Boundary Markers Research Articles

New algorithm for road boundary marking and highlighting of road tracks with object removal

In the current era, sensing the surroundings is salient development area in the field of autonomous self- driving cars. Aptness of sensing the surrounding helps to determine the travelable area on the road. Various types of road round boundary extraction techniques were available. However, these are not enough for making road boundaries in the unstructured format. In this study, a robust algorithm to detect the road boundaries for both structured and unstructured in different situations is proposed. The objects on the road are also detected in this method that can assist the driver to ensure safe driving. This method is capable of detecting the road and segment the travelable part of the road along with generation of bounding boxes around the detected road objects. The algorithm proposed in this paper is divided into three modules namely Canny module, YOLO v5 module and Hough Transform (HT) module performing three different tasks. The model is robust in boundary detection and road segmentation because the novel architecture that is used exhibits more efficient and reliable results for driver assistance with high accuracy. The NVIDIA RTX 5500 hardware has been used to build the road boundary detecting system. The proposed technique is trained and validated through different sets of images from a data set. The dataset used in making this model is in high-complex non-linear form contain the road images of various situations at different weather conditions. The experimental mean accuracy achieved in this model is 93.45% on both structured and unstructured road. The experiments show that the proposed algorithm can accurately detect the road boundary and segment the travelable road. Key Words: Road Boundary Detection, Road Segmentation, YOLO5, Hough Transform, Autonomous vehicle

PERANAN KELEMBAGAAN KELOMPOK USAHA PERHUTANAN SOSIAL HUTAN ADAT DI NEGERI HUTUMURI KECAMATAN LEITIMUR SELATAN KOTA AMBON

Customary Forest is one of the social forestry schemes in the framework of sustainable forest management by utilizing indigenous communities as the main actors in order to improve welfare, environmental balance and socio-cultural dynamics. Customary Forest is a forest located within the territory of the customary law community. This study aims to examine the role of the Social Forestry Business Group (SFBG) and customary institutions in the management of Customary Forests in Hutumuri village.. The research method used was descriptive qualitative, with data collected through interviews and field observations. Sampling is done by purposive sampling where sampling is based on previously known characteristics or properties of the population (Sugiyono, 2016). The results showed that SFBG has an important role in managing forest resources sustainably and improving the welfare of local communities. SFBG functions in social forestry business development, compliance with regulations, supervision, evaluation, and reporting. The SFBG organizational structure includes a chairperson, secretary, treasurer, planning, implementation, and supervision, each with specific roles. Customary institutions also play an important role in the planning and implementation of institutional improvement programs, such as the inauguration of soa heads and saniri negeri, the establishment of SFBG, and training on forest product processing. In addition, there is a role in the application for the determination of customary forests to the Minister of Environment and Forestry, the location of customary forests belongs to the state or Soa, and the marking of boundaries involves each Soa. In conclusion, the synergy between SFBG and customary institutions is crucial for the successful management of Hutan Adat in Negeri Hutumuri.

High-frequency ultrasound-assisted Mohs micrographic surgery for the treatment of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans

BackgroundDermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a superficial sarcoma characterized by infiltrative growth with tentacle-like borders. Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is the preferred treatment option for DFSP. However, the imprecise boundary localization in MMS leads to an increased number of Mohs layers required and a longer surgery time. High-frequency ultrasound has excellent tissue recognition capability for DFSP, allowing for precise boundary marking. Materials and MethodsIn this study, we retrospectively analyzed 14 cases of DFSP treated with MMS using preoperative ultrasound localization and three-dimensional reconstruction at Xiangya Hospital over the past 5 years. We also reviewed previous studies on MMS for DFSP treatment. ResultsIt was found that the average number of Mohs layers for patients after preoperative ultrasound localization was 1.57, ranging from 1 to 3, which was less than the previously reported 1.86 layers, ranging from 1 to 12. This effectively reduced the number of Mohs layers required. ConclusionsBy utilizing preoperative high-frequency ultrasound to determine the boundaries and depth of DFSP, the number of Mohs layers can be effectively reduced, leading to less workload for pathological examination, shorter operation time, and reduced surgical risks for patients. Ultrasound imaging data can be used for three-dimensional reconstruction, enabling less experienced Mohs surgeons to have a visual understanding of the morphology and extent of infiltration of the lesions. This aids in developing optimal surgical plans, smoothing the learning curve, and promoting the wider adoption of MMS.

The Use of Prosodic Cues in Resolving Ambiguity of Relative Clause Attachment — Prosodic Disambiguation of Chinese EFL Learners

Studies of prosodic disambiguation in second language production can help to explain the development of a learner’s L2 prosody. Previous studies on prosodic disambiguation have found that Chinese EFL learners are capable of using prosodic cues for both boundary marking and focus encoding, but somewhat differently from native English speakers. No clear understanding has yet been obtained about their use of word prominence and prosodic boundary in their speaking production for RC attachment disambiguation. Thus, by using a read-aloud task at sentence level, the present study investigates whether Chinese EFL learners can produce prosodic boundaries and word prominence to disambiguate RC attachment ambiguous sentences in a way similar to native English speakers when informed of the ambiguities in advance. Also, the study gropes into the relationship between English proficiency level and L2 English prosodic disambiguation. The findings in this study will argue for prosodic disambiguation training in foreign language teaching.

Development of a *kl- Consonant Cluster into Phrase-Initial Epenthetic Breathiness in Ende (Eastern Indonesia)

Abstract: Ende is a Central Flores (Austronesian) language of eastern Indonesia which features a contrast between vowel-initial words and words that begin with an underlying glottal stop. The contrast is realized by the insertion of an epenthetic [ɦ-] before vowel-initial words in phrase-initial position. Comparison with the other Central Flores languages shows that the epenthetic Ende [ɦ-] is the regular outcome of what was once a *kl- consonant cluster in Proto-Central Flores. I propose that *kl- clusters underwent a series of sound changes resulting in a segment pronounced [ɦ-], which was reanalyzed as an epenthetic phrase boundary marker instead of a fricative phoneme. The presence and development of epenthetic breathiness in nearby languages such as Keo, Ngadha, Palu'e, Sika, and Kedang will be discussed as well.

How Can Data Science Contribute to Understanding the Khipu Code?

Abstract In “How Can Spin, Ply, and Knot Direction Contribute to Understanding the Quipu Code?” (2005), mathematician Marcia Ascher referenced new data on 59 Andean khipus to assess the significance of their variable twists and knots. However, this aggregative, comparative impulse arose late in Ascher's khipu research; the mathematical relations she had identified among 200+ previously cataloged khipus were specified only at the level of individual specimens. This article pursues a new scale of analysis, generalizing the “Ascher relations” to recognize meaningful patterns in a 650-khipu corpus, the largest yet subjected to computational study. We find that Ascher formulae characterize at least 74% of khipus, which exhibit meaningful arrangements of internal sums. Top cords are shown to register a minority of sum relationships and are newly identified as markers of low-level, “working” khipus. We reunite two fragments of a broken khipu using arithmetic properties discovered between the strings. Finally, this analysis suggests a new khipu convention—the use of white pendant cords as boundary markers for clusters of sum cords. In their synthesis, exhaustive search, confirmatory study, mathematical rejoining, and hypothesis generation emerge as distinct contributions to khipu description, typology, and decipherment.

Pembuatan Tapal Batas di Pekon Malaya Kecamatan Lemong, Kabupaten Pesisir Barat, Lampung

The certainty of village boundaries is important in the management of rural areas. The lack of clarity in the boundaries between Pekon Malaya and Pekon Bambang in Lemong District, Pesisir Barat Regency, Lampung, has led to the need to establish clear boundaries between the two villages. This study aims to construct physical boundary markers between the two pekons to avoid territorial conflicts. The methods used include inter-village consultation, design, and physical construction of the boundary markers. The main result of this study is the creation of clear physical boundary markers between Pekon Malaya and Pekon Bambang, which can be used as a reference in resolving village boundary issues in the future. The conclusion of this study is that the construction of physical boundary markers can be an effective solution to address the problem of unclear village boundaries.

Contrastive Study of Tone and Intonation in Koro Ashe and English

This paper undertakes a contrastive study of tone and intonation in Koro Ashe and English; an implication for Koro Ashe L2 learners of English with the hope of helping the study populace to improve in their spoken aspect of English. The sample consisted of 20 randomly selected Koro Ashe ESL learners of English in Karu Local Government, Nasarawa State. The instrument used in collecting data for this investigation is Oral Production Test (OPT), a pronunciation test that assessed the participants’ pronunciations of Koro Ashe words. The theoretical framework used in the paper was Contrastive Analysis (CA). The results showed that Koro Ashe is a tonal language and that tone in Koro Ashe is capable of performing lexical functions as it is demonstrated in words like [ìnȧk] L-L ‘cow’ and [inak] L-H ‘sp tree’, [iwei] L-L ‘toad’ and [iwei] L- H ‘fear’. Tone in Koro Ashe can perform grammatical function, that is, changing singular nouns to the plural as it is seen in words; [inak] (L-L) ‘cow’ and [inak] (H-H) ‘cows’, [inor] ‘wound’ (L-L) and [inor] ‘wounds’ (H-H), [imai] ‘generation’ (L-L) and [imai] ‘generations’ (H-H), [iguk] ‘pocket’ (L-L) and [iguk] (H-H) ‘pockets’, [iʤu] ‘fly’ (L-L) and [iʤu] ‘flies’ (H-H). However in English, intonation (pitch) in English conveys information of a broadly meaningful nature, it can be used to express attitudes, interest, doubt, emphasis, certainty, politeness, mark boundaries of syntactic units, signals division of utterances into intonation phrases, signals end of statement, signals “old” information and “new” information etc.

Event Boundaries Stretched and Compressed by Aspect: Temporal Segmentation in a First and a Second Language

AbstractEvent segmentation tests have shown substantial overlaps in how adults recognize starts and endpoints as events unfold. However, far less is known about what role different language systems play in the process. Variations in grammatical aspect have been shown to influence event processing. We tested how closely first language (L1) speakers of Mandarin and English versus Mandarin learners of English as a second language (L2) align event boundaries with event‐internal changes. We used two event boundary marking tasks (online/offline) and a sorting task. Participants saw 60 animations; their task was to indicate starts and endpoints. For punctual events (e.g., breaking a wall), Mandarin L1 speakers and Mandarin learners of English L2 were significantly further from event transitions than English L1 speakers. This pattern was replicated in the untimed experiment but not in sorting transitions, jointly suggesting that Mandarin L1 and Mandarin learners of English L2 may be less attentive to segmentation of phases surrounding transitions than English L1 speakers. We argue that this variation reflects L1‐specific encoding of ongoingness.

PMRC: Prompt-Based Machine Reading Comprehension for Few-Shot Named Entity Recognition

The prompt-based method has been proven effective in improving the performance of pre-trained language models (PLMs) on sentence-level few-shot tasks. However, when applying prompting to token-level tasks such as Named Entity Recognition (NER), specific templates need to be designed, and all possible segments of the input text need to be enumerated. These methods have high computational complexity in both training and inference processes, making them difficult to apply in real-world scenarios. To address these issues, we redefine the NER task as a Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) task and incorporate prompting into the MRC framework. Specifically, we sequentially insert boundary markers for various entity types into the templates and use these markers as anchors during the inference process to differentiate entity types. In contrast to the traditional multi-turn question-answering extraction in the MRC framework, our method can extract all spans of entity types in one round. Furthermore, we propose word-based template and example-based template that enhance the MRC framework's perception of entity start and end positions while significantly reducing the manual effort required for template design. It is worth noting that in cross-domain scenarios, PMRC does not require redesigning the model architecture and can continue training by simply replacing the templates to recognize entity types in the target domain. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art models in low-resource settings, achieving an average performance improvement of +5.2% in settings where access to source domain data is limited. Particularly, on the ATIS dataset with a large number of entity types and 10-shot setting, PMRC achieves a performance improvement of +15.7%. Moreover, our method achieves a decoding speed 40.56 times faster than the template-based cloze-style approach.

Preboundary lengthening and articulatory strengthening in Korean as an edge-prominence language

This study examined preboundary lengthening and other kinematic characteristics of articulatory gestures in CV.CV and CV.CVC before prosodic boundaries in Korean. Preboundary lengthening was found to be extended to initial syllables in both CV.CVand CV.CVC, while its magnitude was largest on the final syllable. The preboundary lengthening effect was also reflected in the time-to-peak velocity (acceleration duration), but only on gestures of the final syllable. Preboundary lengthening was accompanied by substantial increase in both displacement and peak velocity, showing domain-final articulatory strengthening. This articulatory strengthening effect on preboundary gestures (at the right edge of prosodic constituent) was largely dovetailed with the notion of an edge-prominence language where boundary marking is assumed to be closely related with prominence lending. These results were compared in two different conditions driven by information structure (‘new’ vs. ‘given’) and were discussed to understand the observed kinematic pattern in dynamical terms in the theoretical framework of the π-gesture model. 

The Quality 4.0 Roadmap: Designing a capability roadmap toward quality management in Industry 4.0

Literature shows that the path toward Quality 4.0 is unclear and that there is no roadmap to assist organizations in preparing or navigating this transition. This article aims to understand such a path, design, and develop a roadmap to guide organizations. The “Quality 4.0 Roadmap” allows organizations to position themselves and smoothly transition to Quality 4.0. It consolidates fundamental Quality Management practices to promote sustained progress toward stages of advanced technological integration. In each stage, the “Quality 4.0 Roadmap” highlights the necessary capabilities organizations need to develop and alerts them of potential pitfalls. This roadmap offers an original tool to assist organizations in achieving and developing the required capabilities for pursuing the digital transition with an operational and human-centered perspective. It also defines vital stages in the Quality 4.0 transition, identifying the evolving requirements and marking boundaries and touchpoints between Technology and Quality management.

Marked boundary rigidity for surfaces of Anosov type

Marked boundary rigidity for surfaces of Anosov type

Achievements in the creation of the “Vegetation of Moldova” exhibition over 50 years

A review is made of the work carried out over the course of 50 years in creating the „Vegetation of Moldova” Exhibition at the National Botanical Garden „Alexandru Ciubotaru”. From the initial plantings in 1972 until the year 2023, design, planting, and mobilization of the gene pool have been undertaken. Currently, the Moldavian present Vegetation Exhibition includes 12 micro-exhibitions of forest vegetation, 2 micro-exhibitions of meadow vegetation, 1 micro-exhibition of steppe vegetation, and 1 microexhibition of aquatic and marsh vegetation. In 2020, the exhibition area was settled, parcel divisions were elaborated, boundary markers were installed, and borders were delineated. The article presents the results of inventorying trees, tree seedlings, shrubs, and herbs for each micro-exhibition and sub-plot. Flora of the „Vegetation of Moldova” Exhibition at the National Botanical Garden „Alexandru Ciubotaru” includes 560 species of vascular plants, of which 258 species grow in 12 forest micro-exhibitions, 152 species grow in the micro-exhibition with steppe vegetation and 150 species of plants grow in meadows vegetation. For each sub-plot within the forest micro-exhibitions, data is provided on the number of specimens for each tree species, the composition of the shrub layer, and the herb layer. 61 species of rare plants are preserved ex situ, in the „Vegetation of Moldova” Exhibition in the Botanical Garden „Alexandru Ciubotaru”, of which 32 species are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova.

The balanced superelliptic mapping class groups are generated by three elements

Abstract The balanced superelliptic mapping class group is the normalizer of the transformation group of the balanced superelliptic covering in the mapping class group of the total surface. We prove that the balanced superelliptic mapping class groups with either one marked point, one boundary component, or no marked points and boundary are generated by three elements. To prove this, we also show that its liftable mapping class groups are also generated by three elements. These generating sets are minimal except for several cases of closed surfaces.

TRANSFORMATIONAL MODEL OF A PLANE ROD DEFORMATION, RESTRAINED ON DOUBLE-SIDED SLIDING SUPPORTS

A linear transformational model of the dynamic deformation of a plane rod is constructed. The end sections of the plane rod are restrained on two-sided sliding supports of finite length, excluding the displacements of the surface points of end sections in the transverse direction. To describe the deformation process of restrained sections of the rod, the S.P. Timoshenko?s shear model is used. For unfixed part the classical Kirchhoff – Love model is used. The conditions for the kinematic coupling of the restrained and free sections of the rod are formulated. Based on the Hamilton – Ostrogradsky variational principle, the equations of motion, the corresponding boundary conditions, as well as the force conditions for the coupling of the sections are obtained in a geometrically linear approximation. Based on the obtained equations of motion, exact analytical solutions of free and forced harmonic oscillations problem of the plane rod were constructed. It is shown that within the framework of the deformation models used, the problems of longitudinal and bending vibrations of the rod are separated. Of these, bending vibrations occurring in a relatively low frequency range are of greatest practical interest. For them, numerical experiments were carried out to determine the three lower natural modes and frequencies of vibrations, as well as the dynamic response during resonant vibrations of a plane rod on the marked frequencies made of a unidirectional fiber composite based on ELUR-P carbon fiber and XT-118 epoxy. A significant transformation of transverse tangential stresses is shown during the transition through the boundaries from the free section of the rod to restrained one. Such transformation due to the difference in deformation models of the marked areas, as well as their pronounced localization in the areas of restrained areas located near the marked boundaries.

An Ultrasound-Guided System for Autonomous Marking of Tumor Boundaries During Robot-assisted Surgery

An Ultrasound-Guided System for Autonomous Marking of Tumor Boundaries During Robot-assisted Surgery

Event structure reflected in muscle activation differences in Austrian Sign Language (ÖGS) verbs

This paper aims to introduce kinematic motion capture analysis and electromyography(EMG) methodology in the context of experimental investigations involving signlanguages. While motion capture has been employed in previous sign language research,the application of EMG is relatively novel. We utilized both motion capture andEMG techniques to examine the disparities in muscle activation associated with theproduction of telic verb signs (with boundary marking, e.g. the verb arrive) andatelic verb signs (lacking boundary marking, e.g. the verb run) in Austrian SignLanguage (ÖGS). The data analysis revealed that the visual boundary marking inherentin the production of telic signs, which is kinematically characterized by heightenedacceleration, jerk, and deceleration at the conclusion of a sign, is generated by increased activation in upper arm muscles during the sign and hold interval for telics comparedto atelics. In contrast, the majority of atelics exhibited a repeated movement, whichcontributed to more pronounced muscle activation in the forearm compared to telics.The EMG/motion capture combined method applied to sign language production offersnovel insights into linguistics of sign language that were previously inaccessible.

Location and marking of cadastral boundaries in Nordic countries

Cadastral boundaries are key components for ordering the ownership of real property by dividing it into territories. This study analyses the similarities and differences in marking cadastral boundaries in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. A case study was conducted by examining legislations, ordinances, guidelines, and other instructions. These are issued by both the respective national governments, and associated agencies responsible for real property formation and demarcation of boundaries, such as, the national cadastral authorities. We describe, analyse, and discuss the visual division between properties, boundary marks, natural features used as real property boundaries, the information on boundaries in national registers, prescriptive rights, and the localization of boundaries in each country. The outcome of the study shows that there are many similarities between the four countries, but also differences. As an example, the materials used for demarcation differ between each country. Furthermore, the party performing the cadastral procedures range from governmental officials to licenced private surveyors. Finally, differences were noted in whether a real property boundary following a river or stream when created will change position if the river or stream changes course over time.

From Missionary Zeal to Holiday Appeal: Summer School, Professionalization, and Teachers in Canada, 1915-1959

Abstract For over forty years, presidents of the Summer School Association of Queen’s University wrote annually to teachers across Canada, encouraging them to attend summer courses for credit toward a bachelor of arts. In the 1920s, presidents’ messages associated attendance with societal progress and the professionalization of teaching. In the 1930s, such messages linked attendance with personal growth and career development. In the 1940s and 1950s, they linked attendance with having an enjoyable summer vacation. This article analyzes how and why these messages evolved and argues that the underlying structure of the messages remained consistent: they were means through which Queen’s Summer School Association presidents marked symbolic boundaries between more and less professional teachers. This article contributes to our understanding of the social history of teacher education by interpreting a unique primary data source to explore the participation of teachers themselves in the construction of symbolic boundaries marking professional status.