Mark Off Research Articles

Potential impact of encounter patient decision aids on the patient–clinician dialogue: a qualitative study on Dutch and American medical specialists’ experiences

ObjectivesTo examine the experiences among Dutch and American clinicians on the impact of using encounter patient decision aids (ePDAs) on their clinical practice, and subsequently to formulate recommendations for sustained...

Everyday bordering. Theoretical perspectives on national ‘others’ in sport and leisure time physical activity

While it is well documented that sports events can reinforce nationalism, less attention has been given to how borders are drawn to mark off groups whose national identity is questioned in connection with their everyday sports and leisure practices. This article aims to develop a conceptual framework for studying such collective identification processes that not only include some but also exclude ‘others’ from the nation. To do so, we draw on postcolonial and transnational feminist scholars’ descriptions of politics of belonging and everyday bordering that place non-western women in a position as ‘others’. The utility of such a conceptual framework is illustrated in analysing current political and public discourses about Muslim women’s sports and leisure practices that demarcate this group from belonging to the nation. Further, we discuss the contributions and limitations of this conceptual framework and point towards related perspectives that can further develop research with national ‘others’ in sport.

Geographic Random Forwarding for Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks Multihop Performance

In this paper, we have a tendency to gift a technique using applied mathematics analysis and random pure mathematics to review geometric routing schemes in wireless circumstantial networks. above all, we have a tendency to analyze the network-layer performance of 1 such theme, the random disk routing theme, that may be a localized geometric routing theme during which every node chooses future relay randomly among the nodes among its transmission vary and within the general direction of the destination. The techniques developed during this paper change U.S. to determine the straight line property and also the convergence results for the mean and variance of the routing path lengths generated by geometric routing schemes in random wireless networks. above all, we have a tendency to approximate the progress of the routing path toward the destination by a Mark off process and verify the sufficient conditions that make sure the straight line property for each dense and largescale circumstantial networks deploying the random disk routing theme moreover, victimization this Andre Mark off characterization, we have a tendency to show that the expected length (hop count) of the trail generated by the random disk routing theme normalized by the length of the trail generated by the best direct-line routing, converges to asymptotically. Moreover, we have a tendency to show that the variance-to-mean magnitude relation of the routing path length converges to asymptotically. Through simulation, we have a tendency to show that the said straight line statistics are actually quite correct even for finite graininess and size of the network.

Finding the Forms of Cleanness

The Middle English poem Cleanness is regularly marked off into four-line units in its sole surviving manuscript, British Library Cotton Nero A.x, and I argue that reading Cleanness with attention to these divisions helps the poem emerge as a more complex piece of verbal and homiletic art. By suggesting reading strategies for the lines that they mark off, the stanza marks evoke the interpenetration of the visual and the verbal that the poem proposes more broadly. The author’s words and the scribe’s activity thus combine to shape the poem’s interpretive potential. The crucial issue is therefore not whether Cleanness was intended by its author to be written or read in stanzas, but rather the fact that the poem’s uniquely surviving physical form encourages us to consider whether it is so, and what that might mean for our engagement with its content—how we should go about finding, in short, the literary, codicological, and homiletic forms of Cleanness .

Thinking Animals: A Closed Case or an Open Debate?

Thinking Animals: A Closed Case or an Open Debate?

AUTO- AND CROSS-CORRELATION OF PHASES OF THE WHOLE-SKY CMB AND FOREGROUND MAPS FROM THE 1-YEAR WMAP DATA

The issue of non-Gaussianity is not only related to distinguishing the theories of the origin of primordial fluctuations, but also crucial for the determination of cosmological parameters in the framework of inflation paradigm. We present a method for testing non-Gaussianity on the whole-sky cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. This method is based on the Kuiper's statistic to probe the two-dimensional uniformity on a periodic mapping square associating phases: return mapping of phases of the derived CMB (similar to auto-correlation) and cross-correlations between phases of the derived CMB and foregrounds. Since phases reflect morphology, detection of cross-correlation of phases signifies the contamination of foreground signals in the derived CMB map. The advantage of this method is that one can cross-check the auto- and cross-correlation of phases of the derived maps and foregrounds, and mark off those multipoles in which the non-Gaussianity results from the foreground contaminations. We apply this statistic on the derived signals from the 1-year WMAP data. The auto-correlations of phases from the internal linear combination map show the significance above 95% C.L. against the random phase hypothesis on 17 spherical harmonic multipoles, among which some have pronounced cross-correlations with the foreground maps. We find that most of the non-Gaussianity found in the derived maps are from foreground contaminations. With this method we are better equipped to approach the issue of non-Gaussianity of primordial origin for the upcoming Planck mission.

Femur-fibula-ulna (FFU) complex in the 33rd week of gestation: ultrasonography, radiology, pathology and differential diagnosis. Case report

We present a case of a 27 year old I. gravida, I. para. Despite of regular ultrasonographic examination the diagnosis of skeletal malformation at the fetus was not before 33. weeks of gestation. It was the rare type of a bothside femur-fibula-ulna (FFU) complex. The FFU-complex is a no lethal malformation with typical unilateral combination from defects of femur and fibula, with contralateral defect of ulna. Dependent to involvement of malformated limbs the FFU-complex is classifiable in four groups. Only in 10 % all limbs are affected. Our case (type IV) showed a peromelia of both upper limbs with stumps of humeri, bothside aplasia of fibula and missing from 4. and 5. toes. There fetus were without nonlimb congenital abnormalities. The etiology of FFU-complex is unknown, the occurrence sporadic. There are never found genetic abnormalities. Familial recurrence is not described. There is no maternal or paternal age effect on FFU-complex. The differential diagnosis must include malformations with reduction anomalies of extremities, like thalidomide syndrome, splenogonadal fusion with limb malformations, Roberts syndrome, oroacral complex or acheiropodia. Mark off are amniotic band too.

Some Notes on Illegality in Art

Three performance pieces I did in the early 1970s raised the question of how art may be illegal, whether it can be illegal.Broadjump 71 (fig .1) is a performance/installation. In it, a board, an area for a broadjump, is placed on the floor. Before the exhibition, I do a standing broadjump and mark off my distance on the board. During the exhibition, visitors are challenged to better my mark: a viewer who succeeds is entitled to one hour with one of two women whose photographs hang on the wall next to the broadjump area.

Magic in Language and Ritual: Notes on Augustine's "Confessions"

Language becomes invested with magical powers and significance when ritual is unable to accomplish its work. When a lineage splits, for instance, there are two lines of descent where previously there had been one. It is not like adding something new to something old; something is created that was not there before The genuinely new enters history. 'b mark off that new line requires the service of ritual: a line is drawn, a pillar established, an altar built. At that point the new line of descent encounters the old in a meeting marked by ambivalence: recognition and strangeness, envy and longing, fear and a desire for rapproachment. Ritual is uniquely suited to differentiate and at the same time to provide the basis for a re-integration of the two lineages. Where ritual fails, however, it is left to language to provide the meaning that both sets apart one lineage from another and yet allows two lines to meet with a minimum of damage to either side. What seems to me most striking about Augustine is his attempt to accomplish through language what might otherwise be achieved through public ritual. It is one achievement of ritual, for instance, to separate as though by magic one lineage from another. Where there was one line of descent there are now twa The separation of one lineage from another often causes violence and arouses fears; one lineage's grasp of life and its hold over death become threatened by another's claims. No wonder that ritual seeks to make the division of a lineage peaceable and its sacrifices minimal. Augustine seeks to define the boundary between lineages by a verbal magic, so to speak: as if the right formulation of one lineage's claims to life eternal would make it so I am simply arguing that, as with the later Reformation, the Augustinian reform begins in an attempt to invest language with the powers formally ascribed to ritual itself. Augustine wanted to distinguish through language the lineage of those in the teirestiial city from that other lineage destined to conquer death itself. Again, rites of initiation purport to make at least the initial sorting of the saved from the damned; in Augustine's view, that task could not be entrusted even to the rite of baptism. He therefore resorted to the extensive elaboration of language itself. Granted that Augustine argued against a prematurely radical judgment between the two houses that claim to inhabit the city of God; he could postpone such a judgment by arguing that the distinction, anchored firmly in the mind of God, was preserved in speech that was not mere rhetoric. It is language, Scriptural speech, that does the trick of separating if only in anticipation - the sheep from the goats. There are no less separate for being allowed to graze in the same verbal pasture. Ritual tends to re-enact critical moments of the past in which firm divisions were made of one lineage or house from another. Every new parting, that is, rekindles memories of

Underwater pebble grading of Chesil Bank

This paper describes the examination of pebble grading below low-water mark off Chesil Bank, Dorset, using skin-diving techniques. It is found, contrary to some of the statements in previous literature, that there is no reversal of size grading of pebbles below low water compared with that present on the beach, but a series of zones are shown to exist parallel to the Bank which appear to be related both to its evolution and to present-day wave action. The zones are thought to be best defined under constructive wave conditions, and suggestions on their relationship with the Bank are put forward.

Location of Focal Points of Ellipses

O in talks or published articles (1,2), one notes gross errors in the location of the focal points of ellipses. Through some psychological orientation toward circular symmetry, engineers and scientists alike are apt to place the focus near the center of curvature despite a distance error that may amount to 100 per cent. I t is the intention here to suggest simple checks, which the editor, or any reader, can make on the spot. Scientists sometimes excuse their carelessness in locating the focus on the grounds that it does not upset the validity of the theory they are expounding. While the pure mathematician is entitled to a measure of poetic license, it would be straining the bounds of tolerance, for example, to accept an error of 100 per cent in the perigee distance of an orbit. Engineers can fall into the same error, e.g., in a blackboard talk concerning parabolic reflector-type antennas. In this case, the slip is usually corrected before it gets into print, thanks to the shop drawings made for the design and test of the prototype. Without going into the mathematics of ellipses, let us consider methods of locating the focus. One of the properties of the ellipse is illustrated in Fig. 1, where FB, the distance from the focus to an extremity B of the minor diameter, equals the semi-major axis PO. Location of the focal point F may be made simply, as follows. Placing the edge of a strip of paper along the line of apsides (major diameter), mark off on the strip the perigee and apogee points P and A. Fold the paper in two, superposing P and A. Now crease to locate the center 0 of the ellipse. With the paper still folded, superpose the P and A points on B, holding in place by the point of a pencil. Rotate the other end 0 until it crosses the axis at the point F. Mark the focal point F. Thus, in a few seconds, one has checked whether the author calculated or guessed at the position of F. A further useful check is as follows. Draw a vertical line through F intersecting the ellipse at E. The line segment FE is the semilatus rectum P, which is the radius of curvature of

Orde en wanorde*

SummaryOrder and disorderThe degree of order and of disorder are defined such that they are complementary and, each, vary between 0 and 1. Examples are given in problems of human life, of his community (with anarchistic and totalitarian extremes); also in thermodynamics (entropy) and information theory. In the latter problems the statistical quantity appears; it has quite the same meaning in both cases: the quantity of statistically weighted alternatives. The relation to entropy and to quantity of selective information is discussed. The degree of order 1 (degree of disorder 0) appears if this statistical quantity is 0, one of the p(i) being equal to 1 („frozen” or „pure” state). The degree of order 0 (degree of disorder 1) appears if this quantity is log n, all p(i) being equal to 1/n. The degree of disorder is equal to In information theory the degree of order is identical i=1 with redundancy. Order/disorder problems in patterns are related to Mark off chains of higher order and are not discussed here.

Deux exemples actuels de "biolithosores" construits par des annelides

Abstract Describes two examples of rock masses built by annelid worms, one by serpulids in the Lake of Tunis (Tunisia), the other by sabellariids near low-tide mark off Mont-Saint-Michel (northwest France). The term biolithosore is proposed for such structures.

The Action of Economic Forces in Producing Frequency Distributions of Income, Prices, and Other Phenomena: A Suggestion for Study

THERE has been, to some extent, a divergence of purpose between the work of mathematical statisticians and mathematical economists. The former have studied variation, such as the form and measurement of frequency groups, and the correlation between two or more variables; the latter have studied equations of equilibrium, in which the data represent totals, margins, the representative, the average-single quantities in general-where heterogeneity does not enter into the argument. Econometricians have, indeed, worked on variation and covariation, but most attention has been given to examples where time is one of the variables, that is to time series; and the relationships obtained have been in the form of a demand curve in one group of studies, to periodic curves in time in another, and to correlation between quantities which are paired in time, but not variable at a given instant of time. I wish to direct attention to a field which has not been thoroughly explored, and in which, so far as I know, little work is being done. What are the forces which produce the variation found in common phenomena, how far are they economic, what changes in frequency distributions are produced by economic forces, how can they best be described or measured? To name one example, which has already been studied: Incomes in certain circumstances are distributed in accordance with Pareto's equation. What has produced this particular form; is the form modified by economic change, or rather by changes in the sociological or legal spheres; how can the effects of these best be measured? Variation has been studied in many fields and it may be well to mark off those which are not primarily economic from those which are. We will exclude anthropometry and biometry, and statistics of mortality and morbidity. Demographic statistics generally would enter only in their economic aspects, such as age distribution in occupations, and concentration of population. Within the economic sphere proper, there are many distributions which have been the subject of careful work: price changes in time, local variations in price, prices of securities, size of industrial firms, rates of profit and dividends, ratio of

The North-West Frontier of Attica

Of all the states in ancient Greece, Attica seems to have had the most interesting and complete system of land defences. A chain of important fortresses, of most of which there are still considerable remains, follows the line of the Kithairon–Parnes range: Eleutherai, Oinoe, Panakton, Phyle, Dekeleia, Aphidna and Rhamnous. It may appear at first that this series of strongholds was designed expressly to mark off Athenian territory, but whilst incidentally and in large measure they served this end, in origin they were intended rather to defend the various roads from Attica into Boeotia. A fresh examination of these forts and their relation to the Attic frontier may be of some service and interest.The natural boundary of Attica on the N.W. is the mountain ridge which begins on the Halkyonian sea-coast behind Aigosthena and continues almost due eastward to the Straits of Euboea, reaching the sea at Cape Kalamos. It is not surprising, therefore, to learn that the early tradition made the Megarid and Attica into a single kingdom. Plato, describing an idealised primitive Attica, gives as the boundaries the Isthmus and the heights of Kithairon and Parnes extending down to the sea, with Oropos on the right and the Asopos on the left.

An Exact Geometrical Construction for the Exponential Curve

Consider the curve y = ae−t/t0 (Fig. 1.)Mark off along the t – axis a distance OT0 equal to the time constant t0.Divide OT0 into n equal parts and erect ordinates at each point of division.M, N, are the mth and (m + 1)th of these, counting from O.MP, NQ, are the corresponding ordinates; P, Q, the points on the curve; and R the intersection of the chord, produced, with the t – axis.

Geometrical Illustrations of Algebraic Identities

All these identities may be proved after one method as follows:—Draw two straight lines at right angles and mark off parts a and b as indicated in the figures. At the points of section draw perpendiculars to the lines. All the figures thus formed are rectangles, and therefore have their opposite sides equal. The proofs should then be obvious.