Marital Satisfaction Scale Research Articles

The Moderating Effect of Gender Role in Relationship Between Emotional Divorce and Marital Satisfaction: Comparison of Partial Least Square (PLS) and Consistent Partial Least Square Methods (PlSc) Methods.

Emotional divorce refers to a state of emotional disengagement from one's spouse, which can lead to marital dissatisfaction. Gender role conflict is a predictor of marital dissatisfaction and ultimately, divorce. The literature suggests that rigid adherence to traditional gender roles may contribute to emotional divorce. In this article, the authors aim to investigate the moderating effect of gender roles in the relationship between emotional divorce and marital satisfaction by using two multivariate methods in statistical analysis. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 539 women aged 18-65 years. The standard questionnaires used include 1) Bem Sex Role Inventory (Short form), 2) Gutman's Emotional Divorce Questionnaire, and 3) Evaluation and Nurturing Relationship Issues, Communication and Happiness (ENRICH) Marital Satisfaction (EMS) Scale. To achieve the purpose of the study, PLS and PLSc methods have been used. The mean age and time of marriage were 33.88 ± 6.6 and 13.03 ± 7.29 years. There is a significant negative relationship between emotional divorce and marital satisfaction. The gender role of most participants in the study has been androgenic and feminine, which has increased the moderating effect of this relationship. Also, when there is a common (reflective) factor model, Consistent Partial Least Square is more likely to provide a better fit than Partial Least Square. The results showed that higher women's marital satisfaction would be associated with lower emotional divorce. On the other hand, the role of gender is a mediating factor in marital satisfaction and emotional divorce. Having good male and female characteristics can have a positive impact on marital satisfaction, so increasing couples' knowledge of gender roles and trying to reduce traditional extreme roles can help increase marital satisfaction and reduce emotional divorce.

The Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Emotional Abuse Questionnaire

Objective: Intimate partner emotional abuse is a serious issue that can lead to catastrophic outcomes for victims. Emotional abuse involves psychological tactics to control, manipulate, and degrade a person within an intimate relationship. This research aimed to translate the Emotional Abuse Questionnaire (EAQ) developed by Jacobson and Gottman into Persian for use among Iranian university students. Method: The translation of the 66-item EAQ involved a meticulous forward and backward translation process, linguistic matching, and a pilot review. In this cross-sectional study, 346 university students from Rasht, Iran, completed the EAQ. The mean age of participants was 26.78 ± 8.10 years, with most being female (89.0%). Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest analysis while content and face validity were assessed by a panel of experts. Construct validity was examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and internal consistency measures. Divergent validity was assessed by comparing the EAQ with the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMS). Results: Impact scores for face validity ranged from 2.33 to 3.92, based on respondents' ratings of frequency and importance. Content validity assessment led to removing four items with a CVR below 0.62, resulting in 62 valid items. The EAQ showed strong internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.97, exceeding the acceptable threshold of 0.70. CFA results confirmed the validity of the second-order factor model of the EAQ (χ2/df = 4.34, CFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.098, SRMR = 0.077). The EAQ demonstrated a strong correlation with EMS measures, confirming divergent validity. Conclusion: The Persian version of the EAQ is a reliable instrument for assessing emotional abuse among Iranian university students. Future research should explore the cultural sensitivity of the questionnaire and investigate associations between emotional abuse and other variables of interest, such as mental health outcomes or relationship dynamics. These avenues promise valuable insights into the frequency and effects of emotional abuse across diverse cultural contexts.

Relationship between marital satisfaction and defeat in IVF-ET: based on actor-partner interdependence model approach

Objective A person’s marital satisfaction is a strong predictor of their own mental health outcomes. However, marital satisfaction results from both spouses’ experiences, so a partner’s marital satisfaction also affects his or her mental health outcomes. This study adopted the actor-partner interdependence model approach (APIM) to evaluate the relationship between marital satisfaction and sense of defeat in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) couples. Methods and measures In this cross-sectional study, 181 infertile couples undergoing IVF-ET treatment were recruited using the Marital Satisfaction Scale of the ENRICH Marital Quality Questionnaire and Defeat Scale. Through APIM and Pearson analysis, the path relationship between marital satisfaction and defeat was analyzed. Results The varying degrees of defeat in IVF-ET couples, are closely related to actors’ and partners’ marital satisfaction. In terms of actor effects, the Marital Satisfaction of both husbands (β = −0.71, p < 0.001) and wives (β = −0.46, p = 0.001) have a significant effect on individual Defeat. With regard to partner effects, husbands’ Marital Satisfaction (β = −0.23, p = 0.038) has a significant impact on wives’ Defeat and the wives’ Marital Satisfaction (β = −0.45, p = −0.005) has a significant impact on husbands’ Defeat. Conclusion IVF-ET couples must be looked at as a whole, and it is critical to include couples and not just men or women when studying infertility. The importance of their interaction is essential to improve the psychosocial adaptation of infertile couples in IVF-ET treatment.

Religiosity and the Marital Satisfaction of Malaysian Christians: A Pilot Study

Amid the challenges experienced by married couples and families, the need to examine the factors associated with marital satisfaction is recognised across various communities and backgrounds. Nevertheless, research on Malaysian Christians remains limited, especially concerning religiosity and marital satisfaction. Therefore, this study provides a deeper understanding of marital satisfaction among Malaysian Christians, focusing on its association with the factor of religiosity. 62 participants responded to self-report scales – including the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale and the Religious Commitment Inventory-10 – and open-ended questions on marital satisfaction experience and marital views, values, and attitudes development. A one-sample t-test analysed the marital satisfaction level of Malaysian Christians and some amount of marital distress was indicated. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis established that religiosity significantly predicted marital satisfaction. The open-ended responses were analysed thematically and the identified themes pertaining to how married Malaysian Christians experience marital satisfaction and religiosity complemented the quantitative findings. These findings could inform the development of programmes on marriage and family life and assist marriage counsellors, family therapists and other mental health professionals to work more effectively with the Malaysian community. Couples and families may also gain awareness, insights and inspiration towards enriching their experiences within marriage and family life.

The structural model of marital satisfaction based on relational beliefs with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in married women

Introduction: Inefficiency in the process of emotion regulation prevents the emergence of efficient behaviors and appropriate coping responses to the situation in marital relationships by the individual, which seems to be influenced by relational beliefs. Aim: The present study aimed to formulate a structural model of marital satisfaction based on relational beliefs with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in married women. Methods: The current research was descriptive-correlation based on the method of structural equations and the statistical population of the present study consisted of all married women between the ages of 30 and 50 who were referred to counseling centers in Tehran in the first six months of 2022, among them 371 women were selected using the random clusters sampling method. The research tools included ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale, Relationship Belief Inventory, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. For data analysis, Pearson's correlation method and structural equations were used with SPSS version 22 and AMOS version 24 software. Results: The results of the present study showed there is an indirect and significant relationship between relational beliefs and marital satisfaction with the mediation of positive emotional cognitive regulation (P=0.003, Z=-2.11). There is an indirect and significant relationship between relational beliefs and marital satisfaction with the mediation of negative emotional cognitive regulation (P=0.009, Z=-1.78). Conclusion: The results showed that marital satisfaction is predicted based on communication beliefs with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in married women. It is suggested that couple therapists and family therapists pay attention to relational beliefs and cognitive emotion regulation strategies derived from them in counseling and couple therapy to increase marital satisfaction.

Structural Relationships between Attachment Styles and Marital Satisfaction with the Mediation of Loneliness

Introduction: Identifying related and influencing factors on marital satisfaction is of particular necessity and importance. It seems that attachment styles and loneliness are among the factors affecting marital satisfaction. Aim: The present study aimed to determine the structural relationships between attachment styles and marital satisfaction with the mediation of loneliness. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of this study included all women and men who were referred to family counseling centers in Ilam City in 2019 with complaints of marital problems which 320 were selected by convenience sampling method. To collect data Adult Attachment Questionnaire by Simpson (1990), ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (1993) and The University of California Loneliness Scale (1996) were used. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS .24 and Amos. 24. Results: In the present study, the results showed that loneliness and marital satisfaction had a negative and significant relationship (β=-.258, P=.001). Avoidant attachment (β=-.189, P=.001) and anxious attachment (β=-.138, P=.001) and marital satisfaction had a negative and significant relationship. Loneliness in the relationship between secure attachment (β=.149, P=.001), anxiety (β=-.043, P=.048) and avoidance (β=-.140, P=.001) and marital satisfaction had a mediating role. Conclusion: The results showed that loneliness mediates the relationship between secure, anxious and avoidant attachment and marital satisfaction. Therefore, it is suggested that couples and family therapists, in counseling and couple therapy, to increase marital satisfaction, should also pay attention to people's attachment styles manifestations and feelings of loneliness caused by it.

한국문화 부적응 결혼이주여성의 문화적응 스트레스 감소와 결혼만족도 향상 소집단미술치료 사례연구

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of small group art therapy on reducing cultural adaptation stress and enhancing marital satisfaction in immigrant women expressing maladjustment to Korean culture. The subjects were married immigrant women who attended a Comprehensive Welfare Center in S city. The small group art therapy programs were implemented 1 to 2 times a week, totaling 13 sessions from January 10th to March 31st, 2024. The Cultural Adaptation Stress Scale, Marital Satisfaction Scale, Person in the Rain (PITR) Drawing Test, and Kinetic Family Drawing (KFD) Test were used as research tools and they were administered as pre- and post-tests for comparison and analysis. Qualitative analysis was conducted on the major changes over time according to these results. In summary, the results of this study indicate that small group art therapy had a positive effect on reducing cultural adaptation stress in married immigrant women expressing maladjustment to Korean culture. In the Person in the Rain (PITR) drawing tests, they showed changes in stress, coping resources, and coping abilities. Secondly, small group art therapy had a positive impact on improving marital satisfaction in married immigrant women expressing maladjustment to Korean culture. The Kinetic Family Drawing (KFD) tests showed changes of conversations and interactions among family members. Thirdly, upon examining qualitative changes, group members visually expressed internal anxiety, leading to alleviation of emotional conflicts and psychological symptoms. Based on the above results, it is significant that small group art therapy suggests the possibility of being utilized as an early intervention program for reducing cultural adaptation stress and enhancing marital satisfaction in married immigrant women expressing maladjustment to Korean culture.

Body Image Concern, Sexual Esteem and Marital Satisfaction in Young Married Adults

This correlational research aims to study body image concerns, sexual esteem and marital satisfaction in young married adults. The sample consist of N = 163 young married adults from Lahore, Pakistan. The measures included Body Image Concern Scale (He et al., 2017), Sexual Esteem Scale (Snell &amp; Papini, 1989) and ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (Fowers &amp; Olson, 1993) in addition to demographic information sheet. The findings revealed that body image concerns negatively (-0.34, p &lt; .001) while sexual esteem positively (0.42, p &lt; .001) relates to marital satisfaction. Significant gender differences revealed that men tend to have better sexual esteem (t = 2.90, df = 161, p &lt;0.01) and marital satisfaction (t = 2.01, df = 161, p &lt;0.05) than women. Increase in total family income, marital satisfaction tends to increase. The mediation analysis revealed that sexual esteem serves as a mediator between concerns about body image and marital satisfaction. The study implies potential development of therapeutic interventions for enhancing marriage satisfaction and addressing societal stigmatization of body ideals for improved marital quality.

Factors Related to Maternal-fetal Attachment in Pregnant Mothers: An Analytical Cross-sectional Study

Aim:: The study investigated the relationship between Determining the Factors Related to Maternal-Fetal Attachment in Pregnant Mothers with Maternal-Fetal Attachment. Background:: Demographic policies in Iran emphasize population, fertility, and maternal health. Maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) is a term used to describe conditions that help the mother cope with the physiological changes during pregnancy. MFA contributes significantly to the future health of mother and child. Thus, it is essential to identify the nature of maternal-fetal attachment during pregnancy, when women need to prepare for and adapt to childbirth. The present study was conducted to determine the factors related to maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant mothers of Arak City. Objectives:: The study investigated the relationship between obstetric-demographic factors, emotional intelligence, marital satisfaction, and domestic violence with maternal-fetal attachment. Methods:: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 177 pregnant mothers with a gestational age of 37-40 who were referred to health centers in Arak, Iran, for pregnancy care in 2022. Five questionnaires, including an obstetric-demographic questionnaire, Cranley's Standard Mother-Fetal Attachment Scale, Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test, ENRICH marital satisfaction scale, and HITS domestic violence questionnaire, were used to measure the factors related to maternal-fetal attachment. Data were analyzed using SPSS21 software and descriptive and analytical statistics, including frequency distribution, Pearson correlation, t-test, Chi-square, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Multiple Logistic Regression model. Results:: The mean of age women and age of husbands was 29.07± 5.88 years and 32.93± 5.28 years, respectively. The mean maternal-fetal attachment score was 88.12± 15.76. The mean of the emotional intelligence, the marital satisfaction and, the domestic violence was 4.71± 2.81, 121.88± 17.30, 37.86± 7.25, 6.54± 3.35, respectively. The interval between the current and the previous pregnancy had a range of 1-7 years and a mean of 4.71± 2.8 years. : There was a positive significant correlation between the maternal-fetal attachment score and the interval between the current and the previous pregnancy (r=0.22, p=0.02), : There was a positive significant correlation between the maternal-fetal attachment score and the emotional intelligence (r=0.31, p=0.001) the marital satisfaction (r=0.25, P=0.001). There was a negative significant correlation between the maternal-fetal attachment score and the domestic violence (r=-0.26, p=0.001 Conclusion:: Identifying attachment-related factors helps the health staff carry out the necessary training and preventive measures to increase maternal-fetal attachment, especially in high-risk parents who need more care.

Marital Satisfaction, Social Support and Coping Strategies Among Couple Having Miscarriage

Miscarriage is a challenging and emotionally distressing experience for couples, often affecting various aspects of their lives, including marital satisfaction, social support, and coping strategies. This study aims to explore the interplay between these factors to better understand the dynamics within couples facing the aftermath of miscarriage. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 200 couples who had recently experienced a miscarriage. Participants were recruited through hospitals, support groups, and online platforms. Each couple completed a set of structured questionnaires, including the Comprehensive Marital Satisfaction Scale (CMSS) to assess marital satisfaction, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) to measure perceived social support, and the Brief COPE inventory to identify coping strategies. Findings revealed a significant negative correlation between miscarriage and marital satisfaction (r = -0.45, p &lt; 0.001). Couples reported lower scores on the marital satisfaction scale, indicating decreased satisfaction within their relationships. Perceived social support played a crucial role, with higher support levels associated with better marital satisfaction (r = 0.32, p &lt; 0.001). Coping strategies varied among couples, with active coping, acceptance, and positive re framing positively correlated with marital satisfaction, while avoidant coping strategies showed a negative association. Results indicated that the relationship between coping strategies and marital satisfaction was mediated by perceived social support, and this mediation effect was moderated by the intensity of the miscarriage experience. The findings underscore the importance of addressing these factors in clinical interventions and support services for couples dealing with pregnancy loss. , ,

Polish Adaptation of the Coparenting Relationship Scale

Abstract: The Coparenting Relationship Scale (CRS) is a 35-item self-report measure used to assess subjective evaluation of the relationship between parents. Developed and applied in the United States, it was translated and adapted in other countries. The article presents a Polish adaptation of the CRS. The study included 802 respondents (514 mothers, 288 fathers). In comparison to the original 7-factor structure of the original CRS, in our case, we excluded the division of labor factor and achieved satisfactory goodness-of-fit criteria upon the inclusion of the method factor with reverse-worded (RW) items. We also attempted to test measurement invariance by gender and across two cultural contexts: comparing with the USA and Switzerland. In all cases, at least scalar invariance was achieved, allowing for comparisons between the mentioned groups. We also verified construct validity, which allowed us to demonstrate convergent validity when the CRS was correlated with the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale and Parental Distress Scale, as well as discriminant validity when the CRS was correlated with the Lie Scale from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised. The results of statistical analyses show that the Polish CRS is a valid and reliable measure of the coparenting relationship.

Marital Satisfaction, Emotion Regulation and Self-Efficacy in Women with Postpartum Depression

The aim of the study is to explore the relationship between marital satisfaction, emotion regulation, and self-efficacy in women experiencing Postpartum Depression. The sample size consisted of N=100 participants which were women with PPD symptoms who visited the OPD of gynecology ward of government hospitals. The selected population age average was 19 to 35 years. Urdu translated scales of Comprehensive Marital Satisfaction Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and General Self-Efficacy Scale were used for data collection. The information was analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation, Moderation Analysis and Multiple Regression via SPSS 21 version. The conclusion of this research has been demonstrated that there is weak positive correlation between Marital Satisfaction and severity of PPD in women. This study suggests that as Marital Satisfaction increases, the impact of PPD symptoms decreases. It also showed that Self-Efficacy has a strong and significant effect on PPD symptoms as a moderator.

PSYCHIATRIC MORBIDITY AND MARITAL SATISFACTION IN SPOUSES OF PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE SYNDROME

Background: Prevalence of alcohol dependence in men has been increasing worldwide, particularly in India. Alcohol dependence syndrome appears to be associated with psychiatric problems specially among spouses. Understanding and addressing the effects of such psychiatric problems becomes necessary. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of psychiatric morbidity and marital satisfaction in spouses of patients with alcohol dependence syndrome. Materials and Methods: 246 men with alcohol dependence syndrome and their spouses were evaluated. Marital satisfaction was assessed using the ENRICH marital satisfaction scale. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interviews (MINI) was used to screen for the possible presence of psychiatric morbidity among spouses. Severity of alcohol dependence in the husbands and consequences of drinking was assessed using Short Alcohol Dependence Data (SADD) and drinkers inventory of consequences (DrInC) respectively. Results: More than half of the spouses (57.72%) had a psychiatric disorder. Primarily mood and anxiety disorder were present. Major depressive disorder was present in 33.33%. Psychiatric morbidity among spouses was significantly associated with SADD. Significant association was found between age, education status, occupation, religion and psychiatric morbidity of spouses. Marital satisfaction score was low and conflicts between the couple was significantly associated with psychiatric morbidity of spouses. Conclusion: Psychiatric morbidity in spouses of alcohol dependent men is high, with marital satisfaction being low. Addressing these issues in spouses can improve their quality of life as they play an important role in the treatment of alcohol dependence syndrome.

Kids or Kitchen: An Examination of Marital Satisfaction of Employed Parents in Pakistan’s Banking Sector

The focus of this study is to examine variations in marital satisfaction across genders (working fathers and mothers) and traditional vs. career couples in bankers in Pakistan. Data has been collected from 352 male bankers (working fathers) and 188 female bankers (working mothers) through a closed-ended questionnaire. Measures included demographic information and the marital satisfaction scale. These study findings show a significant difference in reports of marital satisfaction. Working fathers reported more marital satisfaction than working mothers. Dual-career households experienced lesser satisfaction with marriage than traditional career households.

Mindful parenting, parenting self-efficacy, and marital satisfaction of mother with toddler on family resilience during pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has both positive and negative impacts on individuals in affected areas. For mothers who have many roles at home, this impact can cause stress due to sudden changes in the family. Therefore, it is important to know whether mindful parenting, parenting self-efficacy, and marital satisfaction are important factors for family resilience. This study used a quantitative approach to examine the roles of those factors. Data obtained using Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire, Interpersonal Mindful Parenting, Self-Efficacy Parenting Task Index-Toddler Scale Short Form and ENRICH Marital Satisfaction (EMS) Scale were analyzed by multiple regression. Based on data from 116 mothers who have toddlers (Mage = 28.46, SD = 3.14), it is known that the associations of mindful parenting, parenting self-efficacy, and marital satisfaction predict 50% of family resilience positively. Furthermore, marital satisfaction provides the largest significant unique contribution, followed by a smaller contribution by parenting self-efficacy, while mindful parenting did not. This shows that internal and external factors by the mother both contribute to creating a resilient family during the Covid-19 Pandemic, thus, it is essentially important to ensure that mothers receive good support from their partners and are confident in providing positive care for their children.

The Role of Mindfulness and Assertiveness on Housewives’ Marital Satisfaction

Housewives are frequently burdened with numerous roles and responsibilities, occasionally contending with domestic conflicts that impact their level of marital satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to find out the role of mindfulness and assertiveness in the marital satisfaction of housewives who do not have a job. This research was a quantitative survey research on 262 unemployed housewives. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Three scales were used to collect data the Marital Satisfaction Scale, the Mindfulness Scale, and the Assertiveness Scale. Data for hypothesis testing were analyzed using multiple regression. The results revealed that mindfulness and assertiveness have a positive and significant role in affecting housewives’ marital satisfaction at 29.4 percent. The implication of this study is that improving mindfulness and assertiveness among housewives, particularly those who prioritize household responsibilities and do not work, can positively influence marital satisfaction.

Relationship between sleep quality and marital satisfaction of working women during the premenopausal period

Sleep disorders can adversely affect physical, sexual, and marital health, particularly among middle-aged women. This study aimed to determine the relationship between sleep quality and marital satisfaction of working women during the premenopausal period. In this cross-sectional study, we selected 150 women working at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Iran was selected using random cluster sampling. A demographic information form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Evaluation and Nurturing Relationship Issues, Communication, and Happiness (ENRICH) marital satisfaction scale were used for data collection. The Data were analyzed using SPSS.22 software at a significance level of P < 0.05. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to predict sleep quality based on marital satisfaction. Our results showed that 79 (52.7%) of the participants had undesirable sleep quality, 87 (58%) had high marital satisfaction, and 32 (21.3%) had very high marital satisfaction. Regression analysis revealed that the total marital satisfaction score could not predict the sleep quality score of the participants. However, as dimensions of marital satisfaction, personality issues negatively (β = 0.327, P < 0.05) and ideological orientation positively (β = 0.336, P < 0.01) predicted the sleep quality score. Based on the prediction of the sleep quality score by personality issues and ideological orientations among the dimensions of marital satisfaction, it seems that life skills training, especially in these two dimensions, may improve the quality of sleep and, as a result, the physical and mental health of working women.

The Moderating Role of Interpersonal Mindfulness in the Relationship Between Social Media Use and Marital Satisfaction

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the moderating role of interpersonal mindfulness in the relationship between social media use and marital satisfaction. Methods: This study was descriptive and correlational in terms of its objectives and the manner of data collection. The sample population consisted of married individuals who used social media and resided in Tehran, from whom 160 people were selected using a convenience sampling method. In this research, the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale by Steven Puchter et al. (2018), the Social Networks Scale by Mojdeh et al. (2014), and the Marital Satisfaction Scale by Enrich were used. To evaluate the structural model of the study, the four-stage structural assessment model proposed by Hair et al. (2017) was utilized. Findings: The results indicated a significant positive correlation between interpersonal mindfulness and marital satisfaction, and a significant negative correlation between the extent of social media use and marital satisfaction (P = 0.05). Conclusion: Ultimately, the findings demonstrated that the moderating role of interpersonal mindfulness in the relationship between social media use and marital satisfaction is significant.

Effectiveness of Ellis's Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy on Marital Beliefs and Marital Satisfaction in Women Affected by Infidelity

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) on marital beliefs and marital satisfaction in women affected by marital infidelity. Methods and Materials: The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group. The sample consisted of 30 women affected by marital infidelity in Tehran, who were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 15) or the control group (n = 15). The experimental group received 10 sessions of REBT intervention, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The instruments used included the Relationship Belief Inventory (RBI) and the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale. Data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and related statistical tests. Findings: The results showed that REBT significantly reduced irrational relational beliefs and increased marital satisfaction in women affected by infidelity. The experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in scores on marital beliefs and satisfaction compared to the control group after the therapeutic intervention. The findings of the multivariate analysis of covariance also confirmed the significant impact of REBT intervention on improving the studied variables. Conclusion: These findings indicate the high effectiveness of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) in changing irrational beliefs and increasing marital satisfaction in women affected by marital infidelity. However, it is recommended that future research with larger sample sizes and long-term follow-ups be conducted to examine the more sustained effects of this therapy.

How’s Parenting Stress can Decrease Marital Satisfaction? Study on Teen Mom

The challenges of the transition from childhood to adolescence raise various upheavals within the individual. Especially for teenagers who married young and pregnant. Having kids when individuals are teenagers can trigger stress due to parenting, especially for girls who become mothers for the first time, parenting stress felt by teen moms can decrease marital satisfaction, because there is a incompatibility between expectations of marriage with the existing reality. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of parenting stress on marital satisfaction. This study design for quantitative approach. A total of 90 teen mom were enrolled in this study. They were asked to finish several questionnaires, including the Parental Stress Scale and the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale. The obtained data were analysed using simple regression test, to determine whether or not influence of parenting stress (PS) on marital satisfaction (MS). Results revealed that parenting stress influence negative effect on marital satisfaction. Furthermore, the high parenting stress felt by teen moms after the presence of children cause lower marital satisfaction.