Marital Status In Men Research Articles

Prevalence of overweight and obesity and increased risk for cardiovascular disease and associated factors in farming families in southern Brazil

The objective was to measure the prevalence of overweight and obesity (OO) and very high risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and associated factors, in farmers and their families in a city in southern Brazil Observational, cross-sectional study carried out with farmers and their families residing in the Serra Gaúcha region. For data collection, a wide questionnaire was used, in addition to anthropometric measurements (Body Mass Index - BMI and waist circumference). Associations with outcomes were explored using Student's t-tests and ANOVA to compare means and the chi-square test for categorical variables. 122 individuals participated in this study. Prevalence of OO was 59.0% and very high risk for CVD was 50.8%, being present in 78.7% of women and in 33.3% of men. Annual income and very high risk for CVD were identified as factors associated with OO. Also, factors associated with a very high risk for CVD were advanced age and BMI in both sexes, and marital status in men. Thus, the importance of early identification of risk factors for outcomes in farmers and their families is reinforced, in view of high prevalence’s observed.

Body composition and level of physical activity of elderly people living in north-eastern Poland associated with socioeconomic factors

Introduction: Studies conducted in various regions of the world have indicated that physical activity level, body composition and socioeconomic variables can be associated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether socioeconomic factors are associated with level of physical activity and differences in the body composition of elderly people living in north-eastern Poland. Materials and Methods: The study involved 774 older residents (60 years or more). Physical activity levels were measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The respondents’ body composition was determined with an InBody 270 analyser. Pairs of means were compared with Student’s t-test; more than two means were compared with one-way ANOVA; and proportions were compared with the chi-square test. Statistical significance was defined as p≤0.05. Results: The marital status of men and women was significantly associated with differences in physical activity level and body composition. The place of residence and level of education of women (but not of men), were also significantly associated with differences in body composition. Age and material situation were not significantly associated with differences in body composition and physical activity level. Conclusion: The mean values of parameters of body composition in the surveyed group exceeded the norms. The level of physical activity of the subjects is at a sufficient level, but in the case of women it depends on socio-economic characteristics. Therefore, there is a need to find effective ways to support older adults in maintaining (or increase) their physical activity with a particular focus on women.

Quality of life and its related factors among participants in Shahrecord - Iran cohort study.

This study aimed to determine quality of life and its related factors among participants in Shahrekord Cohort Study in southwest of Iran. The present study was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study approved by Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. One thousand participants in the Shahrekord cohort study were selected through a convenience sampling method, and entered the study based on the inclusion criteria. Participation in the study was completely voluntary, and a written consent form was obtained from each participant. Data gathering tools were a demographic questionnaire and the short version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire. Data were collected through face-toface interviews by trained individuals. Collected data were then analyzed using SPSS v24. No significant relationship was observed between the physical health and also the environmental health and participants' sex. However, in other dimensions of quality of life including psychological health, the social relationship health, general perception of health, and the overall quality of life score, male participants reported a better quality of life (p<0.05). No significant relationship was observed between the physical health, the psychological health, and the general perception of health with participants' levels of education. However, there was a significant relationship between the social relationship health, the environmental health, and the overall score of quality of life with participants' levels of education (p<0.05). In other words, higher level of education improved the social relationship health, the environmental health, and the overall score of quality of life. Being married in men showed a positive relationship with the social health, the general perception of health, the psychological health, and the overall quality of life score (p<0.05). However, the physical health and the environmental health had no relationship with marital status in men. Being married in women only improved the social relationship health, and it was not associated with other dimensions measured by the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Smoking, addiction, alcohol consumption, and cell phone use were not associated with any of the dimensions measured in the questionnaire. Diabetes caused a decline in the environmental health as well as the general perception of health (p<0.05). Cardiovascular disease also caused a decline in the psychological health, the social relationship health, and the general perception of health (p<0.05). The results of the present study showed that female, illiterate and unmarried participants, and those with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases reported a poorer quality of life in some dimensions compared to other participants; using the cell phone, smoking, alcohol consumption, and addiction had no relationship with the quality of life.

Sex differences in marital status of people with epilepsy in Northeast China: An observational study

PurposeOur aims were to determine (1) whether the marriage rate was different between the sexes and (2) whether the influencing factors of marital status varied by sexes. MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed among 475 people with epilepsy (PWE) in Northeast China. The demographic information and clinical data were gathered and recorded. Sex differences in the marriage rate of PWE and the related influencing factors were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the independent factors influencing marital status in men and women, respectively. ResultsAmong 475 participants, 219 (79.6%) men with epilepsy (MWE) were married, and 140 (70%) women with epilepsy (WWE) were married. In MWE, age, educational level, age at seizure onset, and disease duration were significantly different between the married men and the single men. In WWE, age, educational level, occupation and age at seizure onset showed significant differences between the married women and the single women. In the multiple logistic regression model, age and age at first seizure onset had an independent effect on the marital status in men with epilepsy. Multiple logistic regression analysis also revealed that age and age at first seizure onset were independent factors that influenced marital status in WWE. ConclusionMen with epilepsy were more likely to marry than WWE. Age and the age of seizure onset independently affected the marital status of men and women.

Determinants of non-participation in colon examination following positive stool sample in colorectal cancer screening.

Social inequalities has been shown for participation in colorectal cancer screening and recently in the initial stool sample blood test. If these differences persist at follow-up colon examination after a positive stool test, it would suggest that social inequality in screening may be greater than the inequality observed in initial stool sample blood test. All data were derived from national registers. Using logistic regression analyses, odds of non-participation for follow-up colon examination were estimated based on age group, educational level, income quartile, immigration status and marital status in men and in women, who had participated in initial stool sample test for blood with a positive result. Among 20 849 men and 16 565 women invited for follow-up colonoscopy in the period 2014-15, 10.63 and 11.37%, respectively, did not attend. In men, odds of non-participation were higher in the eldest, those with lower income and lower educational level, in immigrants and in singles. Odds ratio (OR) in males of highest income quartile was 0.54 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46; 0.63] compared with lowest income quartile. In women, the differences were not as large. OR in females of highest income quartile was 0.73 (95% CI 0.61; 0.87) compared with lowest income quartile. Sociodemographic differences in odds of non-participation exist in follow-up colon examination in the Danish colorectal cancer screening. Differences were evident in all subgroups of the male population. The same patterns were seen in women. Social inequalities in participation for follow-up colon examination can increase overall social inequality and consequently, lead to health disparities.

Mothers' Partnerships, Men in the Home, and Adolescents' Secondary Exposure to Violence.

Family instability means that many U.S. youth spend time without biological fathers and with other men. This study extends the literature on the developmental implications of living with fathers and father figures by investigating the association between the presence of mothers' male romantic partners in the home and secondary exposure to violence with a focus on variability according to the identities of the men and the communities of the family. Fixed effects models of multilevel data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (n = 2,201) revealed that living with mothers' partners did not have a general protective or risky association with youths' secondary exposure to violence. This exposure, however, was lower when such men were youths' biological fathers (vs. social fathers) and when they were married to (vs. cohabiting with) youths' mothers. The link between men's marital status and exposure to violence appeared stronger in higher-crime neighborhoods.

HDL and associated factors stratified by sex and menopausal status: results from a community-based survey in Taiwan.

AimTo investigate factors, especially modifiable factors associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in Taiwanese based on sex and menopausal status.Materials and MethodsParticipants comprised 2022 men and 2392 women (1267 menopausal and 1125 non-menopausal) aged ≥30 years who resided in Pingzhen district, Taoyuan from 2006-2011. Their data, obtained through questionnaires and measurements were retrieved from the Li-Shin Hospital.ResultsHigher HDL was associated with total cholesterol, underweight, and alcohol drinking in both men and women. It was also associated with education, blood group B, and marital status in men as well as with age in women. Moreover, it was associated with total cholesterol, underweight, and age in both menopausal and non-menopausal women. Furthermore, it was associated with marital status in non-menopausal women and alcohol drinking in menopausal women. Lower HDL was associated with triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), overweight, obesity, waist-hip ratio (WHR), uric acid, and smoking in both men and women and with coffee drinking in only women. It was also associated with uric acid, triglycerides, LDL, overweight, obesity, WHR, and body fat in both menopausal and non-menopausal women. Moreover, it was associated with coffee drinking in menopausal women.ConclusionModifiable factors associated with HDL differ according to sex and menopausal status. Sex and menopausal status should be considered when implementing lifestyle changes to raise HDL. For example, both men and women should maintain a normal weight as well as quit smoking.

Impact of Comorbidity, Race, and Marital Status in Men Referred for Prostate Biopsy with PSA >20 ng/mL: A Pilot Study in High-Risk Patients.

Objective. To assess the impact of comorbidity, race, and marital status on overall survival (OS) among men presenting for prostate biopsy with PSA >20 ng/mL. Methods. Data were reviewed from 2000 to 2012 and 78 patients were included in the cohort. We analyzed predictors of OS using a Cox proportional hazards model and the association between Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score and PCa diagnosis or high-grade cancer using logistic regression and multinomial regression models, respectively. Results. The median age of patients was 62.5 (IQR 57–73) years. Median CCI was 3 (IQR 2–4), 69% of patients were African American men, 56% of patients were married, and 85% of patients had a positive biopsy. CCI (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.19, 1.94), PSA (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.09, 2.42), and Gleason sum (HR 2.04, 95% CI 1.17, 3.56) were associated with OS. CCI was associated with Gleason sum 7 (OR 4.06, 95% CI 1.04, 15.89) and Gleason sum 8–10 (OR 4.52, 95% CI 1.16, 17.54) PCa. Conclusions. CCI is an independent predictor of high-grade disease and worse OS among men with PCa. Race and marital status were not significantly associated with survival in this cohort. Patient comorbidity is an important component of determining the optimal approach to management of prostate cancer.

Wo(men) at Work? The Impact of Cohabiting and Married Partners' Earnings on Women's Work Hours

This study investigates the determinants of women’s labor supply in the household context. The main focus is on the effect of a change in male partner’s wages on women’s work hours. This is linked to the broader question of whether married and cohabiting women make different economic decisions and respond differently to changes in their partners’ wages. In addition, this study seeks to connect the working behavior of married and cohabiting individuals to the “tax-splitting” benefit for married couples. To provide a complete picture of working behavior within households, I analyze both women and men using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) from 1993 to 2010. The methodology for the main analysis relies on fixed effects regression. The main estimation results suggest that married women work less on the labor market and further, an increase in partner’s wages results in a negative and significant effect on married women’s work hours. The marital status of men, on the other hand, has no significant impact on their work hours.

Marital status and body weight, weight perception, and weight management among U.S. adults

Married individuals often have higher body weights than unmarried individuals, but it is unclear how marital roles affect body weight-related perceptions, desires, and behaviors. This study analyzed cross-sectional data for 4,089 adult men and 3,989 adult women using multinomial logistic regression to examine associations between marital status, perceived body weight, desired body weight, and weight management approach. Controlling for demographics and current weight, married or cohabiting women and divorced or separated women more often perceived themselves as overweight and desired to weigh less than women who had never married. Marital status was unrelated to men's weight perception and desired weight change. Marital status was also generally unrelated to weight management approach, except that divorced or separated women were more likely to have intentionally lost weight within the past year compared to never married women. Additionally, never married men were more likely to be attempting to prevent weight gain than married or cohabiting men and widowed men. Overall, married and formerly married women more often perceived themselves as overweight and desired a lower weight. Men's marital status was generally unassociated with weight-related perceptions, desires, and behaviors. Women's but not men's marital roles appear to influence their perceived and desired weight, suggesting that weight management interventions should be sensitive to both marital status and gender differences.

Intergenerational transmission and transition to fatherhood: A mediated-moderation model of paternal engagement.

The aim of this longitudinal study on determinants of parenting was to test a mediated-moderation model of fathers' postnatal engagement with their children in the context of the transition to fatherhood. More precisely, the model postulated that men's marital status (marriage vs. cohabitation) moderated the relation between one characteristic of the family of origin, maternal physical affection, and their level of postnatal engagement and that this interaction effect was mediated by men's involvement during pregnancy. A sample of 158 Canadian men participated in the study during the third trimester of pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum. As expected, results revealed that cohabiting fathers, as compared to married fathers, showed lower levels of postnatal engagement with their newborns when they had received less physical affection from their mothers during their childhood and adolescence. This result was explained by the fact that these men were less involved as future fathers during their partner's pregnancy. Results are discussed in terms of multiplicative effects of risk factors and in terms of intergenerational continuity in parenting.

The Relationship Between Generalized Resistance Resources, Sense of Coherence, and Health Among Finnish People Aged 65-69

Abstract. The present study investigated the appropriateness of Antonovsky's model, in which generalized resistance resources (GRRs) facilitate an individual's sense of coherence (SOC); which in turn is assumed to sustain health. The proposed model was tested using a sample of 320 Finnish persons (132 of them were men and 188 women) aged 65-69 years. The GRRs investigated were family income, cognitive functioning, years of formal education, marital status, and physical exercise. Health was measured by means of a multidimensional indicator composed of physical, social and mental health. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) within the framework of LISREL models were used to test the hypothesized model. The results showed that good cognitive functioning and physical activity in the whole sample, and marital status in men, were associated with a strong SOC, which in turn was positively related to physical, and especially, social and mental health.

Marital status after epilepsy surgery.

To characterize features influencing marital status in a group of patients with refractory epilepsy before and after epilepsy surgery and to assess the effect of seizure control on marital status after epilepsy surgery. We analyzed marital status in 430 epilepsy surgery patients and in a subset with temporal lobe epilepsy. Marital status was assessed in relation to gender and age of epilepsy onset and compared with marital rates for the U.S. population. Patients who had > or =4 years of postsurgical follow-up were examined for change in marital status after surgery. Those patients who changed marital status were then evaluated for change in employment. Marital rates were lower than expected in men. Men with onset of epilepsy by age 11 years were less likely to be married than men whose seizures began after age 11 or women whose seizures began at any age. Men and women with temporal lobe epilepsy had higher marriage rates than those with extratemporal lobe epilepsy. More than 4 years after epilepsy surgery (n = 190), patients who had no recurrent seizures were more likely to change marital status (28 of 124, 23%), than those who had recurrent seizures (five of 66, 8%). Seizure-free women were more likely to divorce (n = 9) than were seizure-free men (n = 1). Most men who married were employed (77%), whereas women who divorced were usually unemployed (67%). The age at which seizures begin influences later marital status in men, who have reduced marriage rates. The abolition of seizures by epilepsy surgery creates new opportunities for changing social relationships. Location of the epileptic focus may influence psychosocial function.

Homosexual demography: Implications for the spread of AIDS

Using both national surveys and surveys of self‐identified gay men in the United States, the numbers, age distribution, life expectancy, and marital status of men who have sex with men is examined. It is concluded that five types can be distinguished: open preferential, repressed preferential, bisexual, experimental, and situational. These five categories have different patterns of sexual behavior, and the numbers in each category are influenced by changing social conditions, in particular the growth of gay neighborhoods, and public tolerance. The typology is used to explain the low rate of reported HIV transmission from bisexual men to their female partners.

Total and occupationally active life expectancies in relation to social class and marital status in men classified as healthy at 20 in Finland.

To study differences in total life expectancy and in occupationally active life expectancy in relation to social class and marital status in men classified as healthy as young adults. Historical cohort study. Finland. Altogether 1662 men classified as completely healthy at the time of induction to military service (mean birth year 1923), who had been selected as referents for a study of former athletes. Mean follow up time was 46 years. Vital status was determined by follow up through local parish data up to 1990. Mortality data were obtained from the Cause of Death bureau of the Central Statistical Office of Finland. Occurrence of work disability was assessed from nationwide disability pension register data. Mean total life expectancy and mean occupationally active life expectancy (end points disability pension or death before age 65 years) were estimated. Social class was based on the major lifetime occupation, while marital status was classified as "never married" or "ever married" at the end of follow up. Mean total life expectancy was highest among executives and managers (73.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 70.3, 76.1) years), next highest in clerical (white collar) workers (72.0 (70.0, 74.1) years), and lowest in unskilled blue collar workers (63.65 (61.1, 66.2) years). Skilled workers and farmers were intermediate. For the occupationally active life expectancy estimates, a similar gradient was observed: highest for executives (61.9 (60.7, 63.1) years) and lowest for the unskilled (52.2 (50.2, 54.2) years). The ratio of occupationally active life expectancy to total life expectancy was highest for executives (85%) and lowest for farmers (81%) and unskilled workers (82%). The social class gradient known to exist for mortality is also present for occupational disability. Social class and marital status differences in mortality are already evident in early adulthood and continue into old age. Those with the highest life expectancy also have the largest proportion of their life span free of occupationally incapacitating disability.

Prevalence and correlates of snoring and observed apneas in 5,201 older adults.

The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of snoring, observed apneas, and daytime sleepiness in older men and women, and to describe the relationships of these sleep disturbances to health status and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A cross-sectional design was employed to study sleep problems, CVD, general health, psychosocial factors, and medication use. The subjects were participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study, which included 5,201 adults, aged 65 and older, who were recruited from a random sample of Medicare enrollees in four U.S. communities. Study measures employed were sleep questions, echocardiography, carotid ultrasound, resting electrocardiogram, cognitive function, cardiopulmonary symptoms and diseases, depression, independent activities of daily living (IADLs), and benzodiazepine use. Thirty-three percent of the men and 19% of the women reported loud snoring, which was less frequent in those over age 75. Snoring was positively associated with younger age, marital status, and alcohol use in men, and obesity, diabetes, and arthritis in women. Snoring was not associated, however, with cardiovascular risk factors or clinical CVD in men or women. Observed apneas were reported much less frequently (13% of men and 4% women) than snoring, and they were associated with alcohol use, chronic bronchitis, and marital status in men. Observed apneas were associated with depression and diabetes in women. In both men and women, daytime sleepiness was associated with poor health, advanced age, and IADL limitations. The conclusions of the study were that loud snoring, observed apneas, and daytime sleepiness are not associated cross-sectionally with hypertension or prevalent CVD in elderly persons.

Nocturnal Penile Tumescence and Marital Status in Men With Erectile Dysfunction

Little scientific information is available about relationship between erectile dysfunction and marital status. The repetitive cycle of penile erections during sleep provides an opportunity to objectively measure erectile function. In this study, we analyzed sleep-related erections in 787 men with erectile complaints. Penile rigidity was measured during nocturnal tumescence and compared between groups of men differing in marital status. Mean rigidity was lower for widowers than other groups, mainly because they were older. Age-adjusted covariance analysis revealed lower mean rigidity for single men than for married, separated, and divorced men. Finally, within-group rigidity distributions suggested a psychogenic profile occurring more frequently in divorced men than in other groups. These descriptive data provide the foundation for further study of the relationship between erectile failure and marital status.

Killing the competition

Sex- and age-specific rates of killing unrelated persons of one's own sex were computed for Canada (1974-1983), England/Wales (1977-1986), Chicago (1965-1981), and Detroit (1972) from census information and data archives of all homicides known to police. Patterns in relation to sex and age were virtually identical among the four samples, although the rates varied enormously (from 3.7 per million citizens per annum in England/Wales to 216.3 in Detroit). Men's marital status was related to the probability of committing a same-sex, nonrelative homicide, but age effects remained conspicuous when married and unmarried men were distinguished.These findings and the treatment of age and sex effects by criminologists are discussed in the light of contemporary evolutionary psychological models of sex differences and life-span development. Same-sex homicides in which killer and victim are unrelated can be interpreted as an assay of competitive conflict. In every human society for which relevant information exists, men kill one another vastly more often than do women. Lethal interpersonal competition is especially prevalent among young men, which accords with many other aspects of life-span development in suggesting that sexual selection has maximized male competitive prowess and inclination in young adulthood.