Marijuana Consumption Research Articles

Effects of cannabis use on the heart.

Cannabis and the marijuana derived from it, which mainly contains the psychoactive ingredient tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is increasingly being used both for medicinal purposes and as anarcotic. While many emphasize the positive aspects and uses of cannabis, it is equally important to examine the potential negative effects on health. Here, we pay special attention to undesired cardiovascular effects, as the cardiovascular system is known to react strongly to psychoactive substances. This article highlights the current scientific findings on the effects of cannabis and marijuana on the heart and cardiovascular system. Since many patients conceal their marijuana consumption, we expect ahigh number of unreported cases. Therefore, the need to disclose any drug consumption is crucial for further therapeutic decisions when taking the medical history.

Prospective Study on the Effects of Marijuana Smoking on Lipase and Amylase Activities among Adult Nigerians

Marijuana consumption is prevalent among young adults in Nigeria, and its effects on various physiological systems are of growing concern. This study investigates the impact of marijuana use on digestive enzymes, specifically serum amylase and lipase, to understand its potential implications on digestive health. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 120 participants comprising of 60 marijuana smokers and 60 non-smokers. Sociodemographic and lifestyle data were collected through structured questionnaires. Serum amylase and lipase activity levels were measured by spectrophotometric method and compared between the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed to assess differences and correlations. The study revealed that marijuana smokers had significantly higher serum amylase and lipase activities compared to non-smokers. Lipase activity correlated positively (r=0.425, p=0.019) with duration of marijuana use. Amylase activity was higher among males than females (r=-0.40, p=0.028). No significant correlation was found between the quantity of marijuana consumed and enzyme activities. Chronic marijuana consumption was associated with increased serum amylase and lipase activities, indicating potential alterations in pancreatic function. These findings suggest that marijuana use may have adverse effects on digestive health, warranting further investigation into the long-term implications. It is recommended that healthcare providers monitor digestive enzyme activities in marijuana users to detect early signs of pancreatic dysfunction.

Abstract A013: Factors associated to tobacco smoking and electronic cigarette use among a Hispanic sample of persons living with HIV in Puerto Rico, Mexico, and San Francisco

Abstract Introduction: People living with HIV (PLWH) are at greater risk of developing conditions related to tobacco smoking, given their increased use of tobacco products. A higher prevalence of electronic cigarette use among PLWH than the general population has been also reported. This study assessed factors associated with tobacco smoking and electronic cigarette use among a Hispanic sample of PLWH in Puerto Rico (PR), Mexico, and San Francisco (SF). Methods: Data from an ongoing cross-sectional study (May 2023 – May 2024) of oral HPV infection among a sample of PLWH ≥21 years old in PR [n=211 (women: 26%, men: 74%)], Mexico [n=30 (women: 90%, men: 10%)], and SF [n=18 (women: 11%, men: 89%)] was analyzed. Eligibility criteria included being a participant in the CAMPO study (NCI#U54CA242646). People who agree to participate in the oral HPV study complete an interview that collects sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and relevant clinical procedures. Chi-squared test, Fisher exact test, and logistic regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with current smoking and electronic cigarette use. Results: Mean age (years) was 51.0±12.7 SD in PR, 37.2±8.8 SD in Mexico, and 61.2±10.4 SD in SF. History of AIDS diagnosis was 18.1% in PR, 13.3% in Mexico and 37.5% in SF. In PR, 24.2% were current smokers, 8.6% were current users of electronic cigarettes, and 2.8% used both. In Mexico, 33.3% were current smokers, 3.3% were current users of electronic cigarettes, and 3.3% used both. In SF, 16.7% were current smokers, 22.2% were current users of electronic cigarettes, and 5.6% used both. Regarding other behavioral characteristics, 53.1% in PR, 26.7% in Mexico, and 44.4% in SF reported current alcohol intake and 19.0% in PR, 6.7% in Mexico, and 33.3% in SF reported current marihuana use. In PR, Mexico, and SF, the prevalence of lifetime non-injected drug use was 52.9%, 30.0%, and 66.7%, respectively, while the prevalence of injected drug use was 10.4%, 0.0%, and 16.7%, respectively. In the multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for tobacco consumption, persons with history of injection drug use (OR=1.23; 95% CI 1.04-1.50), and non-injection drug use (OR=1.14; 95% CI 1.03-1.27) had higher odds to be current smokers than their counterparts. Meanwhile, people who report current marihuana use had higher odds of electronic cigarettes use (OR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.04-1.26) in comparison to their counterparts. No significant differences were observed by sex-at-birth, age, and site of recruitment. Conclusion: Our results showed a high prevalence of tobacco consumption among Hispanics living with HIV in PR, Mexico, and San Francisco. Higher odds of tobacco consumption were observed among people with a history of drug use. Similarly, higher odds of electronic cigarette use were observed among people who reported marijuana consumption. These results highlight the need for smoking cessation interventions among high-risk population, such as PLWH with a history of drug use. Acknowledgment: NIDCR Grant #R56DE032668-01, NCI Grant #U54CA242646. Citation Format: Sandra I. Garcia-Camacho, Jeslie M. Ramos-Cartagena, Josue Perez-Santiago, Frances E. Vazquez-Sanchez, Michael A. Santiago-Marrero, Jorge Salmeron, Joel Palefsky, Ana P. Ortiz. Factors associated to tobacco smoking and electronic cigarette use among a Hispanic sample of persons living with HIV in Puerto Rico, Mexico, and San Francisco [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A013.

A 96-position platform for magnetic sorbent-based dispersive microextraction: Application to the determination of tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol in saliva of cannabis smokers

BackgroundIn order to obtain sustainable analytical methods, it is essential to develop kinetically efficient sample preparation strategies in which equilibria are reached faster, as dispersive extraction techniques. In addition, the higher the reduction in size, the higher number of extraction vessels can be located and thus the higher number of samples can be simultaneously treated. All this increases sample throughput, and contributes to the reduction of chemical waste, and energy and sample consumption. In this sense, multiposition extraction platforms are smart strategies to achieve these goals, but they are scarcely developed for dispersive extraction techniques. ResultsTaking miniaturized stir bar sorptive dispersive microextraction (mSBSDME) as a starting point, a 96-position extraction platform has been developed using a 96-position stirring plate and a tailor-designed 3D-printed support for locating the miniaturized extraction vessels, achieving a high-throughput miniaturized sample preparation strategy. In order to show the applicability of this novel platform, the determination of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) in human saliva has been carried out and applied to samples collected after the consumption of marijuana and legal CBD-rich cannabis. Only 100 μL of saliva were needed for the analysis and good analytical features in terms of linearity (at least up to 500 ng mL−1), limits of detection (0.7 and 2.8 ng mL−1 for THC and CBD, respectively), and precision (RSD ≤ 14 %) were achieved. SignificanceThe miniaturization of the vessel allows the use of small volumes of sample (i.e., a few microliters) and the treatment of 96 samples in parallel, being the first proposal for carrying out dispersive sorbent-based microextraction under the concept of 96-well format. Additionally, this new workflow contributes to the development of analytical methods that meet the three pillars of sustainability, i.e., greenness and easily affordable in terms of economics and applicability.

Unveiling the potential of the capillary-driven microfluidic paper-based device integrated with smartphone-based for simultaneously colorimetric salivary ethanol and △9-tetrahydrocannabinol analysis

Monitoring various biomarkers in saliva samples emerges as a dynamic and non-invasive method. However, the high viscosity of saliva presents a distinct challenge when integrating paper-based platforms for on-site analysis. In addressing this challenge, we introduced the capillary-driven microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μCD-PAD) designed for user-friendly and simultaneous detection of ethanol and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in saliva without a sample preparation step. Employing a colorimetric approach, we quantified both analytes. Synthetic salivas of varying viscosity flowed seamlessly to the detection zone without needing a sample preparation step, and no impact on colorimetric detection due to viscosity was observed (RSD <5 %). Within 10 min after the solution reached the detection zone, the device produced a homogeneous color signal, easily analyzed by a smartphone camera. To extend the application for determination to cover a legal limit concentration of ethanol and concentration of salivary THC even 24 h after marijuana consumption, the detection time of 30 min was optimized. Moreover, a saliva sample containing both analytes was used to demonstrate the capability of the developed device to detect ethanol and THC simultaneously. No cross-talk between ethanol and THC occurred and showed recovery in the 98–102 % for ethanol and 95–105 % for THC with acceptable accuracy. This developed device exhibits excellent potential for forensic applications, providing a user-friendly, cost-effective, and real-time screening tool for detecting ethanol and THC in saliva.

Uses and Implications of Marijuana from the Perspective of Islamic Law

Objectives: The study aims to determine whether all uses of Marijuana are considered haram (prohibited) or if there are any exceptions. Methodology: It employed a qualitative methodology and rigorously examined relevant materials from a jurisprudential perspective, including textual and contextual aspects. Data for this study were sourced from various materials, including books, journal articles, reports, conference papers, and websites. Findings: The research highlights the differences between hemp and Cannabis sativa, both types of marijuana plants, distinguished by their varying levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Hemp contains less than 0.3% THC, while Marijuana can have THC levels up to 28%. Marijuana is primarily used for recreational purposes, whereas hemp has numerous industrial applications such as textiles, rope, paint, clothing, shoes, paper, bioplastics, insulation, lotions, and more. Ultimately, the ruling on marijuana use varies between forbidden (haram) and permissible (halal), depending on the intent behind its use. This is consistent with the Islamic legal principle that the determining factors influence the law. Originality: The study's findings will assist policymakers in effectively managing hemp, creating job opportunities, and significantly increasing tax revenue while implementing measures to prevent and control its use. The scientific value of this research lies in analyzing marijuana consumption from the perspective of the Sharia, which aligns with the higher objectives of Islamic law: preserving the mind and wealth.

Predictors of changes in marijuana consumption in Germany during the covid-19 pandemic.

During the Covid-19 pandemic Germany experienced its first increase in the proportion of heavy cannabis users since 1995. With the expected nationwide decriminalization of cannabis before 2025, we investigate the potential causes for that increase. Data were from the 2021 European Web Survey on Drugs (EWSD) including 762 12-month marijuana users from Germany (72.9% male, mean age = 29.5 years). Both heavy and regular cannabis consumers reported an increase in marijuana consumption during the pandemic, with infrequent users reporting a decrease. Using multinomial logistic regression, we found younger individuals (OR = 0.95 [95% CI = 0.92, 0.98]) and those not pursuing or completing higher education (OR = 1.86 [1.23, 2.81]) had increased use. Additionally, using cannabis to self-medicate (OR = 2.79 [1.56, 4.99]) and purchasing marijuana (OR = 2.26 [1.35, 3.77]) was associated with increased use. We found, relative to infrequent users, both regular (OR = 4.00 [2.39, 6.72]) and notably heavy users (OR = 31.17 [12.10, 80.32]) were more likely to use cannabis to self-medicate. Both regular (OR = 4.09 [2.47, 6.77]) and especially heavy users (OR = 13.53 [6.74, 27.16]) were also more likely to purchase marijuana. Heavy users were also more likely to be past 30-day tobacco users (OR = 5.92 [2.81, 12.45]). We identified the self-reported motivation of using cannabis to self-medicate as well as act of purchasing marijuana as having the strongest relation to being a heavy user and increasing marijuana use during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Navigating the Grey Zone: The Impact of Legislative Frameworks in North America and Europe on Adolescent Cannabis Use-A Systematic Review.

This paper aims to systematically review the impact of legislative framework changes in North America and Europe on adolescent cannabis use. It not only seeks to examine the prevalence of adolescent marijuana use following legislative changes but also to identify the driving forces behind fluctuations in use and to address the gaps left by previous studies. A systematic literature review was conducted in selected databases. After screening English-language publications dating from 2013 to 2023 (n = 453 studies), 24 met the inclusion criteria. Articles were considered if they analyzed the impact of legislative changes on adolescent cannabis use in countries across North America and Europe. The overall findings suggest an inconsistency regarding the prevalence of cannabis use among youth and adolescents following policy changes. The effects of modifications in cannabis policies on marijuana consumption are complex and influenced by various factors. These include the details of legislation, societal perspectives, enforcement methods, socioeconomic status, and cultural background. The results of this analysis reveal a nuanced reality. Although research suggests a rise in cannabis use after legalization, there are variations in the outcomes observed. This highlights the significance of considering context and demographics. Moreover, studies shed light on how specific policy changes, such as depenalization, can affect cannabis use.

Ideación suicida, uso de sustancias psicoactivas y sufrimiento mental entre la población sin hogar de un municipio brasileño

Objective: to characterize the presence of suicidal ideation, use of psychoactive substances and mental distress among homeless people. Methodology: a cross sectional study carried out with 127 participants. Data were collected through the application of a questionnaire containing sociodemographic data, economic information related to living and health conditions and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire; the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test; and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. Results: 37% of the sample reported suicidal ideation, with predominance of the female gender (52.6%), adults (from 30 to 39 years old) (36.3%), non-white skin color (35.2%), low schooling level (39.7%), without a partner (36.4%) and earning no income (36.7%). Problematic consumption of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana and cocaine was observed among the participants with suicidal ideation. More than half of the sample that presented suicidal ideation was experiencing mental distress. Conclusion: suicidal ideation was identified in a significant portion of the sample. Problematic use of psychoactive substances and mental distress were also prevalent in those with suicidal ideation.

Nursing students’ use of products and substances to reduce stress or improve cognition during exam periods

AimThe aim of the project was to evaluate the prevalence, motivation and effects of the use of substances to improve cognitive function by nursing students during examination. BackgroundExam periods are among the most stressful weeks of the academic year for nursing students. During these times, some students may use substances to support cognitive functions. Some of them are used despite their potential harmfulness, even by nursing students. DesignThis was a cross-sectional study. MethodsThe study was based on a voluntary, anonymous survey including 26 questions about use of various products belonging to food, dietary supplements, drugs, alcohol and tobacco. The study population was 221 students of nursing studying at Medical University of Warsaw. ResultsDuring the exam session, the most frequently used substance was strong tea. Dietary supplements are less popular. The surveyed students rarely use procognitive prescription drugs. However, consumption of alcohol, cigarettes or marijuana during the session was lower than outside of it declared by 61.5 %, 28.5 % and 6.3 % respectively (while outside of the exam session, 80.1 %, 29.0 % and 11.8 %, respectively). As for the purpose of using, most students mention improving concentration and memory, but most are not sure whether the products they use help them achieve their goals. Nearly two-thirds of students are aware of the harmfulness of stimulants and therefore do not use them and the products they do use are relatively safe for health. ConclusionsMost nursing students probably are aware of the harmfulness of listed products, especially belonging to prescription drugs, alcohol and stimulants and therefore do not use them. In turn, the products they use, such as chocolate or certain dietary supplements, are relatively safe for health, i.e. they do not cause dangerous addiction or side effects that may require seeking medical help. However, it is worrying that most of them regularly drink alcohol, many of them smoke tobacco and also use marijuana. The results do not indicate that a medical university and nursing vocational schools effectively promotes a healthy lifestyle for nursing students and changes in education in this area are necessary. A wide discussion on how to improve the health habits of future nurses should be taken.

Recreational marijuana: Ethical positions and consumption status in explaining attitudes, perceived law ethicalness, and perceived corporate social responsibility

AbstractDrawing from the Ethics Position theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior, this study was conducted with a comprehensive four‐part goal. It seeks to explore the moderating influences of the consumption status and ethical positions in elucidating (i) individuals' attitude toward recreational marijuana consumption, (ii) individuals' perceived ethical stance regarding recreational marijuana legalization, (iii) individuals' CSR perception of firms operating within the marijuana industry often deemed as morally contentious, and (iv) the interrelationships among the aforementioned variables. Based on a sample of 411 Canadians and two grouping variables, ANOVA tests and a structural Equation Modeling were used to test the research hypotheses. The results show that individuals' attitudes toward the consumption of marijuana, perceived ethicalness of legalizing it, and perceived CSR significantly vary across the three groups of consumption status (i.e., non‐consumer, occasional, and regular) and the four groups of ethical positions (i.e., absolutism, exceptionism, situationism, and subjectivism). The SEM results, however, show that, except for a few cases, there were no notable variations in the model's path coefficients among the identified groups. This study has intriguing implications for academicians, practitioners, politicians, managers, social welfare activists, and other stakeholders.

Marijuana Use in Aesthetic Surgery Patients: A Retrospective Review of 441 Cases

Abstract Goals/Purpose Marijuana use is increasing in Canada following its legalization in 2018. 27% of Canadians were reported to have consumed marijuana in 2022. Marijuana use in surgical patients is a topic that has had exponential growth in the literature recently. The drug has many therapeutic effects such as analgesia, muscle relaxation, sedation and mood improvement. However, it is also associated with deleterious cardiovascular, respiratory and coagulopathic effects that can significantly impact the care of surgical patients in the peri-operative period. Literature from other surgical specialities has shown similar recovery and ultimate surgical outcome between marijuana users and non-marijuana users despite increased pain and poorer quality of life associated with marijuana use. There is a paucity of information about the effects of marijuana on aesthetic plastic surgery outcomes. The prevalence of marijuana use in aesthetic plastic surgery patients is currently unknown and there is a need for more evidence to develop clinical practice guidelines regarding the use of marijuana in the perioperative period. The purpose of this study is to describe the effects of marijuana consumption on aesthetic plastic surgery outcomes. Methods/Technique A single-center retrospective review was completed including all patients who underwent abdominoplasty, mastopexy and/or other body contouring surgery (such as brachioplasty, thigh lift or lower body lift) between January 2021 and August 2023. Other procedures such as liposuction, fat grafting, implant insertion or removal were also reviewed if they took place during the same general anesthetic. Marijuana use was defined as use within 4 weeks pre- and/or post-operatively. Data collection included patient demographics, body mass index (BMI), marijuana use, smoking status, comorbidities, surgical procedure(s) performed, operative time, resection weight and/or liposuction volume (if applicable), complications and follow up. Results/Complications A total of 1000 procedures in 441 patients were reviewed during the 32-month study period. Average patient age was 43 years old and average patient BMI was 27.3 kg/m2. 20.4% of patients were marijuana users. The average number of procedures completed per patient was 2.3 and average operative time was 167 minutes (2 hours and 47 minutes). 79% of cases involved more than one surgical procedure. 63% of the 441 cases involved an abdominoplasty, 49% involved a mastopexy, 5% involved a brachioplasty and 4% involved a thigh lift procedure. 33% of cases included breast implants and 47% liposuction. Average follow up time was 5.2 months. Overall surgical complications consisted of a 5% superficial infection rate, 1% deep infection rate, 9% seroma rate, 1% hematoma and lymphocele rates, 3% rate of wound dehiscence requiring surgical intervention and 11% rate of superficial delayed wound healing. There were no cases of nipple necrosis or full thickness skin necrosis. A comparison of patient demographics between marijuana and non-marijuana user groups revealed that marijuana users were significantly younger than non-marijuana users (average age 39 and 44 years old respectively). Surgical data, outcomes and complications were not found to be significantly different between the 2 groups for all variables. Conclusion Marijuana consumption in the perioperative period does not appear to affect aesthetic surgery outcomes such as post-operative infections, seroma, lymphocele, wound dehiscence, or fat necrosis based on the results of this study. There is a need for prospective work on this topic to produce better quality evidence and ultimately to create evidence-based guidelines on the perioperative use of marijuana for aesthetic surgery patients.

From Prohibition to Permissibility: Analysing The Socioeconomic Dynamics of Marijuana Consumption Post-Legalization

This paper investigates the socioeconomic dynamics of marijuana consumption in the United States following legalization, using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) spanning 2014-2020. The analysis employs fixed-effect Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression to explore three key stages of legalization: regulation, medical, and recreational. Results reveal a significant increase in marijuana consumption associated with recreational legalization, while medical legalization shows no statistically significant impact. Positive relationships between consumption and median income, along with negative relationships with income inequality and unemployment rates among highly educated individuals, underscore the nuanced effects of legalization. The study contributes insights for policymakers, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions, awareness campaigns, and evidence-based regulations.

Mathematical model with sensitivity analysis and control strategies for marijuana consumption

The current study focuses on reducing the use of marijuana in the population. Marijuana seems to represent a serious threat to public health in developing countries since it is an illegal narcotic with various harmful health effects. The novelty of this manuscript is to modify the non-user, experimental users, recreational users, and addict's (NERA) model for marijuana consumption by incorporating a new class of addicted users under treatment, called the hospitalized class. This real-world issue is expressed in mathematical terms using first-order non-liner ordinary differential equations, and as a result, a mathematical model for marijuana consumption is established. The general population is divided into two main groups: marijuana users and non-users. Subsequently, four subgroups of abusers are created, each reflecting a different stage or degree of substance misuse. The invariant region and basic reproduction number R0 are those parts that are used for the validation of the proposed modified model and to find out the initial transmission rate of marijuana smoking in the general population, respectively. The essential factors influencing cannabis growth were identified based on the results of sensitivity analysis. Additionally, strategies were constructed in the form of prevention objectives to prevent individuals from experiencing increasing effects of marijuana. The effectiveness of these control strategies was subsequently confirmed through numerical simulations, and the numerical simulations were carried out with the help of MATLAB using the RK-4 method.

Drugs during pregnancy in low-risk prenatal care and associated factors

Objective: To identify the prevalence of the use of legal and illicit drugs by pregnant women who received prenatal care in Primary Health Care and factors associated with their usage. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out using a structured script, composed of gestational sociodemographic variables and drug use by pregnant women and their families, applied to 270 women undergoing low-risk prenatal care at 15 Basic Health Units, in two municipalities in a metropolitan region of Southern Brazil, where there are negative socioeconomic and demographic differences in relation to the hub city. Data collection took place from December 2019 to February 2020. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test, with associations with a value of p&lt;0.05 being considered significant. Results: Young people aged 25 to 35 accounted for 77% of the sample; brown/black were 60.4%; multigravidae accounted for 41.8% (with more than three children). 86.6% had a steady marital partner. The prevalence of current drug use was 46.2%. There was a statistically significant association between alcohol consumption and having had pregnancy complications (odds ratio of 2.5; confidence interval of 1.17-5.22); between marijuana consumption and the age of 15 to 19 years (odds ratio of 2.7; confidence interval of 1.01-7.03); between tobacco consumption and drug use by the husband (odds ratio of 4.1; confidence interval of 1.75-9.55) and between tobacco use and single-parent family classification (odds ratio of 6.6 ; confidence interval 1.55 - 28.43). Conclusion: The prevalence between current usage and lifetime use was high. The multipregnancies in women were undergoing low-risk prenatal care. Drug use, age, drug use by the husband and single-parent family classification were associated with gestational complications.

Sensitivity Analysis-Based Validation of the Modified NERA Model for Improved Performance

Marijuana is an illicit narcotic with multiple negative health effects as it continues to pose a severe danger to the health of people in emerging regions. Marijuana is spread through interactions between users and non-users. This study utilizes first-order non-linear ordinary differential equations to modify the Non-user, Experimental, Recreational, and Addicted (NERA) users’ model by adding a new class known as the hospitalized class of marijuana smokers. Moreover, this paper focuses on validating the NERA model using the sensitivity analysis concept. The NERA model presented in a previous study for marijuana usage among the target population consists of four distinct stages: the first stage is known as the non-user stage and is represented by the letter N; the second stage is known as the experimental stage of marijuana smoking and is represented by the letter E; the third stage is known as the recreational stage of marijuana smoking and is represented by the letter R; the fourth stage is represented by the letter A; and this last stage is known as the addicted stage of marijuana smoking. The suggested mathematical method achieved the reproduction number () for marijuana use. The results of the sensitivity tests indicate how crucial a variety of variables are to the spread of marijuana. The parameters that have a key impact on marijuana consumption were discovered based on sensitivity analysis. All these procedures, including the reproductive number and invariant region, using the sensitivity analysis concept were utilized to validate the updated model. In this study, the NERA model is modified by utilizing first-order non-linear ordinary differential equations. Furthermore, as demonstrated by the graphical and technique sections, the proposed modified models were successfully validated for improved performance.

Consumo de marihuana y violencia filioparental en adolescentes

Introduction: marijuana use has repercussions among members of the family nucleus; it is related to child-to-parent violence due to the neurological and behavioral effects that it originates in the adolescent, which can trigger violent behavior of sons and daughters towards the father and mother. Objective: to analyze the relationship between marijuana consumption and child-to-parent violence in high school adolescents. Method: correlational study in 318 high school adolescents of both sexes, between 14 and 19 years old. The instruments used were a Sociodemographic File and the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2), programmed on the Microsoft Forms platform. Results: there is a positive relationship between marijuana use and verbal and economic violence towards both parents (p () .05). The Multiple Linear Regression Model, it was significant (p () .05) on the verbal and economic violence towards both parents. Discussion and conclusions: marijuana consumption in adolescence is a risk to the health of adolescents and family parents. It is proposed to design early care strategies in the family core, with emphasis on the prevention of marijuana use or misuse and the different types of child-to-parent violence.

Association between marijuana use and kidney stone: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2009 to 2018.

Objective: The purpose of this investigation is to determine whether regular marijuana use is related to history of kidney stones in the US population. Methods: Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2018. Kidney stone and marijuana use data were collected from self-report questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression and multiple sensitivity analyses were applied to examine the relationship between marijuana usage and kidney stones. Results: There are approximately 26.04% of the US population have admitted to using marijuana in their lifetime. Compared with none regular users, those with a higher frequency of marijuana use were more males, more non-Hispanic races, lower than high school education, overweight, no recreational activity, without diabetes mellitus, and more coronary heart disease. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that marijuana use was inversely correlated to kidney stones in males (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.72, 95% Confidence interval [CI] = 0.54-0.97). One to seven times/week regular consumption of marijuana was associated with kidney stones in males (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.43-0.89). Sensitivity analyses validated the robustness of our outcomes. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that regular marijuana male users were inversely associated with kidney stones. Marijuana use one to six times/week was inversely related to the risk of kidney stones in males. Further studies are required to explore the dose and type associations of marijuana with kidney stones.

Sintomas Depressivos e Uso de Álcool e Maconha em Adolescentes

Abstract Risk behaviors are common in adolescence and demonstrates an association with depressive symptoms. Considering the psychological health implications of this phase in adult life, the aim of this study was to verify associations between depressive symptoms and consumption of alcohol and marijuana, self-injurious behavior, health self-perception, life satisfaction, anxiety symptoms and suicidal ideation in adolescents. A total of 298 adolescents, aged 12 to 14 years (61.1% girls), participated in the study. The measures were the translated Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire (HBSC - BR) and the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). The chi-square test, student’s t test and binomial logistic regression (p&lt;0.05) were used. Depressive symptoms were associated with anxiety symptoms and self-injury. Higher risk for alcohol use and consumption, self-injury, negative health self-perception, anxiety and depression related to females. The findings of this population suggest worrying health outcomes, especially for girl.

Should Marijuana Be Legalized: A Scoping Review of Associations of Marijuana and Depression.

People with addiction to marijuana and those who have ever consumed marijuana at any time during their life suffer from depression at some point in their life. Depression has been associated with substance use as both a trigger and repercussion. A total of 3663 articles were analyzed, and 26 articles were collectively selected for this study. Consuming marijuana was linked to the development of depression in the majority of individuals. Marijuana consumption and its repercussions have both been connected to negative effects on the body, such as respiratory disorders and even psychological disorders, including stress and depressive disorders. Studies potentially point to a complicated causal relationship between marijuana consumption and depressive disorder, stating that early depressive symptoms enable marijuana usage, which then reduces depression. A research article clearly states that consuming marijuana can be helpful in elevating mood and anxiolytic initially, but it is subsequently followed by a rise in depressive symptoms, which manifest as mental distress and frustration. Discussions with patients about the extent of their marijuana consumption, techniques for reducing the use, and the impact of marijuana on depression may be beneficial in medical facilities where depressive disorder is treated. This research paper highlights the importance of understanding depression and the use of marijuana for temporary relief from depressive symptoms and its long-term consequences on mental health.