Marital Duties Research Articles

Exploring Cambodian adolescents' perceptions on sex: a qualitative investigation.

Involvement in sexual activities increases during adolescence in many countries, including Cambodia. The objective of this study is to explore the perspectives and interpretations of sex held by Cambodian adolescents within the context of their social norms and culture. A qualitative research design was used to conduct in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of 91 Cambodian adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years. Participants were recruited from rural areas, and data was collected through face-to-face interviews using semi-structured interview guides. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Four themes as perspectives of sex were identified: (1) Desire: Releasing sexual desire and stress; (2) relationship: an emotional connection and demonstration of love; (3) roles: responsibilities within a woman's marital duties; and (4) values: the value of virginity and future engagement. Cambodian adolescents' perspectives and interpretations of sex were deeply influenced by their social norms and cultural values. Men typically perceived sex through the lens of instinct and pleasure, while women often emphasized a deep sense of familial duty and held premarital sex to be morally unacceptable. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving the sexual health of Cambodian adolescents should be designed with an understanding of the social norms and cultural values that shape their perspectives and interpretations of sex. Such interventions should focus on promoting safe sex practices and providing accurate and comprehensive sexual education.

“Dear Lord, If It Were Up to Me, It Wouldn’t Happen”: Marital Duty, Consent, and Catholic Women’s Sexual Agency in 1950s French-Speaking Belgium

“Dear Lord, If It Were Up to Me, It Wouldn’t Happen”: Marital Duty, Consent, and Catholic Women’s Sexual Agency in 1950s French-Speaking Belgium

Intragender Relationship of the Traditional Ilorin Women in Domestic Front: Lessons for Modern Muslim Women

The traditional Ilorin society was renowned for peaceful coexistence among its people and decorum in the family domain. Families made Islamic principles their watchwords and the genders collaborated to ensure that marital obligations were efficiently performed. This paper focuses on the pattern of family management displayed by traditional Ilorin women to facilitate peaceful cohabitation and efficient performance, as wives and mothers. The study is historical and ethnographic, dwelling on the system’s pattern of orientation and integration of new wives, division of domestic chores, collaborative nurturing of children, fraternity system and disciplinary measures. The major instruments for data collection are interview, observation, documented studies and Islamic texts. The study revealed religious faithfulness as their inspiration and Islamic ethics of gentility, mutual support, collaboration among women cohered to channel the family course. These were borne out of sincere love and unity which translated into peace and harmony in the home and the society. The paper submits that if modern women can embrace this Islamic interactive etiquette and hold the marital duties in high esteem, as done by the traditional Ilorin women, there will be family cohesion, meaningful progress in the society

Impact of emotional divorce on the mental health of married women in Saudi Arabia

Emotional divorce occurs when physical, psychological, mental, and spiritual separation occurs between spouses despite the fact that they live in the same house and exercise their marital duties. Emotional divorce has adverse effects on the mental health of those involved, as evidenced by the higher incidence of depression, anxiety, and loneliness among such couples. Saudi women are particularly vulnerable to emotional divorce owing to social, legal, economic, and cultural factors. Therefore, it is important to examine the relationship between emotional divorce and mental health issues (depression, anxiety, and loneliness) in married women in Saudi Arabia. Using scales that assess emotional divorce, depression, anxiety, and loneliness, data were collected from 241 married Saudi women (Mage = 34.41 years; SDage = 5.23 years). Findings revealed a statistically significant correlation between emotional divorce, depression, anxiety, and loneliness. One-way ANOVA confirmed that those with high levels of emotional divorce concurrently scores higher on the depression, anxiety, and loneliness tools, followed by those with moderate and low emotional divorce scores, respectively. Linear regression analysis indicated that depression, anxiety, and loneliness were strong predictors of emotional divorce, explaining 61% of the variance in the emotional divorce scores in this sample. These findings highlight the need to focus on the mental health outcomes of individuals experiencing emotional divorce, especially in societies where legal divorce may not be acceptable or encouraged. The need for regular evaluation and timely interventions for individuals struggling with mental health problems, and for restoring a healthy marital relationship is also highlighted.

Աշխատանքում ներգրավված կանանց ընտանեկան դերերի իրագործման հոգեբանական առանձնահատկությունները

The purpose of this article is to study the interdependence between the features of the performance of family roles and the social activity of women involved in labor activities. Modern social and public transformations inevitably lead to changes in the structure of family relations, as a result of which there is a reassessment of family values, role structure, responsibilities and duties of spouses, etc. In this context, studies of the issue of revising a woman's attitude to family life and marital duties become relevant. Obviously, social activity, labor activity and public employment are also important for a modern woman, so we organized and conducted a study among working women, during which psychological methods were used with high validity and reliability. As a result of a comparative analysis of the results of a comprehensive study, it can be concluded that there is a difference between the responsibility and readiness to fulfill family roles of women with labor dependence and independent women. At the same time, it should be noted that modern women quite successfully combine the realization of family roles with work activities, and in conditions of work dependence, relatively low ambitions for family responsibilities are expressed in the importance of achieving success at work, career growth, and gaining material independence

The Witch in Flight

The Witch in Flight

Psychological problems of wives who have not been blessed with education by using reality counseling

<p>Marriage is the only legitimate means for building a household and giving birth to offspring, in line with human nature. (Indra, 2004). The purpose of marriage by a husband and wife is to form a happy family, the presence of the baby in the family is placed at the very top level of marital duties, namely to damage the side of the family. In reality, not all couples can easily obtain offspring as expected. The situation of couples who have been married for more than six years without contraception and do not have it is called infertility. Conditions of childless marriages often result in conflicts between husband and wife. The wife / woman is more often accused of being the main cause because the process of conceiving and giving birth is attached to the nature of women. Women who are always blamed will result in psychological problems in the form of stress or depression, feelings (low self-esteem) and negative thoughts about God. The purpose of discussing this case is to find out what psychic programs the wife has yet to obtain and that efforts are being made to overcome them. To obtain the data needed in this study, researchers used a reality approach, the subject of this study was a wife who did not have offspring who were married for more than six years. The results of this discussion follow the process of counseling thoughts, feelings and behaviors to receive</p>

Level of anxiety symptoms and its associated factors among nurses working in emergency and intensive care unit at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

BackgroundAnxiety is a common phenomenon in some professions including medical emergency settings. Nurses deal with grief and other psychological disturbances when they lost clients due to death at clinical settings. Thus, the level of anxiety among nurses working at emergency and intensive care unit is expected to higher as a result of life threatening cases and frequent loss of clients at emergency settings. However, the burden of anxiety and its associated factors among nurses working in emergency clinical settings are not well addressed in Ethiopia.MethodsAn institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 415 randomly selected nurses working at emergency and Intensive Care Unit at public hospitals in Addis Ababa. Data were collected using interviewer administered questioner. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale was used to measure level of anxiety symptoms. The collected data were entered to a computer using Epi-Data Version 3.1 and exported to SPSS Version 20.0 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with anxiety. Variables with P- Values of < 0.05 were considered as having statistically significant association with higher level of anxiety symptoms with 95 % confidence intervals.ResultsThe result of this study shows that 19.8 % nurses working at emergency and intensive care unit had a higher level of anxiety symptoms [95 % CI (16.1 %- 23.6 %)]. Marital status{0.28:95 %CI(0.16–0.50)}, cigarette smoking{2.48:95 %CI(1.18–5.18)}, work overload {0.35:95 %CI(0.16,0.76)} and night duty shift{0.41:95 %CI(0.19–0.87)} were factors significantly associated with higher level of anxiety symptoms among nurses working at emergency medical settings.ConclusionsNurses working at emergency and intensive care unit showed higher level of anxiety symptoms than the general population and nurses working at other medical settings. Marital status, cigarette smoking, work overload and night duty shift had statistically significant association with higher anxiety symptoms among nurses working at emergency medical settings. This demonstrates a need for the implementation of counseling services regarding effective coping mechanisms and problem-solving strategies for nurses working at emergency medical settings.

Exploring resilience in adult daughter and spousal carers of people living with dementia in North West England: an ecological approach

PurposeResearch has shown that informal carers of people living with dementia (PLWD) can be resilient in the face of caregiving challenges. However, little is known about resilience across different kinship ties. This study aims to update and build on our previous work, using an ecological resilience framework to identify and explore the factors that facilitate or hinder resilience across spousal and adult daughter carers of PLWD.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of 13 carers from North West England and analysed the data using a constructivist grounded theory approach (Charmaz, 2003).FindingsAdult daughters were motivated to care out of reciprocity, whereas spouses were motivated to care out of marital duty. Spouses had a more positive and accepting attitude towards caregiving and were better able to maintain continuity, which facilitated their resilience.Research limitations/implicationsResilience emerged on multiple levels and depended on the type of kinship tie, which supports an ecological approach to resilience. The implications of these findings are discussed.Originality/valueThis paper makes a novel contribution to the literature as it uses an in-depth qualitative methodology to compare resilience across spousal and adult daughter carers of PLWD. This study adopts an ecological approach to identify not just individual-level resilience resources but also interactive community- and societal-level resources.

Relaciones sexuales durante el embarazo y el puerperio en la España de la Temprana Edad Moderna Sexual

Queen Margaret of Austria (1584–1611) was married to King Felipe III for twelve years, of which she spent precisely half of the time pregnant. This case illustrates the relevance of a question which couples were repeatedly confronted with in Early Modern Spain: is lovemaking advantageous or harmful to the child’s prenatal development? They might have been at a loss, given the hodgepodge of contradictory opinions from philosophical, moral, and medical authorities, in addition to common beliefs and lived experiences. The powerful Catholic Church declared sex as a marital duty, yet at the same time, she preached the virtue of chastity and that intercourse was only tolerable for social reproduction. Physicians were often indecisive, as any assessment would depend on the stage of pregnancy (not always easy to determine) and other factors. After delivery, puerperium constituted another transitory state which invited certain fears, but also a redefinition of the new mother’s status and authority.

Family Law, Human Rights and Gender: An Examination of Turkish Comparative Rectitude

This article is an examination of Turkish jurisprudence of comparative rectitude in divorce cases, in terms of human rights and gender. I will focus on the cases in where one spouse (usually the wife) has been adulteress while the other spouse (usually the husband) has committed violence against his spouse. The decisions of the courts claiming the adulteress and violence perpetrator are equal at faults or sometimes violence perpetrator at a lesser fault will be criticized. Critics will be brought on 'fidelity' as a marital duty, which is a vague concept, and its sexist interpretation in legal disputes. Another legal framework in marital duties that does not shape moral or sexual behaviours of the spouses but avoids human rights abuses will be proposed as concluding thoughts.

Scheidungsgrund Sexualität Die Anschuldigungen der Sodomie und der ehelichen sexuellen Gewalt in frühneuzeitlichen Eheverfahren

The article examines if and with which terms sexual practices that were contemporary interpretable as "sodomite", i.e. “sex against nature”, were discussed in marriage proceedings before ecclesiastical courts. The source basis consists of 1,749 main proceedings, which were researched, transcribed and recorded in a database within the framework of two research projects, financed by the Austrian Science Fund between 2011 and 2018. After a brief overview of the legal norms, we focus on those 20 marriage proceedings in which wives and husbands spoke before the consistories about the "unnatural" sexual practices which had been demanded of them. Specifically, we analyze three marriage proceedings in which the charges went beyond the heterosexual framework and three marriage proceedings in which wives explicitly accused their husbands of forcibly carrying out "marital duties". It is noteworthy that, with one exception, the allegations were made only by wives. It is also noteworthy that, again with the exception of one married couple, all these married couples lived in 18th century Vienna and that at one fifth, nobles are overrepresented. In relation to all 444 marriage proceedings in which spouses accused each other of sexual misconduct, it becomes apparent that the allegations of sodomy and marital rape were more likely to lead to a temporary separation, however there was not one single case in which the consistorial councils decided that this accusations were sufficient to divorce the couple from bed and board. Although "sodomite" practices, especially those that transcended the heterosexual framework, were punishable by death, we found no evidence of exchange of information between the ecclesiastical courts and secular criminal justice.

Stakeholder perceptions on women’s health after obstetric fistula repair: results from a qualitative study in Guinea

Aims: To explore stakeholder perceptions on the health of women after female genital fistula repair in Guinea.&#x0D; Methods: In-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with stakeholders involved in fistula prevention and management in Conakry, Labé and Kissidougou regions, where EngenderHealth supports fistula repair hospitals.&#x0D; Results: 41 IDIs and seven FGDs (with 42 participants) were conducted with various stakeholders. Women who underwent fistula surgery and were discharged with a closed fistula were described as carrying several health risks. These women are seen as people more exposed to maternal and neonatal complications during pregnancy and childbirth than women who do not experience fistula.&#x0D; The core category that emerged to describe women treated for fistula was “vulnerability”. Women treated for fistula were described as “vulnerable” as compared to “normal” women who have never experienced fistula. The concept of “vulnerability” included physical, social (including mental) and economic dimensions. Physical vulnerability included the sequalae of the condition and the risk of maternal and neonatal complications such as fistula recurrence, abortion or stillbirth. Social vulnerability that includes mental vulnerability was described through the continuous stigmatization of women, the social pressure to fulfil marital duties i.e. resuming sexual intercourse or becoming pregnant again. Economic vulnerability included poverty related characteristics, lack of autonomy that maintain financial barriers to access health care.&#x0D; Conclusions: Fistula care should go beyond surgery by developing and implementing interventions that address women’s physical, psychosocial and economic vulnerabilities.

ТРАКТОВКИ ОБРАЗА ДОРОТЕИ БРУК И ПРОБЛЕМА ЖЕНСКОГО САМОСОЗНАНИЯ В РОМАНЕ ДЖ. ЭЛИОТ «МИДДЛМАРЧ»

The article examines the specificity of artistic interpretation of women’s issues in the novel “Middlemarch”. In fact, George Eliot’s works contribute - directly or indirectly - to revaluation of values in favour of the woman’s private sphere and to changing the woman’s role and functions in the society. The author concludes that women’s theme in Eliot’s novel acquires new features in comparison with her predecessors’ works. The paper justifies the thesis that women’s problems (social, spiritual) are transferred into the ethical domain and are reduced to the conception of struggle of egoism and altruism, social and marital duty and personal happiness.

KORELACJA WAD OŚWIADCZENIA WOLI PRZY ZAWARCIU MAŁŻEŃSTWA NA GRUNCIE PRAWA KANONICZNEGO I POLSKIEGO

CORRELATION OF DEFECTS OF DECLARATION OF INTENT WHEN ENTERING INTO MATRIMONY UNDER CANON LAW CODE AND FAMILY AND GUARDIANSHIP CODE Summary The analysis concerns the intertwining of the areas of secular and canon law with regard to defects of a declaration of will at the time of contracting a marriage. The author proceeds from an analysis of the historic background to denominational marriages starting with the 1557 Synod of Piotrków, until the 1917 enactment of the Canon Law Code (Kodeks Prawa Kanonicznego, „KPK”), when a uniform approach to marriage was adopted in the whole Universal Church. He goes on to look into the question of the forms of contracting a marriage, both the ordinary and the extraordinary form, based on the provisions of the Canon Law Code from 1983. A further part of the analysis looks back at the historical evolution of the regulations relating to the defects of the declaration of will in Polish matrimonial legislation, with emphasis on the periods when Poland was partitioned by the neighboring powers and on post-WWII Polish and international legislation relating to family matters. The article ends with an analysis of the defects of declarations of intent made in connection with entering into matrimony under the KPK and under the Family and Guardianship Code („KRO”). Under the former, these include: the lack of sufficient use of reason, significant absence of the person’s awareness of material marital rights and duties, mental inability to accept significant marital duties, error, trickery, simulation of marital consent, conditional consent, coercion or fear, while under KRO these would include: lack of awareness of a declaration of will, mistake concerning a person and threat.

LAS CONSECUENCIAS DE LA INFRACCIÓN DE DEBERES MATRIMONIALES NO DAN LUGAR A INDEMNIZACIÓN

In accordance with our rules and jurisprudence, the consequences of the breach of marital duties shall not be compensated, as they are not obligations. Additionally, Law establishes special effects in this case, the protection of fundamental rights of the spouses is opposed to compensation and there are huge difficulties to assess the requirements of civil liability.

For the good of the family: migratory strategies and affective language in Portuguese migrant letters, 1870s–1920s

Labor migration was a common strategy for Portuguese families at the turn of the twentieth century. Correspondence provided a vehicle to keep families connected and a space to sustain and recreate their relationships and emotional bonds. This article analyzes the language of call letters, a particular type of family letter written by migrant men to call their wives and children to join them abroad. In particular, it examines the ways in which migrant husbands and their wives adapted to living in transnational households and to changing roles at home and abroad. It shows how family strategies of migration were discussed within narrative frameworks of family and marital love and duty, by making use of a variety of arguments that combined discourses of both material and emotional well-being. The discussion is based on the narrative patterns, recurrent themes, and argumentative strategies of a corpus of over 2200 letters. Discussions of marital duty, loyalty, and reciprocity contributed to a language of affect built on narratives of responsibility and dependability that reinforced the idea of migration as a family project.

Correlations of Physical Activity, Body Mass Index, Shift Duty, and Selected Eating Habits among Nurses in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Nurses are the largest group of direct health providers and can serve as role models for their patients. In this cross sectional study we assessed the relationship among physical activity and barriers, shift duty, elevated BMI, and selected eating habits among 362 non-Saudi female nurses in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results showed that 46.7% were either overweight or obese. Marital status, shift duty, education level, and BMI were significant predictors of physical activity. Weather was the most frequently reported barrier to physical activity (88.3%), followed by a lack of transportation (82.6%), and a lack of time (81.3%). Nurses who worked shift duty had significantly (p = 0.004) higher BMIs compared with day shift nurses. Nurses who rarely ate breakfast (p = 0.004) and meals (p = 0.001) and often eat fast food (p = 0.001) were more likely to be overweight or obese. Nurses should be encouraged for a better healthy lifestyles.

What are the implications of inevitable changes in the family?

The Arab family is a mental construct, a demographic formula, a political institution, but above all a legal and moral fact! It is best understood in terms of Weber&apos;s ‘ideal type’, a term that refers to multiple forms in which kin relations in Arab countries are organized. No matter how different, imperfect, dysfunctional or partial they are all called families!

When Unpaid Workers Need a Legal Status: Family Workers and Reforms to Labour Rights in Twentieth-Century France

AbstractIn the second half of the twentieth century small family businesses were still widespread in France. An important reason for this resilience was the share of unpaid work performed by kin in producing for the market. The unpaid work of family members in a range of craft and commercial family businesses – particularly by spouses, sons, and daughters – contributed to both the survival of the businesses and the well-being of the families, as is testified to in numerous sources, albeit statistically undocumented. Although social rights in France are considered to be some of the most advanced in Europe, the French Parliament was extremely slow to define the legal status of these family workers. It was not until 1982 that a law was finally enacted to bestow occupational status on collaborating spouses and to define a procedure optionally to register this unpaid work and to secure social security benefits for those carrying it out. This article focuses on the process that led to a new definition of the demarcation between the marital duty to assist, and work that exceeds this moral and legal obligation, thus creating a legal right to be compensated. Two empirical perspectives, involving an analysis of the reasons behind the shifting position of trade associations on this issue, and an assessment of the influence of long-standing gendered institutions, such as marital authority, on the formal and informal rules regulating family business are used to illustrate this slow and tortuous process of acquiring occupational rights for family workers.