables). Purpose To determine the proportion of acute chest pain patients where CHT can be used to calculate HEART score, and what interrater reliability the included variables have with physician acquired medical history. Methods Prospective cohort study with acute chest pain patients self-reporting medical histories using a CHT program (Clinical Expert Operating System, CLEOS) on a tablet. CLEOS, with &amp;gt;17,000 decision nodes, mimics a physician interview and tailors each interview continuously depending on previous answers. Clinically stable women and men aged &amp;gt;18 years with a chief complaint of chest pain and non-diagnostic ECG or serum markers for acute coronary syndrome were enrolled. Patients unable to carry out a CHT interview (e.g., severe impaired vision or confusion) were excluded. As recommended in regional guidelines a modified HEART score using the traditional classification of anginal symptoms, i.e. 1) central chest pain, 2) provoked by physical exertion and/or emotional stress, and 3) relieved by rest and/or nitrates, and traditional risk factors was used (see Table 1). Observations to each discrete H- and R-variable and medical history data were extracted from electronic health records (EHR) and the CHT database by the research staff. Cohen’s kappa statistics and interpretation according to Landis &amp; Koch was used to describe the interrater reliability. Results A total of 1,000 consecutive patients were enrolled in one tertiary university hospital ED during 2017–2019 (mean age 55±17 years; 54% women), comparable to the general chest pain population (mean age 58±19 years; 50% women). A complete HEART score could be calculated in 60% of patients (H-variable 91%; R-variable 60%). Registered observations from EHR and CHT and interrater reliability data are presented in Table 1. Interrater reliability for the H-variable (classical anginal symptoms) was slight to moderate (kappa 0.19-0.44) and the R-variable (traditional risk factors) was moderate to almost perfect (kappa 0.56-0.88). Conclusions HEART score could be calculated in a majority of acute chest pain patients by the use of CHT. Interrater reliability was high for traditional risk factors but low to moderate for classical anginal symptoms. Our ongoing studies assess whether CHT combined with a risk score such as HEART score in an acute setting can be useful for improved risk stratification and, more important, to improve clinical outcomes.

FEATURES OF THE CLINICAL COURSE OF NON-ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME DEPENDING ON THE INDICATOR OF THE PULSE WAVE VELOCITY

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) could be used as a predictor of the course of CVD. A carotid–femoral PWV above 10 m/s was determined in 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension as factors influencing cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension. Exactly the carotid–femoral PWV is considered the gold standard for arterial stiffness assessment in clinical practice. Usually PWV predict the long-term outcomes (in a few month or years) of the development of cardiovascular events. There are a lack of information about using PWV as prognostic marker in acute coronary syndrome.&#x0D; The aim: to study the features of the clinical course of the non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) depending on the carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and find out possibilities of using PWV as marker of intrahospital clinical outcomes.&#x0D; Materials and methods. 80 patients were recruited. All patients were hospitalized into myocardial infarction departments with a diagnosis of NSTE-ACS. Patients over 18 years of age who were hospitalized for the first 3 days after the onset of pain and signed the agreement to participate in the study were included. Exclusion criteria were the moderate or severe anemia, severe chronic renal failure, and chronic diseases in the acute or decompensated stage. The average age of patients was 64.5 [55; 72] years. Male patients are 45 persons (56.3%). Were performed standard general laboratory and instrumental examinations. Measuring of free DNA levels, and ischemic albumin were performed on 1st and 6th days of hospitalization. Also noninvasive measured of PWV. Noninvasive PWV measurements were performed after stabilization of the hemodynamic for excluding incorrect results due to its strong connection with current blood pressure. 2 groups were formed depend on the PWV above or less than 10 m/s. The analysis was performed by using non-parametric statistical methods (Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon T-test, Pearson's χ2 test). The results were considered statistically significant at p &lt;0.05.&#x0D; Results. Patients did not have a statistically significant difference in such parameters as gender, anamnestic data (hypertension, myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes mellitus), hemodynamic parameters, ECG changes at the moment of hospitalization and laboratory parameters. There was a tendency that patients with elevated PWV were older (69 [55.3; 77.8] years vs. 63.5 [55.3; 70.8] years) (p = 0.077). Such parameters as left ventricular ejection fraction and discharge diagnosis were similar. Patients with elevated PWV had significantly more active cytolysis. This is proved by significantly higher levels of free DNA both on the first day and on the 6th day of hospitalization. In patients with normal PWV levels, free DNA decreased in dynamics, while in patients with PWV above 10 m / s this marker remained at the same level. It was also founded that patients with elevated PWV had delayed ischemia (on the 6th day of hospital stay), which was confirmed by a higher level of ischemia-modified albumin than in the group with PWV less 10 m / s.&#x0D; Conclusions. Patients with increased and normal PWV have quite similar group characteristic according typical clinical signs, results of laboratory and instrumental investigations. Due to the studying of free DNA and ischemia-modified albumin were clarified that PWV above 10 m/s is associated with delayed ischemia and longer tissue damage and could be used to predict it.

ST yükselmesiz miyokard enfarktüslü yaşlı hastalarda hastane içi mortaliteyi öngörmek için yüksek duyarlı modifiye Glasgow prognostik skoru

Aim: Inflammation and malnutrition are poor prognostic markers in acute coronary syndromes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between high sensitive modified Glasgow prognostic score (HS-mGPS), derived from C-reactive protein and serum albumin levels, and in-hospital mortality of elderly patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).&#x0D; Material and Methods: Included subjects were recruited from three different tertiary health centers. Totally, 282 eligible patients aged &gt;65 years with diagnosis of NSTEMI were retrospectively enrolled. Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score for in-hospital mortality and HS-mGPS was calculated for each patient. Subjects were categorized according to their inflammation-based scores ((high HS-mGPS group (HS-mGPS ≥1, n=124) vs. low HS-mGPS group (HS-mGPS =0, n=158)). &#x0D; Results: Both groups were similar regarding admission blood pressure levels, coronary angiography findings, treatment modalities and GRACE scores. Patients with high HS-mGPS had higher admission heart rate and longer hospitalization duration compared to low HS-mGPS group. In-hospital mortality rates were higher in high HS-mGPS group compared to low HS-mGPS group (21.8% (n=27) vs. 3.2% (n=5), respectively, P

Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative stress in the Prediction and Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome

The assessment of patients presenting with chest pain or symptoms indicative of cardiac ischemia remains a diagnostic challenge. Many types of research have focused on the search for ideal biological markers for the rapid detection of cardiac cell injuries. Markers of inflammation and oxidative stress are the way forward. At present, the biomarker most widely used for diagnosing acute coronary syndrome is cardiac troponin though it has some limitations. Apart from cardiac troponin, several other biomarkers, especially inflammation and oxidative stress markers in acute coronary syndrome, have been investigated. However, most of them still require validation in further studies. As markers of inflammation and oxidative stress address a particular aspect of the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndrome, these biomarkers may provide unique information to the managing clinician separate from that of markers of myocyte necrosis. Serum markers of inflammation and oxidative stress appear before cardiac necrosis markers and are valuable targets for early and timely diagnosis of an acute cardiac event. Using these markers in combination with biomarkers of plaque formation, unstable plaque development, plaque rupture, thrombosis, and myocardial necrosis (multimarker approach) could increase their diagnostic and prognostic value.

Identification of key molecular markers of acute coronary syndrome using peripheral blood transcriptome sequencing analysis and mRNA-lncRNA co-expression network construction

ABSTRACT Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe major cardiovascular diseases, and treatment of in-stent restenosis in patients with ACS remains a major clinical challenge. Further investigation into molecular markers of ACS may aid early diagnosis, and the treatment of ACS and post-treatment recurrence. In the present study, total RNA was extracted from the peripheral blood samples of 3 patients with ACS, 3 patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)_non-restenosis, 3 patients with PCI_restenosis and 3 healthy controls. Subsequently, RNA library construction and high-throughput sequencing were performed. DESeq2 package in R was used to screen genes that were differentially expressed between the different samples. Moreover, the intersection of the differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (DElncRNAs) obtained. GeneCodis4.0 was used to perform function enrichment for DEmRNAs, and lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed. The GSE60993 dataset was utilized for diagnostic analysis, and the aforementioned investigations were verified using in vitro studies. Results of the present study revealed a large number of DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs in the different groups. We selected genes in the top 10 of differential expression and also involved in the co-expression of lncRNA-mRNA for diagnostic analysis in the GSE60993 dataset. The area under curve (AUC) of PDZK1IP1 (0.747), PROK2 (0.769) and LAMP3 (0.725) were all >0.7. These results indicated that the identified mRNAs and lncRNAs may act as potential clinical biomarkers, and more specifically, PDZK1IP1, PROK2 and LAMP3 may act as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of ACS.

Prognostic value of hematological and inflammation marker in acute coronary syndrome

Prognostic value of hematological and inflammation marker in acute coronary syndrome

Abstract 9149: The Novel Wnt-Pathway Inhibitor Podocan is Not Associated with All-Cause Mortality or Cardiovascular Outcome in Patients Admitted with Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome

Introduction: Podocan, a novel extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is a smooth muscle cell regulator and abundantly expressed in human atheroma. The association of Podocan with cardiovascular outcome remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of Podocan concerning adverse outcome in patients admitted with acute chest pain suspected to be acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: Plasma Podocan was measured with an enzyme immune assay in samples taken upon hospital admission from patients with suspected ACS who were enrolled in the Risk markers in Acute Coronary Syndrome (RACS) study (NCT00521976). RACS was a Norwegian single center study including patients from November 2002 to September 2003. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, or stroke within 7 years. Additional analyzes included these individual components at 1, 2, and 7 years, and cardiac death at 1 and 2 years. Associations between quartiles of Podocan and the primary outcome, its individual components, and cardiac death were assessed in both univariate analyzes and in stepwise multivariable Cox regression analyzes fitted with significant clinical variables, past medical history, medication, TnT, BNP, and eGFR before Podocan was introduced. Results: Samples were available from 815 patients (mean age: 69.6 years, male: 61.3%, elevated TnT: 53.0%). Mean Podocan level was 1.03 ng/mL (CI 0.93-1.13). Podocan was neither associated with the primary composite endpoint within 7 years in univariate analyzes (X 2 analyzes (p=0.426), AUROC 0.518 (p=0.374), Kaplan Meier analyzes (log-rank test p=0.594), and Cox regression (p=0.595)), nor in multivariable Cox regression analyzes (p=0.744). Similar results were found by analyzes of the individual components of the primary outcome and of cardiac death for all time points, as well as in subgroup analyzes of patients with elevated TnT (p&gt;0.05 for all). Conclusions: This first report in the literature on Podocan in acute chest pain did not reveal any significant predictive value of this novel wnt-pathway inhibitor concerning the combination of all-cause death, MI, or stroke, its individual components or cardiac death in patients admitted with suspected ACS, irrespective of TnT status.