Part Of Margin Research Articles

Fresh Hemorrhages in Intestinal Resection Margins Are Associated with Unfavorable Clinical Outcomes in Preterm Infants with Necrotizing Enterocolitis with Surgical Intervention.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common disease in premature infants. If conservative treatment does not respond, surgical removal of the necrotic section of bowel is common practice. This study investigates whether there is a correlation between the histopathological findings and the postoperative clinical course of the children who have undergone surgery. To date, only a few detailed studies on a possible correlation have been published. The surgical specimens of 49 infants diagnosed with NEC in the years 2010-2019 were re-evaluated. The histologic specimens were examined for tissue viability and hemorrhage of the resection margins, peritonitis or perforation of the central resection segment. The groups were divided according to the clinical outcome: death, postoperative complications and patients without complications. 5 of 49 (10.2%) children died, 22 children (44.9%) required reoperation, while 22 (44.9%) had no complications. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed a significant association between fresh hemorrhage in the resection margins and postoperative outcome. In our data, correlation between the vitality of the resection margins or the extent of necrosis and the postoperative course was not seen. This retrospective study shows a significant correlation between a fresh hematoma in the tissue of the resection margin and the clinical prognosis. Fresh bleeding in the resection margins was associated with increased morbidity with stenosis and possibly another surgical intervention. In contrast, no further correlation was found between the vitality of the tunica mucosae, the tunica muscularis or peritonitis in the resection margin or central part of the NEC specimen and the clinical course. In summary, it can be said that the presence of a fresh hematoma at the resection margin is significantly linked to a poorer clinical outcome for the infants with NEC surgery. Other histopathological findings of the surgical specimen with regard to the clinical course show now significant correlation and, therefore, the histological examination mainly serves the medico-legal documentation and quality assurance of the NEC operation.

The sedimentology and multi-stage evolution of a Pleistocene esker on soft substratum, a case from North Central Poland

Eskers are one of the meltwater landforms that enable the reconstruction of the nature of subglacial drainage systems. Therefore, they play a significant role in the study of palaeo ice sheets. While the spatial distribution of subglacial tunnels and their geometry resulting from the geomorphological features of eskers are relatively well known, the course and time of sedimentation processes taking place inside the subglacial conduits are understood only to a certain extent, especially in the case of eskers developed on soft substrata. The paper presents an example of an esker that developed on a soft substratum from Central-North Poland, which was formed in several stages. In the initial stage, meltwater drainage took place through a channel that dissected the substratum (N-channel). Its development was associated with intense flow under pressure, but the sediments filling the channel were already deposited under atmospheric pressure when the flow used only part of the available space of the conduit. The high frequency of large-scale, cross-stratified lithofacies indicates significant flow depth and sediment deposition under a lower flow regime. The succession filling the channel resembles the sediments of a low-sinuosity open river systems with varied channel morphology, however, it also contains deposits like the point bar succession. Later, the R-channel developed, dominated by deposition from supercritical flows, probably of a much smaller depth. The sediments were deposited from a traction carpet or a highly turbulent suspension. The massive structure of many lithofacies indicates that flow overload was common. The transformation of the system from N-channel to R-channel was probably related to the decrease in the slope of the ice sheet surface during ablation, which resulted in a reduction of the potential hydraulic pressure gradient. The final stage of esker sedimentation was associated with deposition in an open channel, which indicates the passive nature of the marginal part of the ice sheet.

Changes in economic deprivation and parental self-efficacy: Unemployment, poverty, and the mediating effect of psychological distress

Objective: The article investigates the influence of three aspects of economic deprivation on parental self-efficacy, and whether, or to what extent, these effects are mediated by psychological distress. Background: Scholarship shows that psychological resources such as parental self-efficacy can attenuate the negative repercussions of poverty for families. The article builds on the family stress model that higlights the role of economic deprivation for family functioning by Conger and colleagues. It focuses on the consequences of transitioning into unemployment, objective poverty, and subjective poverty for parental self-efficacy, and the potential mediating effect of psychological distress. Method: Using data from the German Family Panel (pairfam) Waves 4 to 12 (2011–2020), Baron and Kenny mediation analyses are conducted based on fixed effects regressions with standard errors based on clustered bootstrap procedure. Results: The results show that transitioning into subjective poverty significantly decreases parental self-efficacy, and that only a marginal part of this effect is mediated by psychological distress. A transition into objective poverty, by contrast, has no effect on parental self-efficacy. Likewise, unemployment has no direct effect on parental self-efficacy. However, transitioning into short-term unemployment reduces psychological distress and thereby buffers parent’s self-efficacy. This does by contrast not apply for long-term unemployment. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the importance of differentiating between specific aspects of economic deprivation when investigating its consequences for parental self-efficacy and considering psychological distress as a potential mediator. Moreover, the findings provide longitudinal evidence for the consequences of a transition into economic deprivation for parental self-efficacy and point to the presence of gender effects with regard to unemployment.

Continental-scale sediment mixing and dispersal across northern Gondwana: detrital zircon U-Pb-O-Hf isotopic evidence from the Cambro-Ordovician sandstones overlying the Arabian Shield

ABSTRACT The juvenile Neoproterozoic basement of the Arabian Shield is overlain with angular unconformity by a voluminous Cambro-Ordovician cover sequence known as the Saq Formation and Wajid Group. Provenance studies of this vast siliciclastic cover over the Saudi Arabian part of the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) have to date been based solely on U-Pb zircon data and heavy minerals. We present the first combined in-situ U-Pb, δ18O and Lu-Hf isotopic data for detrital zircon from the Saq and Wajid units exposed along the northeastern margin and southern part of the Arabian Shield. U-Pb age spectra reveal prominent age peaks at ca. 0.8–0.55 Ga and 1.1–0.9 Ga with subordinate peaks at ca. 2.2–1.7 Ga and 2.7–2.5 Ga. The δ18O secular variation mirrors global compilations with Archaean zircon defining a restricted δ18O range of ca. 4.0–8.0 ‰ and younger zircon showing wide variation in δ18O up to ca. 14 ‰. The ca. 0.8–0.55 Ga age peak has the largest variation in εHf(t) with about half of all these Neoproterozoic zircon grains being juvenile (εHf(t) > 5), which are interpreted to be sourced from the juvenile terranes of the ANS. Neoproterozoic zircon with evolved εHf(t) signatures require a more distal source beyond the ANS. As extensive ca. 1.1–0.9 Ga crust is lacking in the vicinity of the ANS, the ca. 1.1–0.9 Ga age peak is interpreted to be derived from either contemporaneous orogenic belts in Central Africa or recycled from older sedimentary rocks containing these age components. Extreme variations in δ18O of post–Archaean zircon, together with the evolved εHf(t), indicate crustal thickening and increased incorporation of supracrustal material associated with collisional orogenesis. The remarkable similarities in age spectra and isotopic compositions of the Saq Formation and Wajid Group sandstones with those from other regions in northern Gondwana indicate a continental–scale homogenization and dispersion process.

Classostrobus doylei, a new cheirolepidiaceous cone with in situ pollen from the Figueira da Foz Formation (lower Aptian – upper Albian), western Portugal

The genus Classostrobus was established to accommodate unattached Classopollis-containing cones. It is noteworthy that Classopollis as a whole shows significant variation in morphological structure, and male cones bearing Classopollis pollen grains are rarer than vegetative organs of cheirolepidiaceous conifers. A new cheirolepidiaceous microsporangiate cone, Classostrobus doylei, containing Classopollis triangulus pollen grains is described for the first time based on a single specimen from sedimentary rocks exposed in the Carregueira open-cast clay pit complex close to the small village of Juncal, in the Estremadura region(Lusitanian Basin, western Portugal). The plant-bearing horizon from Carregueira is included in the basal part of the Famalicão Member of the Figueira da Foz Formation, considered to be of late Aptian – early Albian age. The new microsporangiate cone is small, about 2.0 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, ovoid in shape and of typically coniferous structure, probably belonging to Pseudofrenelopsis zlatkoi. The male cone consists of about 16 peltate, imbricated microsporophylls of deltoid shape. Each sporophyll is composed of a stalk and deltoid head showing abaxially 4–5 ovoid pollen sacs. The marginal parts of the sporophylls display long and unicellular trichomes. The observed in situ pollen grains are triangular to subcircular in outline, 16–28 μm in diameter, with an equatorial girdle, subequatorial rimula, proximal trilete scar and a distal cryptopore. The pollen ultrastructure is typical for Classopollis, except for the destroyed condition of the exine. The in situ pollen grains under study are consistent with the data on known dispersed Classopollis triangulus.

Late devonian calc-alkaline high-k fractionated “Ferroan” I-type leucogranites (Rudny Altai)

The paper presents the geological, geochemical and isotope-geochronological studies of the Rudny Altai granitoids in the west of Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) – the front part of the Altai convergent margin of the Siberian continent. Isotopic U–Pb dating of zircons showed an age range from 367 to 363 Ma. Geochemical characteristics indicate the relevance of leucogranites to calc-alkaline high-K series (SiO2 73 wt.%, Na2O+K2O = 6.9–9 wt.%, Na2O/K2O = 0.7–1.2), with calc-alkaline and alkaline-calcic affinities (MALI = 6.32–8.41). They bear meta- to weakly-peraluminous values (A/CNK = 0.9–1.2), high Fe* index (0.84–0.97) and high fluorine (0.04–0.17 wt.%) content. Variations of HFSEs, LILEs contents, Ga/Al ratios and strong negative A/CNK-P2O5 correlation indicate their affinity with fractionated I-type granitoids. Rare metal (beryllium) mineralization is spatially and genetically related to leucogranites. It is assumed that the formation of granitoids was associated with shearing setting at the convergent margin of the Siberian continent, as a result of oblique subduction of the Irtysh-Zaisan ocean plate.

GINGIVAL MARGIN, CORRECTION IN ORTHOPEDIC DENTISTRY

A big problem for obtaining aesthetic and functional results of dental treatment is the condition of the gingival papillae. The effectiveness of orthopedic interventions without high-quality correction of the marginal edge of the gums can lead to an unsatisfactory result and the occurrence of numerous complications Materials and methods. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Medline databases for the period 2000-2024, for which the following keywords were used: correction of soft gingival tissues, fixed dentures, effectiveness, front group of teeth. A general search revealed 112 sources regarding gingival margin correction in fixed dentures. The primary exclusion referred to literary sources in which the correction of the gingival margin applied to all types of prosthetics. Literary sources that contained only reference information were included in the secondary exclusion. As a result, only relevant full-text articles in professional journals remained (n=25). The purpose of the research is to analyze the methods of gingival margin correction in orthopedic dentistry at the current stage, to formulate relevant tasks for further research. Research results. Methods of restoration of the aesthetics of the marginal part of the gums during orthopedic treatment are divided into the following groups: plastic of soft and bone tissues; laboratory and technical procedures; use of materials for artificial gums. It has been established that the plastic-surgical method is used for the loss of the gingival papilla, defects of the ridge of the alveolar process, asymmetric contour of the gums, and their unaesthetic shape. Correction of the gums allows to achieve satisfactory aesthetic results both at the final stage of orthopedic treatment (prosthetics with fixed orthopedic prostheses) and at the intermediate stage of temporary prosthetics with plastic fixed prostheses. It was found that the most common methods of gingival margin correction are flap operations on the gums using the technique of lateral movement of the muco-osseous flap. These include the following types of interventions: endothelial modification from the tooth-alveolar ridge; oblique displaced flap; periosteally stimulated flap; partial or complete split flap. The positive effect of hyaluronic acid on the healing of the gingival margin and tissue regeneration has been proven. Several researches have shown the positive effects of hyaluronic acid on gingival margin healing and tissue regeneration due to its properties to stimulate cell adhesion, migration and proliferation, mediate cell signaling. The authors indicate a better effectiveness of hyaluronic acid in relation to periodontal parameters during the correction of the marginal gingival margin. The use of a laser scalpel is characterized by less pronounced traumatization of tissues, lower temporary costs for intervention, reduced blood loss, less pronounced signs of inflammation in the postoperative period, relative simplicity and cost-effectiveness of use. Conclusions. To date, only a combination of various orthopedic and surgical manipulations allows to achieve an optimal aesthetic result during prosthetics with fixed dentures of the front group of teeth.

The peritumoral brain zone in glioblastoma: a review of the pretreatment approach.

Glioblastomas are the most common and aggressive form of malignant primary brain tumors in adults. The standard treatment is surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite optimal treatment methods, the prognosis for patients remains poor. Preoperative determination of glioblastoma margins remains beneficial for the complete removal of the tumor mass. Radiotherapy is essential for post-surgery treatment, but radioresistance is a significant challenge contributing to high mortality rates. Advanced imaging technologies are used to analyze the changes in the peritumoral brain zone (PTZ). Consequently, they may lead to the development of novel therapeutic options, especially targeting the marginal parts of a tumor, which could improve the prognosis of glioblastoma patients. The clinical presentation of glioblastoma is heterogeneous and mostly depends on the location and size of a tumor. Glioblastomas are characterized by both intratumoral cellular heterogeneity and an extensive, diffuse infiltration into the normal tissue bordering a tumor called the PTZ. Neuroimaging techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS), and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) are useful methods in the evaluation of the tumor infiltration and thus the resection margin.

Sediment bypass in a marl-dominated margin of a turbidite system in a narrow basin setting

Submarine sediment density flows play a pivotal role in transporting clastic material to the deep sea. The volume of sediment they transport, which bypasses a specific point or geographical location, shapes the stratigraphic record of the entire turbidite systems. Hence, recognition of bypass-dominated zones is crucial in facies prediction and understanding the architecture of turbidite systems. This understanding is linked to the economic aspects of exploring hydrocarbon deposits, the occurrence of geohazards that impact submarine infrastructure, the distribution of pollutants, and carbon sequestration.In the western part of the Ropianka Fm (Skole Nappe, Polish Outer Carpathians), three bed types showing evidence of sediment bypass were identified in the channel-mouth setting of marl-dominated slope and base-of-slope successions. The varying proportions of these bed types in studied successions and relationship with adjacent facies associations led to the identification of two channel-mouth zones. This study provides insights into deposits with characteristics differing from the previously described channel-mouth setting, evidenced by a significantly lower sand-to-mud ratio and smaller scale of erosional and depositional structures. The reported channel-mouth zones are interpreted as the marginal parts of a channel mouth, formed by subcritical flows. This study broadens the understanding of the channel-mouth setting by introducing dynamic and mud-dominated zones that experience sediment bypass and weak erosion. The identified bed types and typical characteristics of Marginal channel-mouth zones 1 and 2 can serve as a reference for interpreting marginal areas of channel-mouth settings in mud-dominated successions with scattered thin-bedded and coarse-grained deposits in other deep-water basins.

Osteology and relationships of the Late Triassic giant dicynodont Lisowicia

Abstract Unexpectedly abundant remains of herbivorous therapsids in the Late Triassic strata of southern Poland have significantly supplemented knowledge of their evolution. The skeletal morphology of the Late Norian (or Rhaetian) dicynodont Lisowicia bojani supports its close relationship to the Carnian Woznikella, both known from the Polish part of the Germanic Basin. Three evolutionary lineages of dicynodonts—Laurasian–Gondwanan Rhadiodromus klimovi → Jachaleria candelariensis lineage, Laurasian lineage Shaanbeikannemeyeria xilougouensis → Lisowicia bojani, and the Gondwanan lineage Kannemeyeria simocephalus → Dinodontosaurus brevirostris—are distinguished based on characters of cranial and postcranial elements. In the lineages characterized by the parietal oval in cross-section and the two distinct articulations on the sternum, there is a tendency to exclude the frontal from the orbital margin and to reduce the number of sacral vertebrae. In the lineage with the parietal narrow and triangular in cross-section, the frontal forms part of the orbit margin, there is a single joint on the sternum, and there is a tendency towards flattening the skull roof. In both lineages the shoulder girdle is convergently modified, the acromion process decreased, and joints on the sternum moved posteriorly.

Estimation of Crustal Tilting from Petrotectonic Interpretation of Mesozone Granitoid and its Marginal Parts, Eastern Dharwar Craton, India

Estimation of Crustal Tilting from Petrotectonic Interpretation of Mesozone Granitoid and its Marginal Parts, Eastern Dharwar Craton, India

Hydrovoltaic Effects from Mechanical-Electric Coupling at the Water-Solid Interface.

The natural water cycle on the Earth carries an enormous amount of energy as thirty-five percent of solar energy reaching the Earth's surface goes into water. However, only a very marginal part of the contained energy, mostly kinetic energy of large volume bulk water, is harvested by hydroelectric power plants. Natural processes in the water cycle, such as rainfall, water evaporation, and moisture adsorption, are widespread but have remained underexploited in the past due to the lack of appropriate technologies. In the past decade, the emergence of hydrovoltaic technology has provided ever-increasing opportunities to extend the technical capability for energy harvesting from the water cycle. Featuring electricity generation from mechanical-electric coupling at the water-solid interface, hydrovoltaic technology embraces almost all dynamic processes associated with water, including raining, waving, flowing, evaporating, and moisture adsorbing. This versatility in dealing with various forms of water and associated energy renders hydrovoltaic technology a solution for fossil fuel-caused environmental problems. Here, we review the current progress of hydrovoltaic energy harvesting from water motion, evaporation, and ambient moisture. Device configuration, energy conversion mechanism mediated by mechanical-electric coupling at various water-solid interfaces, as well as materials selection and functionalization are discussed. Useful strategies guided by established mechanisms for device optimization are then covered. Finally, we provide an outlook on this emerging field and outline the challenges of improving output performance toward potential practical applications.

Barium-bearing micas of the muscovite-ganterite series from alkaline rocks of the Sredneziminsky ijolite-syenite-carbonaite massif (Eastern Siberia, Russia)

Barium-bearing micas (BaO content from 1.2 to 18.7 wt %) were found in hydrothermally altered ijolites and alkaline syenite of the Sredneziminsky ijolite-syenite-carbonatite massif (Eastern Siberia, Russia). It occurs in the products of low-temperature replacement of cancrinite, in association with natrolite, analcime, calcite, diaspore/boehmite, celsian, and strontianite. Ba-bearing micas are represented by grains up to 1 mm, heterogeneous in chemical composition. The amount of Ba increases in the marginal parts of grains; enrichment of some layers in mica grains with barium is also observed. The main isomorphic substitution in muscovite corresponds to the scheme K++Si4+↔Ba2++IVAl3+. The empirical formula of barium-richest areas in one of the mica grains is (Ba0.54–0.56Sr0–0.09K0.46)∑1.02–1.06Al1.98–2.01(Si2.37–2.40All.60–1.63)∑4.00 O10(OH1.70–2.00F0–0.30)∑2.00, which corresponds to ganterite. The maximum content of BaO in the majority of muscovite grains of the Sredneziminsky massif is 14.0–14.9 wt % that is equal to 0.41‒0.44 apfu Ba. It is assumed that the source of barium in the hydrothermal solution was orthoclase containing 0.5–0.9 wt % BaO which underwent albitization at the post-magmatic stage. The widespread occurrence of sulfides in the rocks indicates low oxygen fugacity, which prevents the formation of barite and is favorable to the formation of Ba-bearing muscovite and celsian.

Weichselian–Holocene glacial history of the Sjuøyane archipelago, northern Svalbard

The Sjuøyane archipelago is the northernmost land area of Svalbard; thus, it provides a window to study the terrestrial glacial history and dynamics of the Svalbard–Barents Sea Ice Sheet and complement marine geological studies in the region. To reconstruct the glacial history of Sjuøyane, we describe coastal sedimentary sections in Quaternary sediments and constrain their chronology by radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence ages. Erratic boulders and bedrock are sampled for 10Be cosmogenic exposure dating, aiming to determine the deglaciation age and exposure history. Holocene environments are studied based on lake sediments and emerging vegetation from retreating snow patches. The sedimentary sections largely consist of shallow (glacio‐)marine and/or littoral sediments deposited during high relative sea levels. The radiocarbon and luminescence ages suggest they formed during a Middle Weichselian interstadial and after the Late Weichselian glaciation. A wave‐washed bedrock erosional notch and rounded boulders at 36±1 m a.h.t. most likely formed during this interstadial. Most of the cosmogenic 10Be ages are older than the last deglaciation, likely indicating a complex exposure history. One boulder sample suggests that the lowlands were deglaciated 14.7±1.82 ka ago, and two boulder samples with ages of 18.94±3.26 and 22.89±4.05 ka suggest that the highlands were possibly ice‐free at this time. The lake sediments from Isvatnet, Phippsøya, consist of glaciolacustrine silt and clay overlain by gyttja. The gyttja has accumulated at least since 7.0 cal. ka BP. Two radiocarbon ages from emerging vegetation suggest Neoglacial cooling since 3.8 cal. ka BP. A patchy glacial drift at the surface of Sjuøyane and well‐preserved pre‐Late Weichselian sediments suggest that the Late Weichselian glaciation was non‐erosive and/or cold‐based at this part of the north margin of the Svalbard–Barents Sea Ice Sheet.

Age and Petrogenesis of Paleoproterozoic Diorites from Dikes of the Baikal Uplift of the Siberian Craton

Abstract —We carried out a detailed geological, geochronological, geochemical, and isotope study of diorites from a dike located in the central part of the Baikal uplift of the Siberian craton. The geochemical and isotope data obtained for diorites of the studied intrusion were compared with coeval mafic and intermediate igneous rocks of the southern part of the Siberian craton. The U–Pb (ID-TIMS) baddeleyite age of 1862 ± 7 Ma has been estimated for diorite from a dike located in the area of the Onguren Village. The obtained data are the first reliable age determination for the Paleoproterozoic mafic and intermediate igneous rocks of the Baikal uplift, which are part of the South Siberian postcollisional magmatic belt. The dike is of NE strike. The dike rocks correspond in chemical composition to diorites and are highly differentiated varieties (mg# = 36.5–37.4). There are no significant variations in the composition of diorites in the marginal and central parts of the dike. The rocks are characterized by low contents of TiO2, P2O5, and Nb, high contents of Th, Zr, Ba, and LREE, and low negative values of εNd(T) (–5.9 to –6.2). We assume that the diorites formed from the enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle. The obtained geochemical and isotope data show similar negative values of εNd(T) from –4.3 to –11.6 for most of Paleoproterozoic mafic and intermediate igneous rocks of the South Siberian postcollisional magmatic belt within the Aldan Shield, the Baikal uplift, and the Irkut block of the Sharyzhalgai uplift. These rocks correspond in geochemical features to rocks resulted from the melting of subduction-modified lithospheric mantle sources in the postcollisional extension setting at the final Paleoproterozoic stage of formation of the Siberian craton.

Morphological ontogeny of Conoppia palmicincta (Acari, Oribatida, Cepheusidae).

The morphological ontogeny of Conoppia palmicincta (Michael, 1880) is described and illustrated. The adult of this species is poorly known, but the tritonymph is relatively well known as one of the most beautiful oribatid mites. The juveniles of this species are light brown, roundish and flattened. Most prodorsal setae of the juveniles are setiform (short ro, le and ex; long bs), except for phylliform and reticulate in. The larva has 11 pairs of gastronotal setae, including h2, the nymphs have 12 pairs (h3 and p-series are added, and d-series is lost). Most gastronotal setae of juveniles are wide, phylliform, reticulate and occupy the marginal parts of gastronotum, except for five setiform setae in the larva (very long c3 and h1, medium sized h2 and short da and dm), and four setiform setae in the nymphs (very long c3 and h2, long p2 and shorter p3). The nymphs are eupheredermous, i.e. they lose their dorsal seta of d-series and carry the exuvial scalps of previous instars on the gastronotum. Most leg setae of juveniles are setiform, except for three wide, phylliform setae on leg I of larva (l on genu and l' on tibia), from which l'' on genu is reticulate, while l' on genu and tibia has longitudinal lines. Relatively long are seta l'' on tibia I of larva, and l'' on tibia I and II of the nymphs. Seta d accompanies solenidion σ on genua I-III and φ on tibiae II-IV.

Features of the composition and formation of diamond placers in the marginal parts of ancient cratons (on the example of the North-East of the Siberian platform)

Features of the composition and formation of diamond placers in the marginal parts of ancient cratons (on the example of the North-East of the Siberian platform)

MNCD-KE: a novel framework for simultaneous attribute- and interaction-based geographical regionalization

Existing regionalization methods tend to be either spatial attribute- or spatial interaction-based, while real-world tasks usually involve both considerations to satisfy multiple objectives simultaneously. In this research, we propose Multilayer Network Community Detection and Kernel Extension (MNCD-KE), a two-step regionalization framework, as a feasible solution for such tasks. First, spatial attributes are embedded into attributes of nodes in a spatial interaction-defined multilayer network, and the kernel and marginal parts of the regions are determined by giving the membership value of the regionalization units to network communities. Second, the final result is obtained through a kernel extension process considering geographical constraints, including spatial contiguity, size balance, morphological regularity, and existing boundary consistency of the regions. Empirical experiments show that the proposed method yields outcomes that, in maintaining comparable performances with most baseline algorithms with either ‘attribute’ or ‘interaction’ objectives as measured by the respective criteria, simultaneously meet the dual objectives with results intuitively comprehensible. Its low computing costs and parameter adjustment flexibility make the proposed framework a convenient approach for real-world multi-objective regionalization tasks. We conclude the research with discussions on the boundary conditions for the framework to work and their relevance to city science theories, along with practical implications.

High-resolution geophysical data unravel the post-Variscan structural history of the NW Cotentin inner shelf (Central English Channel)

The Cotentin Peninsula (CP) is one of the only area in Europe which contains records of a > 2.5 Ga-lasted geological history including three orogenic events (Archaean, Cadomian and Variscan) followed by a polyphase basin/inversion evolution during Meso-Cenozoic times. The CP area sensu lato is thus a suitable place for discussing how the structural configuration of the basement might have influenced the development of part of the southern shelf margin of the Central English Channel, even if sediments and post-Variscan tectonic records are limited at this place. This issue is addressed through an onshore/offshore structural approach combining newly-acquired high resolution bathymetric data and reflection seismic profiles, further constrained by lateral correlations onshore. The resulting Land-Sea Digital Elevation Model and corresponding geological map reveal a number of fault-bounded blocks involving a relatively thin package of Jurassic to Plio-Quaternary sequences, locally involved in slightly compressional deformations. These specific sedimentary and tectonic features typically characterize the southern shelf margin of the Central English Channel. They are discussed in terms of basin development and inversion processes in relation with basement structures and then integrated in the English Channel basin framework. Special attention is paid to three major structural features, i.e. the La Hague Offshore Fault, the La Hague Deep Fault network and the La Hague Deep, which emphasize, respectively, the role of structural inheritance and erosion/incision/deposition events during the post-Variscan tectono-sedimentary history of the southern elevated shoulder of the Central English Channel.

2‐D Geodynamic Modeling of the Central South Atlantic Wide Rifted Margins, Implications for Evaporite Deposition

AbstractThe thick late syn‐ to early post‐rift shallow water evaporites in the most distal part of wide rifted margins is paradoxical with the deep depression at crustal breakup time predicted by isostatically compensated lithospheric thinning. Elevation of the distal margin and water depth during deposition of the late syn‐rift evaporites in the central South Atlantic are not well constrained and remain to be quantified. We use forward 2‐D thermo‐mechanical modeling coupled with melt prediction and surface processes to assess the contribution of lithospheric and mantle processes on the distal margin topography and subsidence history during continental rifting. Models show that (a) counter‐flow of depleted lower lithospheric mantle during rifting explains the magma‐poor nature of these margins and (b) weak crust and syn‐rift sediment control the wide crustal necking and subsidence history of the distal margin. Integration of our modeling results with quantified geophysical and geological observations suggests that (a) base level was down to −600 m below present‐day global sea level (bsl) during distal margin formation in the Aptian before sag and evaporite deposition, (b) base level was about −300/−400 m bsl at the end of evaporite deposition, and (c) scenarios with a fixed shallow base level (−400 m bsl) or with an increasing base level from an initially deep position (−1,600 m bsl) during evaporite deposition can both fit the observed evaporite distribution. However, erosional features along the base of evaporites suggest a deep initial base level.