Marine Science Programs Research Articles

An Overview of Dr. Keith Thompson’s Contributions to Science Programs and High-Quality Training in Marine Prediction and Environmental Statistics

Dr. Keith Thompson was a highly influential scientist in marine prediction and environmental statistics in Canada and abroad. He was also exceptionally successful for providing high-quality mentorship to graduate students and early-career scientists. In this article, we provide an overview of Dr. Thompson’s career contributions to marine science programs and training for graduate students and other highly qualified personnel.

Big Steps, Little Change: A Case Study in French University Teachers’ Cognitions in the Context of Pedagogical Innovation

The rate of failure of French students during their first years at university is substantial, with only 42% graduating in the expected three or 4 years. As a result, French universities have called for a “pedagogical transformation” encouraging innovative teaching practices to improve undergraduate students’ academic success, notably the introduction of blended learning methods. In 2015, teachers from the three marine stations of Sorbonne Université created the online blended learning platform e-marin’lab for their marine science programs. In this paper, we investigated the participating teachers’ cognitions with regard to teaching and learning. Despite the success of the project that relied on their substantial voluntary commitment, the teachers demonstrated an adhesion to more traditional views (i.e., directive teacher-student transmission of knowledge is more efficient for students’ learning). Perhaps more paradoxically, our data reveal that the same teachers saw themselves as teaching in a student-oriented way, and that their students’ lack of engagement in class was due to their poor study skills and intrinsic motivation. Among other factors that will be discussed, we believe that these results are influenced by a context that does not provide many teacher training opportunities and that places little importance on teaching in university professors’ career recognition. Finally, the importance of the e-marin’lab platform in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic situation from 2020 and the massive use of distance teaching in marine sciences during national lockdown periods is discussed.

Valuing environmental education as a cultural ecosystem service at Hudson River Park

The Hudson River and its estuary is once again an ecologically, economically, and culturally functional component of New York City’s natural environment. The estuary's cultural significance may derive largely from environmental education, including marine science programs for the public. These programs are understood as “cultural” ecosystem services but are rarely evaluated in economic terms. We estimated the economic value of the Hudson River Park’s environmental education programs. We compiled data on visits by schools and summer camps from 32 New York City school districts to the Park during the years 2014 and 2015. A “travel cost” approach was adapted from the field of environmental economics to estimate the value of education in this context. A small—but conservative—estimate of the Park’s annual education program benefits ranged between $7500 and 25,500, implying an average capitalized value on the order of $0.6 million. Importantly, organizations in districts with high proportions of minority students or English language learners were found to be more likely to participate in the Park’s programs. The results provide an optimistic view of the benefits of environmental education focused on urban estuaries, through which a growing understanding of ecological systems could lead to future environmental improvements.

Developing Practical Data Skills in Undergraduate Students Using Ocean Observatories

AbstractDeveloping the workforce to meet the needs of the blue economy will require changing undergraduate marine science programs to provide a wider range of skills developed by “doing” rather than just “reading.” Students also need training on how to effectively work in a team, critically analyze data, and be able to clearly communicate key points. With that in mind, we developed a new undergraduate course (called Ocean Observing) focused on conducting research by analyzing data collected and delivered to shore in near real time from the growing global network of ocean observatories. The course structure is based on student teams that use data to develop a range of data products, many of which have been suggested by state and federal agencies as well as from maritime companies. Students can take the Ocean Observing course repeatedly throughout their undergraduate career. A complimentary second entry course (called Oceanography House) was developed to entrain freshmen first-term students into research on their first semester on campus. The Ocean Observing course has increased the number of marine science majors and the overall diversity of the marine science program and resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of independent student theses conducted each year. Over the last 10 years, student data profiles from the course emphasize the importance of conducting research in a public way so students can partake in the “adventure” of research before the outcome is known. To increase the public visibility of these “adventures,” collaborations between departments across the campus have developed nationally broadcast documentaries and outreach materials. Going forward, we seek to build on this success by developing an accelerated Masters of Operational Oceanography and link these undergraduate students with external companies through externships and coordinated research projects.

Radiocarbon in dissolved organic and inorganic carbon of the Arctic Ocean

AbstractDissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the ocean is thousands of 14C years old, yet a portion of the DOC cycles on much shorter time scales (days to decades). We present 14C measurements of DOC in the Arctic Ocean and estimate that ≥8% of the DOC in the deep Eurasian Basin contains bomb 14C. While this is a limited data set, there appears to be selective loss of modern DOC in the surface and halocline waters of the open Beaufort Sea versus the Beaufort slope. At one of the Beaufort Sea stations, there is a linear relationship between DOC Δ14C values and previously measured total hydrolysable amino acid concentrations as reported by Shen et al. (2012), indicating that deep DOC contains small amounts of bioavailable DOC. The 14C data show that not all of the deep DOC is recalcitrant.

Transdisciplinary graduate education in marine resource science and management

Abstract In this article we consider the current educational needs for science and policy in marine resource management, and we propose a way to address them. The existing literature on cross-disciplinary education in response to pressing environmental problems is vast, particularly in conservation biology. However, actual changes in doctoral-level marine science programs lag behind this literature considerably. This is in part because of concerns about the time investment in cross-disciplinary education and about the job prospects offered by such programs. There is also a more fundamental divide between educational programs that focus on knowledge generation and those that focus on professional development, which can reinforce the gap in communication between scientists and marine resource managers. Ultimately, transdisciplinary graduate education programs need not only to bridge the divide between disciplines, but also between types of knowledge. Our proposed curriculum aligns well with these needs because it does not sacrifice depth for breadth, and it emphasizes collaboration and communication among diverse groups of students, in addition to development of their individual knowledge and skills.

Development of a collaborative science plan to evaluate the conservation efficacy of a no-fishing, no-anchor marine reserve in Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, USA

The Dry Tortugas Research Natural Area (RNA), a 158-km2 no-fishing, no-anchor marine reserve, was implemented in 2007 in Dry Tortugas National Park (DRTO), Florida to minimize the effects of human activities on marine resources and to enhance the productivity and sustainability of fish populations. The process of establishing the RNA resulted in the development of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the State of Florida and the National Park Service (NPS). The MOU constitutes a roadmap for the roles and responsibilities for a state and federal partnership, collaborative preparation of a research and monitoring plan, and reporting on the progress implementing the plan and preliminary findings. A science plan was developed in conjunction with marine and fisheries scientists from multiple agencies and non-government organizations to: (1) quantify changes in the abundance and size-structure of exploited fish species within the RNA relative to adjacent areas; (2) monitor the immigration and emigration of targeted species; (3) monitor changes in species composition and catch rates of exploited fish species throughout the surrounding region; (4) evaluate the effects on marine benthic biological communities; (5) assess reproductive potential of exploited fish species by evaluating egg production and larval dispersal; and (6) implement social science studies to evaluate visitor experiences. For each topic, performance measures, essential and supplemental activities, and general study recommendations were developed. The plan supported interagency marine resource managers in the structured implementation of a science program by communicating to the public a suite of performance measures and essential and supplementary studies designed to document changes in fisheries resources. Development of collaborative marine science programs are useful for leveraging resources, engaging the public and agency decision-makers, and long-term planning to ensure that research and monitoring data are available for sustainable adaptive management of marine reserves.

Karakteristik Pasang Surut Di Alur Pelayaran Sungai Musi Menggunakan Metode Admiralty

Research the characteristics using data on 5 (five) stations tidal observations, namely: Boombaru, Lais River, Jaran Strait, Upang and Tanjung Buyut. Tidal data were obtained from observations Pelindo II branch Palembang. The research was conducted at the Computer Laboratory of Marine Science Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sriwijaya, and starts from March to April 2011. The goal of research is to analyze of the tidal propagation from outside the threshold (Tanjung Buyut) to in the threshold (Boombaru), and knowing the type of tide. The methodology used in research is descriptive comparative time series of oceanographic data, the tidal data from 2000 to 2010. Tidal analyzing used Admiralty method. The average difference longest ebb and flow between stations located in Tanjung Buyut with Boombaru, which is about 4 hours and 30 minutes for the conditions of high and 5 hours and 20 minutes for low tide conditions. Type tides result of Admiralty analysis at all stations are diurnal tide.

Climate change in the rocky intertidal zone: predicting and measuring the body temperature of a keystone predator

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 374:43-56 (2009) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07682 Climate change in the rocky intertidal zone: predicting and measuring the body temperature of a keystone predator P. Lauren Szathmary*, Brian Helmuth, David S. Wethey University of South Carolina, Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Science Program, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA *Email: szathmary@biol.sc.edu ABSTRACT: Forecasting the responses of populations and ecosystems to climate change requires that we understand both the direct effects of temperature on organism physiology and the indirect effects of temperature change on interactions such as predation and competition. The sea star Pisaster ochraceus is a keystone predator in the rocky intertidal zone with a broad geographic distribution along the west coast of North America. We developed a mechanistic heat budget model that uses environmental data to predict the body temperatures of P. ochraceus. Model accuracy was verified by comparing model output temperatures, generated using measured microclimatic data as input, to the temperatures of live P. ochraceus in the field. The average absolute errors between predicted and measured body temperatures were ~1°C. To continuously monitor sea star body temperatures in the field, we developed data loggers that thermally mimic P. ochraceus. Accuracy of these biomimetic loggers was tested by comparing logger temperatures to P. ochraceus body temperatures, and they were found to mimic body temperatures within ~1°C. Loggers were deployed at different tidal heights at a site in Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada, to investigate within-site body temperature variation. We also explored the relationship between body temperature and vertical distribution of P. ochraceus. A negative correlation was found between maximum body temperatures on Day n and the number of sea stars found in the intertidal on Day n + 1. These results suggest that temperatures reached during aerial exposure at low tide, at least in part, may determine where in the intertidal zone these sea stars are located, which could affect their foraging limits. KEY WORDS: Heat budget · Climate change · Intertidal zone · Pisaster ochraceus · Sea star · Temperature logger Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Szathmary PL, Helmuth B, Wethey DS (2009) Climate change in the rocky intertidal zone: predicting and measuring the body temperature of a keystone predator. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 374:43-56. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07682 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 374. Online publication date: January 13, 2009 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2009 Inter-Research.

Report on Workshop "Marine Science Program in the 44th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition on a Charter Research Vessel"

Report on Workshop "Marine Science Program in the 44th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition on a Charter Research Vessel"

Report on Workshop "Marine Science Program using a Charter Research Vessel" -Report of activities in JARE-43 and science plan for JARE-44-

Report on Workshop "Marine Science Program using a Charter Research Vessel" -Report of activities in JARE-43 and science plan for JARE-44-

Rapid phlorotannin induction and relaxation in five Washington kelps

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 165:293-305 (1998) - doi:10.3354/meps165293 Rapid phlorotannin induction and relaxation in five Washington kelps Kamille Hammerstrom1,*, Megan N. Dethier2, David O. Duggins2 1University of South Carolina, Marine Science Program, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA 2Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA *Current address: South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Marine Resources Research Institute, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA. E-mail: hammerstromk@mrd.dnr.state.sc.us Wounding of both terrestrial and marine plants is known to induce chemical responses in the plants; the induced compounds may defend against herbivory or act in wound-healing processes. We demonstrate here, for the first time, induction of phlorotannins in kelps (Phaeophyta, Laminariales), an important and widespread group of marine benthic algae. The rapid response of kelps to mechanical wounding contrasts with previously published work on other marine algae, where response has been slower. In 4 of the 5 species tested, induction (increases of approximately 30 to 90% of original levels) occurred very rapidly, within 1 to 3 d of wounding, although the magnitude and duration of the induction varied among species and tissue types. Many induced responses persisted for 5 to 7 d and then relaxed. Relaxation times are a critical component in the hypothesized cost-effectiveness of induced versus constitutive defenses, and this is one of the first attempts to measure relaxation times of chemical defenses in marine algae. The temporal persistence of the response suggests an anti-herbivory rather than a wound-healing function for induction of phlorotannins, although this needs further testing. Kelp phlorotannins · Induction · Relaxation · Chemical defense · Wound healing · Herbivory Full text in pdf format PreviousExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 165. Publication date: May 07, 1998 Print ISSN:0171-8630; Online ISSN:1616-1599 Copyright © 1998 Inter-Research.

International program investigates the Black Sea

Concern over the environmental condition of the Black Sea has increased markedly since the recent political changes in eastern Europe, as the extent of degradation has become clearer. This concern has led to the creation of the Cooperative Marine Science Program for the Black Sea (CoMSBlack) (Figure la), an interdisciplinary, international marine science program that provides the highest quality of oceanographic science for effective and integrated management of the Black Sea.A complex program of investigation has been outlined by the major marine research organizations of the Black Sea riparian countries, as well as the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and other western research laboratories. A series of meetings is being held to clarify the role of CoMSBlack in Black Sea research as well as the sea's role in major international research efforts. Changes in the Black Sea riparian countries have simplified integrated science

Training and technical assistance in marine science—A viable transfer product

Abstract Marine science is presented as a possible transfer product for training and technical assistance programs with developing countries. In order to develop this point we present the major research interests, techniques, and instruments of the various branches of marine science and show how some could be used in a transfer program. In order to ascertain past experience and present interest in cooperative projects with foreign scientists we sent a questionnaire to over one hundred United States marine scientists. The U.S. scientists showed a high level of interest in cooperative marine science programs and over two‐thirds had participated in some type of international marine science program, many of which involved marine technical assistance. The respondents suggested many problem areas in such programs, particularly inadequate funding, variations in scientific background among participants, cultural and language problems, and government bureaucracy. The experiences and criticisms of some marine scientists from developing countries are also reviewed and compared with the views of U.S. scientists. The foreign scientists noted as problems insufficient opportunity to participate in the planning of the programs, inadequate length of programs, and difficulties with funding and government support. We suggest several mechanisms to expand and improve the effectiveness of educational and technical assistance programs in the marine sciences with developing countries. Based on our study we feel that there is considerable interest among U.S. marine scientists in having training and technical assistance marine science programs with foreign countries. Further developments await funding and leadership.

Diagenesis and the K-Ar Dating of Shales and Clay Minerals

Research Article| May 01, 1974 Diagenesis and the K-Ar Dating of Shales and Clay Minerals EDWARD A. PERRY, JR. EDWARD A. PERRY, JR. 1Department of Geology and Marine Science Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1974) 85 (5): 827–830. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<827:DATKDO>2.0.CO;2 Article history first online: 01 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation EDWARD A. PERRY; Diagenesis and the K-Ar Dating of Shales and Clay Minerals. GSA Bulletin 1974;; 85 (5): 827–830. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<827:DATKDO>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract Gulf Coast sediments were obtained from an oil well drilled in coastal Louisiana, and their diagenesis was documented by the mineralogic changes in mixed layer illite/smectite. Samples were selected to represent varying degrees of diagenesis and separated into four size ranges for K-Ar analysis; bulk shale samples were also analyzed.The measured K-Ar ages of the mixed layer illite/smectite become progressively younger with increasing depth of burial because of the diagenetic addition of potassium caused by conversion of smectite layers to illite layers. Detrital illite and feldspar are destroyed to provide potassium for the diagenetic illite layers, and the detrital phases have lowered ages because of the greater loss of radiogenic argon relative to potassium. As a result of both processes, the measured ages of whole shale also decrease with increasing diagenesis, and radiogenic argon is lost from the system. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Tektite 1, man-in-the-sea project: marine science program.

Tektite 1, man-in-the-sea project: marine science program.