Marine Fish Products Research Articles

Self-standing perylene diimide covalent organic framework membranes for trace TMA sensing at room temperature

The unprecedented demand for highly selective, real-time monitoring and low-power gas sensors used in food quality control has been driven by the increasing popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT). Herein, the self-standing perylene diimide based covalent organic framework membranes (COFMPDI-THSTZ) were prepared via liquid–liquid interfacial synthesis method. By incorporating the perylene diimide monomer into the COFM through molecular engineering, COFMPDI-THSTZ based sensor demonstrated an outstanding trimethylamine (TMA)-sensing performance at room temperature. Benefited from the TMA-accessible self-standing membrane morphology, π-electron delocalization effect, and extensive surface area with continuous nanochannels, the specific and highly sensitive TMA measurement has been achieved within the range of 0.03–400 ppm, with an exceptional theoretical detection limit as low as 10 ppb. Moreover, the primary internal mechanism of COFMPDI-THSTZ for this efficient TMA detection was investigated through in-situ FT-IR spectra, thereby directly elucidating that the chemisorption interaction of oxygen modulated the depletion layers on sensing material surface, resulting in alterations in sensor resistance upon exposure to the target gas. For practical usage, COFMPDI-THSTZ based sensor exhibited exceptional real-time in-situ sensing capabilities, further confirmed their potential for application in dynamic prediction evaluation of marine fish products and quality monitoring in IoT.

Emerging challenges in maintaining marine food-fish availability and food safety.

The marine finfish and crustaceans contribute immensely to human nutrition. Harvesting marine food-fish to meet the global demand has become a challenge due to reduction of the fishery areas and food safety hazards associated with increased pre-harvest and post-harvest contaminations. The causes of low fish availability and contaminations were reviewed following the published literature from 2000 to 2023. The marine fish yields are stressed due to spread of contaminants triggered by rising sea temperatures, transport of microorganisms by marine vessels across the oceans, anthropogenic activities leading to increase in the toxic microorganisms, and the entry of toxic chemicals and antibiotic residues into the seawater through rivers or directly. Processing adds pyrogenic chemicals to foods. The hazardous materials may accumulate in the food-fish, beyond tolerance limits permitted for human foods. While the research and control measures focus on minimizing the hazards due to pathogenic microorganisms and chemicals in market fish, there is less discussion on the unhealthy changes occurring in the oceans affecting the quantity and quality of food-fish, and the origins of microbial and chemical contaminations. This review examines the factors affecting availability of wild food-fish and increased contaminations. It aims to bridge the knowledge gaps between the spread of hazardous agents in the marine environment, and their effects on the food-fish. Meeting the future human food security and safety through marine fish and fish products may need marine cage farming, introduction of genetically modified high yielding food-fish, and cultured contaminant free finless fish muscles as options.

PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK OLAHAN IKAN DI DESA TUING MELALUI PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PACKAGING DAN PELATIHAN DIGITAL MARKETING

Tuing Village is a village in Bangka Regency which is famous for its natural products in the form of sea fish. Currently, sea fish caught by the people of Tuing Village are processed into processed foods such as fish balls, pempek, and salted fish. However, the problem is that the people of Tuing Village have not properly packaged their processed marine fish products. In addition, their products have not been marketed to other areas in Bangka district. Therefore, we think it is important to provide knowledge about improving product quality and digital marketing training to the people of Tuing Village. The implementation of improving the quality of packaging and digital marketing training uses two stages, namely the preparation and implementation stages of activities. The stages of implementing the activity are divided into two, namely socialization and training activities. Results: The people of Tuing Village can understand the importance of improving the quality of packaging for their processed products. This important information is obtained as long as they participate in the socialization and training that we provide regarding the importance of the quality of product packaging to the durability of the product inside. Apart from that, the people of Tuing Village also understand the importance of marketing through digital marketing to reach more potential consumers, especially in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. Conclusion: The conclusion of this activity is: increasing the skills of the Tuing village community in the form of using digital marketing and improving the quality of product packaging.

Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Dalam Menghadapi Persaingan Usaha Terhadap Usaha Ikan Laut

The existence of potential fishery resources in Indonesia makes business opportunities very abundant and profitable. This is a result of the large number of people consuming marine fish and the increasing demand for marine fish in the market resulting in intense competition in the business. The purpose of this research is to identify the implementation of the marketing strategy of marine fish agents in the Bandar Jaya Timur market, to find out the competitive conditions of marine fish agents and to find out how marine fish agents in the East Bandar Jaya Market face business competition. The type of research used is a qualitative research method with a descriptive design. The results of the research prove that the result of strength with opportunity and SO (Strength Opportunities) strategy, so that it is found that the aspect that must be prioritized is the quality of the product by looking at the increasing purchasing power of the people. The next result is that weaknesses and opportunities or WO (Weakness-Opportunity) strategies are found to take advantage of opportunities for increasing public purchasing power and increasing the number of human resources, as well as optimizing the schedule for fishing. Internal and external analysis of the industry and Cartesian diagrams can be found that the main strategy of the marine fish business is the Growth strategy. The marine fish business can maintain and improve the quality of marine fish products so that people continue to believe in the products of the marine fish business and establish networks with suppliers and consumers as well as expand marketing and take advantage of technological developments to face business competition.

Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Pesisir Pantai Sadeng Gunungkidul melalui Pengolahan Ikan Tuna

The coast of Sadeng Beach is a large potential for marine and fishery resources, which is, one of the potentials is tuna fish commodities. However, the utilization of these resources is still not optimal. The limited use of technology has hampered the processing and marketing of the products, resulting in a decrease in the economic value of tuna products. This Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) activity aims to boost community development by empowering the processing of marine fish products. So that, they become products that are worth selling higher. Empowerment carried out includes the provision of materials, equipment, and training in the manufacture of processed tuna products aimed at self-reliance and community self-reliance. The training covers how to process tuna raw materials from start to finish which includes raw material preparation, storage, additional seasoning, packaging, and distribution. The activity was carried out in Pucung Village, Girisubo District, Gunungkidul Regency by involving members of the Usaha Peningkatan Pendapatan Keluarga Sejahtera (UPPKS) Harapan. The method used in this activity is the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method which involves active community participation and empowerment. Activities include providing materials and practices for processing tuna fish into tuna cracker products, tuna nuggets, and tuna tofu. The program impacts increasing knowledge and skills of tuna fish processing for empowering partners. Through this activity, the women of the UPPKS Harapan group can contribute economically to the household. The training activities were held on June 11 2022 for the assistance stage for the introduction of tuna processing materials, June 12-October 2022 for product marketing assistance, November 2 2022 assistance for creating social media content until the final evaluation stage is ongoing.

Fatty foods and the risk of bladder cancer: A case-control study

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the association between dietary fatty foods and the risk for bladder cancer. MethodsPatients newly diagnosed with bladder cancer (n = 113) and 292 controls were recruited. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to investigate the food intake within 1 y. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimated odds ratio (OR) between different types of fatty food consumption and bladder cancer. ResultsThe consumption of soybean oil, the largest proportion of cooking oil, in both groups were much higher than the Chinese recommended dietary intake, especially in the control group. Higher intake of red meat was also observed in bladder cancer cases, although lower intakes of marine fish, egg, milk, and dairy products and nuts were observed in controls. After adjusting for potential confounders, the intakes of marine fish and milk and dairy products were negatively correlated with bladder cancer, with the adjusted OR of 0.28 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–0.55) and 0.36 (95% CI, 0.19–0.69). Total nuts were related to a 76% reduction in bladder cancer risk (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.12–0.48). There was clear and positive association between soybean oil and bladder cancer risk with OR of 3.47 (95 % CI, 1.69–7.14). In stratified analyses by sex and smoking status, the relationship was similar for most results, except for milk and dairy products. The negative correlation between milk and dairy products and bladder cancer risk was only found in men; and milk and dairy products and bladder cancer risk were irrelevant by smoking status. No significant association was found between the intakes of other foods and bladder cancer risk. ConclusionsIntake of nuts and marine fish may be beneficial for the prevention of bladder cancer. The protective effect of milk and dairy products was only found in men with bladder cancer. High soybean oil intake was a risk factor for bladder cancer.

Tough and Antifreezing MXene@Au Hydrogel for Low-Temperature Trimethylamine Gas Sensing.

Trimethylamine (TMA) is one of the important chemical indexes to judge the freshness of marine fish. It is necessary to develop a low temperature TMA sensor to help the monitoring and prediction of the quality of marine fish in cold chain. Herein, a flexible low temperature TMA gas sensor featuring antifreezing and superior mechanical properties was developed based on the Au nanoparticle-modified MXene (MXene@Au) composite. MXene@Au was synthesized and then polymerized with a hydrogel composed of acrylamide (AM), N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and EG, and the resultant MXene@Au hydrogel was found to exhibit excellent antifreezing performance even at extremely low temperature as well as high tensile strength, ultrastretchability, and toughness, which enabled an efficient gas sensing platform for TMA detection at low temperature. The TMA sensing properties of the flexible MXene@Au DN hydrogel sensor at 25 °C and a low temperature of 0 °C were studied, and a linear relationship between TMA sensitivity and concentration was built. The excellent sensing properties were maintained even under deformation. The application of the MXene@Au DN hydrogel sensor in detection of fish freshness at 0 °C was investigated. The result indicated the potential application of the flexible MXene@Au DN hydrogel gas sensor in dynamic quality monitoring and prediction of marine fish products during its transportation and storage in the cold chain.

IMPLEMENTASI ANALISIS SWOT (STRENGTH, WEAKNESS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND THREAT) DALAM STRATEGI PEMASARAN PRODUK PADA PT ADIB GLOBAL FOOD SUPPLIES SURABAYA

PT Adib Global Food Supplies Surabaya is companies is a refrigeration truck transportation service (Cold Chain) and has meat, vegetable, fruit, marine and fresh fish products, processed / frozen food and dried materials for the domestic market segment. In the increasingly stringent development of the business world, especially in the field of food, which is constantly developing and very flexible, the company must be able to create a strategy so that it can get a positive assessment from consumers and be able to create an attraction for customers to make purchases again and continously. This study aims to enable the company to be able to determine the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities aspects of the company as well as to know what strategies should be implemented in order to reach the maximum point in its business, both in terms of the level of consumer loyalty, competitiveness, and so on. The method used is descriptive with data collection through observation, interviews, literature study and the Internet. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative analysis techniques. The result of this research is that PT Adib Global Food Supplies Surabaya has a weakness, namely the lack of experts for product development.Keywords : SWOT Analysis, Marketing Strategy, Product Marketing DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/jbi.v13i1.3079

Risk assessment of heavy metal exposure via consumption of fish and fish products from the retail market in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The consumption of fish and fish products can significantly contribute to the overall intake of metals in the human body, which depends on the level of contamination and dietary habits in each country. In this study, 185 samples of the 14 most frequently consumed domestically farmed and imported marine fish and fish products and exclusively domestically farmed freshwater fish available on the market in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) were analysed for the presence of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As). None of the sampled fish or fish products contained these heavy metals at levels above the prescribed maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) in B&H and the EU. The mean concentrations of the tested heavy metals were higher in marine fishes and their products compared to freshwater fishes. A study of the dietary habits of 527 consumers in B&H identified that the dietary exposure via fish and fish products to methylmercury (MeHg), inorganic mercury (IHg) and Cd was significantly below the tolerable weekly intake (TWI). In excessive fish consumers (those in the top 95 percentile), the dietary exposure to MeHg was close to the maximum recommended TWI. The Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) for Hg was significantly above 1 in the worst-case scenario for both freshwater and marine fish species, indicating possible risk to excessive consumers. In average and excessive B&H consumers, dietary exposure to Cd was estimated as significantly below the recommended TWI. Dietary exposure to total arsenic (tAs) in average and excessive consumers ranged within the acceptable values. The dietary exposure of B&H consumers to inorganic arsenic (iAs) from fish and fish products was significantly below the exposure previously determined in the population from EU countries. The results of this study suggest that fish and fish products at retail level in B&H, considering the content of the most important heavy metals and consumers’ eating habits, present low risks for consumers. • All fish samples contained heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd and As) at levels below the MAC. • Dietary exposure to MeHg, IHg and Cd was significantly below the TWI. • Freshwater fish produced in B&H contributes very little to human heavy metal exposure. • Fish sold on the B&H market present low risks to average consumers. • The THQ for Hg in the WCS indicates possible risk to excessive consumers.

Observations on the levels of total mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) in species common to the artisanal fisheries of Seychelles

Exposure to mercury (Hg) in Seychelles is expected to be high owing to the large amounts of fish regularly consumed. In spite of this consumption, a recent long-term study of child development found no evidence that higher prenatal exposure to Hg increases the risk of neurological disorders. To identify the major sources of mercury in the diets of Seychellois fish consumers, 16 species of fish common to local markets were tested for total Hg. Selenium (Se), which may act as an antidote to Hg toxicity, was also measured. Mercury and selenium were measured using standardised laboratory procedures. The average total Hg concentration across all species was 0.07mg/kg while the Se concentrations averaged 0.29mg/kg. Based on the pooled species dataset, there was no correlation between total Hg and Se concentrations, suggesting that joint bioaccumulation of these elements does not occur in the reef fishes tested. Barracuda (Sphyraena jello) had the highest concentration of Hg (0.36mg/kg), a level that was below European Union guidelines. Although Seychellois traditionally eat a large amount of fish, barracuda would need to be consumed more than 5 times a week for FAO/WHO Total Hg Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) limits to be exceeded, an unusual rate of consumption. Further investigations are needed to assess the risks posed to the population through the consumption of marine fish and fish products.

Proteomic and Bioinformatic Investigations of Heat-Treated Anisakis simplex Third-Stage Larvae.

Anisakis simplex third-stage larvae are the main source of hidden allergens in marine fish products. Some Anisakis allergens are thermostable and, even highly processed, could cause hypersensitivity reactions. However, Anisakis proteome has not been studied under autoclaving conditions of 121 °C for 60 min, which is an important process in the food industry. The aim of the study was the identification and characterization of allergens, potential allergens, and other proteins of heat-treated A. simplex larvae. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify 470 proteins, including allergens—Ani s 1, Ani s 2, Ani s 3, Ani s 4, Ani s 5—and 13 potential allergens that were mainly homologs of Anisakis spp., Ascaris spp., and Acari allergens. Ani s 2, Ani s 3, Ani s 5, and three possible allergens were found among the top 25 most abundant proteins. The computational analysis allowed us to detect allergen epitopes, assign protein families, and domains as well as to annotate the localization of proteins. The predicted 3D models of proteins revealed similarities between potential allergens and homologous allergens. Despite the partial degradation of heated A. simplex antigens, their immunoreactivity with anti-A. simplex IgG antibodies was confirmed using a Western blot. In conclusion, identified epitopes of allergenic peptides highlighted that the occurrence of Anisakis proteins in thermally processed fish products could be a potential allergic hazard. Further studies are necessary to confirm the IgE immunoreactivity and thermostability of identified proteins.

Implementasi SOM Dalam Clustering Hasil Ikan Laut Kabupaten Pekalongan

Data from sea fish in Pekalongan Regency can be processed, one of which is clustered. Clusters are grouping data based on the same criteria. The purpose of doing clustering is to be able to help in sorting and dividing a situation based on the same criteria. Clustering of marine fish products in Pekalongan Regency will be grouped into three groups, namely: a small group of marine fish products, a medium group of marine fish products, and a large group of marine fish products. The clustering process uses the SOM algorithm, and the data is taken from the website data.go.id/dataset. Data is processed in order to show which fish yields are small, medium and large. The processing process uses variable types of fish, years and results of sea fish that are stored in Excel files and then processed using Matlab. The results show that there are fish species that are classified as low and moderate clusters, namely shrimp, squid, serimping, grouper, turmeric, and ray species. The types of fish that enter the cluster and many are Tigawaja. The types of fish that enter the medium cluster are Beloso, Pihi, Pepetek, and those who enter the low cluster are 18 fish species, while those who enter the low, medium and many clusters are Petek.

Hydrophobic amino-functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposite for aldehydes detection in fish fillets

Some aldehydes (hexanal, octanal, and nonanal) are specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) related to the quality of both freshwater fish and marine fish products, and these fish products are usually with relative high moisture. Herein, a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) gas sensor modified with the hydrophobic amino-functionalized graphene oxide (AGO) nanocomposite for aldehydes detection was reported. The as-prepared materials were studied by X ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The sensor was exposed towards air streams containing aldehydes (hexanal, octanal, and nonanal in single, binary, and tertiary mixture) vapors with different concentrations under 80 % relative humidity (RH), and the sensor responded well towards aldehydes within 45 ppm. The sensor characteristics were validated by hydrophobicity, sensitivity, reversibility, selectivity and stability analyses. The sensing mechanism was proposed as (1) resistance to water vapor by hydrophobic silica nanoparticles; (2) hydrogen bonding interactions between the functional groups of AGO and aldehydes based on Gaussian calculations. This sensor was successfully applied to detect aldehydes in grass carp fish fillets and hairtail fillets. Solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometer (SPME-GCMS) was used to detect aldehydes in the same fillets samples, and the results of the sensor and SPME-GCMS were high related with a correlation coefficient of 0.98.

KOMPOSISI JENIS IKAN LAUT EKONOMIS PENTING YANG DIPASARKAN DI KOTA KUPANG

Kupang City is one of the areas that has become the center of marine fish marketing in East Nusa Tenggara Province. Sea fisheries production in 2017 amounted to 25,262.27 tons consisting of 32 types of fish. Until now, information about important marine fish species and their marketing channels in Kupang City are still limited. The purpose of the research is to identificate and inventory important marine fish species and analyze their marketing channels. This research discusses in Kupang City from May to November 2019 The research locations were Oesapa Market, Oeba Fish Market, Pasir Panjang Fish Market, Kasih Market and Tenau Fish Landing Center. This research was conducted using the field survey method and literature review. Based on the results of the study data obtained by demersal fish species of 72 species, which are included in 42 genera and 29 families. Pelagic fish species numbered 38 species, which are included in 28 genera and 14 families. So the number of species of marine fish inventoryed and collected was 110 species consisting of 43 families and 70 genera. The types of sea fish are very important which are inventoried as many as 62 species of demersal fish and 38 types of pelagic fish. So a total of 100 important marine fish that have been successfully inventoryed and repaired are 100 species. For marketing channels, from the survey results, five (5) network marketing models for important marine fish products were obtained in Kupang City. There are 7 types of marketing institutions involved from producers to registered consumers: traders, sea collectors, land collectors, retailers, agents, end consumers, and exporters. Keywords: marine fish, demersal, pelagic, economically important, marketing

Critical review of mercury contamination in Sri Lankan fish and aquatic products.

Mercury (Hg) in fish and aquatic products is a potential threat to human health and international trade, and guidelines of international advisory bodies are established for assessing Hg in these foods. As fish are the most consumed animal protein in Sri Lanka, this assessment summarises for the first-time total mercury concentrations in Sri Lankan marine and freshwater fish, invertebrates, aquatic plants, and fisheries products. It reveals that Hg levels in fish and other edible aquatic species are mostly below the published safety limits, except for certain top trophic level fish (swordfish, tuna, marlin). The review also highlights gaps in Sri Lankan Hg assessments such as a total lack of data for methyl‑mercury in these aquatic species and food products. This data compilation and assessment will serve as an initial baseline for comparison with results from future monitoring and research studies in Sri Lanka while adding to the world-wide Hg database.

ВЕРИФИКАЦИЯ МЕТОДА ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS ИЗ МОРСКОЙ РЫБЫ И РЫБНОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ

Analysis of microbiological safety of fish and fish products involves the assessment of the presence of a number of pathogenic bacteria in these products. One of these important bacteria is Vibrio parahaemolyticus – a gram-negative halophilic bacilus found in warm sea waters. The aim of this work was to verify the method of isolation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from marine fish and fish products, as well as to study the presence of Vibrio samples of fish products from large retail chains. Verification of the method of detection of parahemolytic Vibrio from fish and fish products was carried out in accordance with GOST ISO/TS 21872-2-2013 "Microbiology of food and animal feed. Horizontal method for detection of potentially enteropathogenic Vibrio spp. Part 2. "Detection of bacteria species differs from Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae". As a result of the performed studies, the reliability of this method of detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus on artificially contaminated samples was established. During monitoring fish products, parahemolytic vibrio was not detected.

LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FROM CINCALUK AND THE ACTIVITY AGAINST Vibrio alginolyticus AND Aeromonas hydrophila

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been applied as probiotic mainly to prevent pathogens. This group of bacteria can be found in marine fish products including fermented, shrimp product, cincaluk. The objective of this research was to isolate LAB from cincaluk, and examined the activity against pathogen V. alginolyticus and A. hydrophila. The research was conducted on March-Juny, total of 12 isolates were obtained from cincaluk survey method. The result of research showed that all isolates round, creamy white, smooth-edged, raised surface, and the size is 1.0 to 3.0 mm. The physiological and biochemical test showed that get all isolates had a Gram-positive, catalase positive and are indole negative, 10 isolates were motile, as many as five isolates have citric positive, 10 isolates is Methyl Red (+), all isolates ferment sucrose and lactose, while only 9 isolates ferment glucose, and as much as 6 isolates that produce sulfide. All isolates were found to have inhibitory effects against bacteria V. alginolyticus and A. hydrophila. The highest antimicrobial activity is indicated by B isolates with an average diameter of 12.3 mm and inhibition zone antivibrio activity of 6.3 units. Isolates B with an average diameter of inhibition zone of 9.7 mm and 3.7 units antiaeromonas activity.

“FISH BOX PERLTIER COOLER” FISH COLLING BOX EQUIPPED WITH PELTIER ELECTRIC COOLER (PEC)

The Purpose The purpose of this study is to provide solutions of SMEs D.SadewaKenjeran Beach related to traditional storage of marine fish products that is still using ice cubes as a cooler in the box of fishes storage. Method The method used by using Peltier Electric Cooler (PEC) in the box of fishes storage to produce stable temperature. The PEC box control system is equipped with Arduino and programmed with CX programmer. It is designed to accommodate 15kg of fish per process. Result The expected result is to improve the stability of the cooling process (below 100C), the growth of bacteria will be slower so that the product can last longer. So the productivity of SMEs can be increased 2 times with the capacity of box 15 kg of fishes. The Finding The findings of this study are the usage of 15 kg PEC box fish with Arduino CX Programmer temperature control system as a solution of storage problems of marine fish products. Keywords :Peltier Electric Cooler (PEC), SMEs, Box, Fish

Trends in Fish Production and Marine Fish Products Export from India

Fish farming can play a vital role in the economic upliftment of the rural masses especially farmers. Keeping the importance of fish farming into consideration the present study was undertaken to investigate the growth in fish production in India and Punjab along with peeping into the export trends of marine fish production from India. In order to fulfil the objectives of the study, secondary data on fish production and export scenario were obtained from various sources for India and Punjab. The results of the study brought out that the total fish production in India had increased at a growth rate of 4.29 per cent per annum from 1980–81 to 2013–14. Growth in inland fish production was higher as compared to marine fish production during the same period. Also, the quantity of inland fish production had overtaken the marine fish production during the last three decades. The relative share of marine fish export to total marine fish production had increased during 1980–81 to 2013–14. As far as fish production in Punjab was concerned, the growth in area and production from fish farming had increased at the rate of 7.63 per cent and 9.88 per cent per annum, respectively during the period 1990–91 to 2013–14. It was inferred that increase in area and fish production could be attributed to subsidy provided by the government on various components of fish farming for its promotion which was reflected in terms of increase in area under fish farming in the state. The study brought out some specific policy issues such as; the government should provide higher subsidy to fish farmers particularly for inland fish production to further augment the fish production in the country as a whole and the demand of fish in the market could be increased if people are made aware about the nutritional importance of fishes through electronic and print media.

The uncertainty of seafood labeling in China: A case study on Cod, Salmon and Tuna

Exotic marine fish products are increasingly appreciated in China. In this study, 100 samples of Cod, Salmon and Tuna products were collected from supermarkets in Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou. First the information reported on the label were assessed in the light of the Chinese legislation, paying particular attention to the fish names and the geographical origin. Then, a comparative analysis of the official trade denominations adopted by five European countries (Italy, France, Germany, Spain and United Kingdom) for Cod, Salmon and Tuna was performed. Finally, the Chinese names of the species considered in the EU list were verified consulting the available international lists. Overall, 95% of the samples employed just generic names. In particular, 98% of Salmon and 100% of Tuna products were generically labeled while the labeling of Cod products was more diversified, even though 80% reported misleading or fake denominations. The results of this work highlighted the lack of a mandatory legislation on seafood traceability and of an official naming system. In particular, this study propose the introduction of a detailed Chinese naming system based on the Chinese Latin Dictionary for Seafood Names, following the EU approach. In fact, inaccurate labeling can have both economic and health implications for consumers as well as it may distort the true abundance of fish stocks. These drawbacks can be particularly serious considering the pivotal role of China in the global fishery industry.