Marginal Benefit Research Articles

A Transaction Cost Approach to Policy-Mandated Collaborations: Evidence from North Carolina

ABSTRACT In human services domains, policymakers mandate formal collaborations and alliances between public service agencies as part of policy implementation. We examine mandated child welfare collaborations in a stratified random sample of North Carolina counties, finding that agencies experienced frictions associated with collaboration fatigue and unclear goals. Access to private information, the ability to combine collaborations, and even serving lunch were conduits for successful collaboration. Agencies that did not engage faced high costs and saw little marginal benefit. We argue that policymakers looking to improve collaboration should communicate the value propositions to the agencies involved. They should also fund lunch.

Disturbance in Multitier Supply Chain Under Competition

Disturbances in production along with volatile demand have raised concerns over shortfalls in the global supply chain and prompted the need to build a more diversified supply chain with competitive suppliers. This research investigates the impact of disturbances on a two-tier supply chain network with asymmetric competing firms. We establish the equilibrium in a unique structure that represents the maximum set of profitable upstream supply paths achievable through competition and exhibits stability under specific conditions. We evaluate the efficiency of the supply chain configuration by a shortfall problem and solve it with an adapted pseudoflow algorithm that efficiently identifies the mismatches between shortfalls and capacity surpluses in the multitier network. The parametric analysis reveals that the disturbance loss can be significantly offset by supplier competition, although the marginal benefit of competition decreases rapidly with the number of suppliers. Furthermore, shortfalls could be magnified by network asymmetries that increase configuration inefficiency, and supply chain performance could be improved by pushing high-cost firms to cease production. Simulation results indicate that the supply chain with a moderate level of competition and a balanced configuration can be robust against disturbance and demand volatility.

Effects of low impact development on runoff pollution and water quality resilience in an urbanized estuary area

In urbanized estuary areas, water quality often deteriorates due to the impact of surface runoff or overflow during heavy rainfall events. Low impact development (LID) can mitigate this impact and improve water quality resilience. However, there were few studies on quantifying this effect of LID, particularly in estuary areas. In this study, water quality resilience is expressed as the abnormal rate of water quality during rainfall events and the time required for water quality to recover from abnormality to normal. In this study, a coupled Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code (EFDC) model is used to examine the effects of LID on runoff pollution and water quality resilience in the Shenzhen River estuary (including Shenzhen River and Deep Bay) in China. The results indicate that (1) The inflow volume into the estuary is not only affected by the drainage area but also by the service area and capacity of the sewer interception system; LID can reduce not only the stormwater runoff but also the overflow from the interception systems along rivers. (2) The marginal benefit of the LID proportion increase in pollution load reduction diminishes as the proportion of LID implementation increases. (3) LID can reduce the high value of pollution concentration caused by rainfall runoff; and the reduction effect on the rivers is greater than that on the bay. (4) The rivers and the estuary have a much higher abnormal rate than the inner bay and the outer bay; however, the estuary and the inner bay have longer recovery time than the rivers and the outer bay. The maximum abnormal rate, average abnormal rate, and recovery time of different indicators in the entire estuary area are decreased by 10%-189%, 6%-71%, and 0.8–1.1 cycles when the runoff from 80% of built-up area is treated by LID facilities; LID can significantly reduce abnormal rate of the rivers and recovery time of the inner bay. Therefore, the proposed metric and model can fully reflect the spatial variations in water quality resilience, and LID can enhance the water quality resilience of the urbanized estuary areas under rainfall.

The government's environmental attention and corporate green innovation: A threshold analysis and quantile regression approach.

Based on an analysis of 643 listed firms in clean technology sectors, this study explores the nonlinear impact of the government's environmental attention (GEA) on firms' green innovation by exploiting threshold and quantile regression techniques on Stata 17. We show that a double threshold exists when the level of the GEA is 51 or 104, above which the positive impact of the GEA on green innovation in cleantech firms significantly diminishes. The results from the quantile regression further indicate that cleantech firms receive almost no benefits from the GEA at lower levels of green innovation. Thus, policy-makers designing environmental policies should consider that the marginal benefit of environmental attention on green innovation wanes beyond certain levels, especially for firms that lack sufficient enthusiasm for innovation.

The Efficiency of Procurement Process, Organization Performance, and Product Training in Public Organization

The manufacturing sector is considered a key driver of economic progress across different sectors. Industrial products typically enjoy higher "terms of trade," making them more profitable and generating greater added value compared to products from other sectors. This is due to the sector’s diverse range of products and its ability to offer substantial marginal benefits to users. As a result, business players including manufacturers, distributors, traders, and investors are more inclined to participate in this sector because of its attractive profit margins. The government has implemented various initiatives to promote industrial development, which has in turn increased the demand for funding to support this growth, particularly in the industrial sector. In addition to relying on internal sources of finance, the government has been working to secure more external funding, such as foreign investment and foreign loans, to complement development efforts. Given the limited availability of funds, the government needs to adopt policies that open up more opportunities for both domestic and foreign private sector participation in national development. To support this, the government has enacted legislation such as Law No. 1 of 1967 on Foreign Investment (PMA) and Law No. 6 of 1968 on Domestic Investment (PMDN). These laws were later refined through Law No. 11 and Law No. 12 of 1970 and various deregulation policies, including the May 6, 1986 Package, Pakto 1993, and Government Regulation No. 20 of 1994. The government later reorganized its investment policies by passing Law No. 25 of 2007 concerning Capital Investment, which aimed to provide legal certainty, protection, and simplified licensing processes for both domestic and foreign investors. This law is designed to create a more favorable investment environment in Indonesia.

Lasers efficacy in pain management after primary and secondary endodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Postoperative pain is a common concern following root canal treatments (RCT), impacting both patients and oral health practitioners. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of laser treatment modalities in reducing postoperative pain compared to conventional methods after primary and secondary RCT in permanent mature teeth. A search of three electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and The Cochrane Library) was conducted, using a broad range of keywords and terms. Gray literature and manual searches were conducted to complement the search. The inclusion criteria included randomized clinical trials based on the objective of the secondary study. A minimum sample size of 10 participants per group and a clearly defined criterion for postoperative pain assessment were required. The characteristics of the included studies were presented as tables. The Cochrane collaboration tool RoB 2.0 was used to assess the risk of bias within each study. Two reviewers extracted the data and assessed the studies independently, and discrepancies were resolved through consultation with a third reviewer. A random-effects model was employed for meta-analysis to estimate the overall effect measure. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran’s Q test and the I2 index. Publication bias was explored via Funnel plots and Egger’s test. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were conducted to assess variations among laser methods and examine the influence of independent factors. The significance threshold for all analyses was set at 5% (α = 0.05). Intraoral laser therapy demonstrated no significant advantage over conventional treatments but consistently outperformed placebo, particularly from 4 to 72 h post-treatment. Low-level laser therapy provided slight pain reduction in the first 8 h, though its effectiveness diminished in retreatment scenarios. Photodynamic therapy and laser disinfection showed marginal benefits, especially shortly after treatment, with reduced efficacy in longer-term or retreatment contexts. Further research is needed to explore different applications of laser modalities and assess distinct prognostic factors in more detail.

Legal and economic perspectives on fair and equitable benefit sharing in the Nagoya Protocol.

Adopted in 2010 as a supplementary agreement to the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity, the Nagoya Protocol (NP) mandates the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources provided by Indigenous peoples. Member states must newly enact or amend domestic laws to align with the NP. Consequently, many countries are currently implementing legislative, administrative, and policy measures to ensure fair benefit sharing from the use of Indigenous genetic resources. We examined the inclusion of intellectual property (IP) protection in the sharing of benefits from research and development that utilizes Indigenous genetic resources. The NP does not specify guidelines for IP-related benefit sharing, leaving each member state to establish its own rules. We used an economics-based approach to explore the optimal scope and duration of IP protection for maximizing stakeholder interests, including those of Indigenous peoples, at the national level. The optimal duration of IP protection was when the marginal social cost and benefit of IP protection were equal. When this point occurred varied depending on various factors, such as the type of genetic resources in the country, existence of alternatives, number of users, and competing actors. The optimal scope of IP protection was when the social benefit of investment in fundamental research equaled the social benefit of application development. Likewise, this point of implementation also varied based on various factors, such as the type, uniqueness, potential for further discovery, and diversity of providers in the country.

Treating Alzheimer's Disease: Focusing on Neurodegenerative Consequences.

Neurodegenerative disorders involve progressive dysfunction and loss of synapses and neurons and brain atrophy, slowly declining memories and cognitive skills, throughout a long process. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading neurodegenerative disorder, suffers from a lack of effective therapeutic drugs. Decades of efforts targeting its pathologic hallmarks, amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, in clinical trials have produced therapeutics with marginal benefits that lack meaningful clinical improvements in cognition. Delivering meaningful clinical therapeutics to treat or prevent neurodegenerative disorders thus remains a great challenge to scientists and clinicians. Emerging evidence, however, suggests that dysfunction of various synaptogenic signaling pathways participates in the neurodegenerative progression, resulting in deterioration of operation/structure of the synaptic networks involved in cognition. These derailed endogenous signaling pathways and disease processes are potential pharmacological targets for the therapies. Therapeutics with meaningful clinical benefit in cognition may depend on the effectiveness of arresting and reversing the neurodegenerative process through these targets. In essence, promoting neuro-regeneration may represent the only option to recover degenerated synapses and neurons. These potential directions in clinical trials for AD therapeutics with meaningful clinical benefit in cognitive function are summarized and discussed.

Exploring the impact of digital economy on energy transition: Insights from natural resource rent dynamics

Digital economy is of great significance for countries to achieve energy transformation and sustainable development. However, the limited nature of natural resources has affected the development of digital economy. Although the research on digital economy and energy transition is increasing, few studies systematically link digital economy to energy transition from the perspective of natural resource rent. The FMOLS line regression and threshold nonlinear regression approaches are developed to quantify the linear and non-linear impact of digital economy on energy transition. The results of the linear model demonstrate that digital economy plays a more substantial role in driving energy transition in high-income countries compared to low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, there exists a threshold effect of natural resource rents on the impact of digital economy on energy transition. In cases where natural resource rents are low, the development of digital economy significantly promotes energy transition. Robustness tests, such as shortening the sample period and increasing control variables, confirm the reliability of regression findings. This study contributes by uncovering regional heterogeneity in the relationship between digital economy development and energy transition. Particularly for low- and middle-income countries with low natural resource rents, fostering digital technology’s positive impact on energy transition yields higher marginal benefits. High-income countries should continue investing in innovation and research and development for sustainable energy technologies, while low- and middle-income nations should seek international financial support and investment while maintaining minimal reliance on natural resources to harness the potential advantages offered by digital technologies.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Antimicrobial Chemoprophylaxis for Recurrent Acute Otitis Media in Children.

Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common childhood infection. Recurrent AOM affects a subset of children, resulting in an adverse impact on quality of life, socioeconomic disadvantage, and risk of long-term sequelae. Antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis is used in some settings but is increasingly controversial due to an awareness of adverse long-term effects and contribution to global antibiotic resistance. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken using Medline (1946-October 2023) and Embase (1974-October 2023). The primary aim was to assess the efficacy of antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis on AOM episodes in children < 18 years of age. Bias and quality assessment was performed. Dichotomous data were analysed using risk ratio with 95% confidence intervals. Meta-analysis was carried out using random-effects models for pooled analysis, independent of heterogeneity. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. The effect of antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis in children with rAOM on the number of individual AOM episodes. assessment of antimicrobial agents and outcomes in children with risk factors. Assessment of qualitative data was performed on 20 studies (n = 2210). No controlled trials were identified post-multivalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction, restricting current generalisability. Quantitative meta-analysis on nine pre-PCV studies (n = 1087) demonstrated antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis reduced any episode of AOM with a risk ratio 0.59 (95% CI 0.45-0.77). Families and clinicians must balance marginal short-medium term benefit (based on pre-PCV data), and the potential for adverse effects to that individual, and the societal risk of antimicrobial resistance with prolonged antibiotic use.

Is greener always healthier? Examining the nonlinear relationships between urban green spaces and mental health in Wuhan, China

Though much evidence demonstrates the benefits of urban green spaces (UGS) for mental health, it remains uncertain if a greener living environment necessarily leads to better mental health. This study makes up this gap by exploring the potential non-linear effects of UGS provision (availability, accessibility, visibility, quality) and utilization (frequency, duration) on mental health, focusing on their nonlinear patterns and thresholds. Using geospatial and social survey data from Wuhan, China, and controlling for socioeconomic, built, and social environmental factors, we find that: (1) Both UGS provision and utilization have significant nonlinear effects on mental health. (2) Inverted-U-shaped relationships exist between mental health and both UGS availability (measured by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI) and accessibility (distance to nearest park), with peak benefits observed at an NDVI of 0.25 or a distance of 0.24 km. A similar L-shaped relationship is observed for UGS visibility, suggesting that higher visibility does not necessarily translate to improved mental health. The positive health effects of UGS quality exist, yet offer marginal benefits. (3) UGS utilization plays a crucial mediating role, explaining up to 47 % of the relationship between visibility and mental health. This highlights the importance of active engagement with UGS for realizing mental health benefits, supporting the ‘environmental provision→individual behavior→mental health’ pathway. These findings provide urban planners with valuable dosage references for UGS allocation, emphasizing the need to consider both provision and factors promoting utilization to maximize mental health benefits within urban environments.

Challenges and advances in glioblastoma targeted therapy: the promise of drug repurposing and biomarker exploration.

Glioblastoma remains the most prevalent and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults, characterized by limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. Previous drug repurposing efforts have yielded only marginal survival benefits, particularly those involving inhibitors targeting receptor tyrosine kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase-retinoblastoma pathways. This limited efficacy is likely due to several critical challenges, including the tumor's molecular heterogeneity, the dynamic evolution of its genetic profile, and the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier that impedes effective drug delivery. Emerging diagnostic tools, such as circulating tumor DNA and extracellular vesicles, offer promising non-invasive methods for real-time tumor monitoring, potentially enabling the application of targeted therapies to more selected patient populations. Moreover, innovative drug delivery strategies, including focused ultrasound, implantable drug-delivery systems, and engineered nanoparticles, hold potential for enhancing the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of treatments.

Which socio-economic groups benefit most from public health expenditure in Senegal? A dynamic benefit incidence analysis

Despite efforts to enhance public investment in Senegal’s health sector, the equitable distribution of benefits between socioeconomic groups remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, our study examines the progressive (or regressive) nature of public health expenditure. Utilizing data from the latest survey on household living conditions (2018–2019) in conjunction with administrative data on health expenditure from the same period (provided by the Ministry of Health of Senegal), we performed a benefit incidence analysis. This entailed segmenting the population by poverty quintiles and subsequently estimating how each group utilized and benefitted from public health expenditure, according to level of care and geographical location. Additionally, we performed a marginal benefit analysis to discern the impact of an increase in public health expenditure on various socioeconomic groups. Our findings unveil a pro-rich distribution of benefits at both primary healthcare and hospital levels, observable both at national and regional levels. Moreover, disparities in the distribution of resource allocation between Senegal's 14 administrative regions were observed. Ultimately, our results indicate that under prevailing conditions, increasing public health expenditure would not yield a pro-poor distribution of benefits. Therefore, our research underscores the imperative of better targeting populations for greater equity between regions and social groups.

In-vitro fertilization experience with follitropin-delta in poor responders identified by POSEIDON Classification.

Controlled ovarian stimulation during in-vitro fertilization (IVF) is personalized based on anticipated hyper, normal, poor response. With respect to poor responders, who are often treated using higher gonadotropin dosing and combination of urinary and recombinant gonadotropins (rFSH) with marginal benefit, we report our experience with a newer, more potent rFSH (Follitropin-δ) undergoing IVF. Retrospective analysis of all IVF cycles in which follitropin-δ was used alone or combined with urinary gonadotropins over a 3-year period. Patients were grouped according to the POSEIDON Classification as expected low responders (POSEIDON 3-4; AMH<1.2; N.=45), unexpected low responders (POSEIDON 1-2; retrieval of ≤9 oocytes; N.=67) and those with a normal response (N.=93). Demographic, stimulation (including target number of retrieved oocytes [8 to14]), embryology and clinical outcome parameters (clinical pregnancy rate [CPR], live birth rate [LBR], cumulative live birth rate [cLBR]) were compared. Those categorized as POSEIDON patients were older, had lower ovarian reserve, were more likely to use a mixed protocol, less likely to reach the target oocytes retrieved (35.7% vs. 51.6%, P<0.001), and had a lower cLBR per patient (29.5% vs. 38.7%, P=0.006) when compared to non-POSEIDON patients. Expected low responders (POSEIDON 3-4) were older and had lower AMH when compared to unexpected low responders (POSEIDON 1-2), but no differences in the target of oocytes retrieved (33.3% vs. 37.3%, P=0.66) and cLBR (28.9% vs. 37.3%, P=0.06) were noted. In expected low responders, follitropin-δ can be used to optimize oocyte collection and clinical outcome though one may need to deviate from the algorithm-suggested dose. Future studies should explore stimulation modifications in unexpected low responders.

Embolic Ischemic Cortical Stroke in a Young Flight Instructor with a Small Patent Foramen Ovale

BACKGROUND: Stroke in young patients is frequently associated with a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Controversy exists over whether the PFO is a cause, a risk factor, or an incidental finding. Estimating the individualized risk of stroke recurrence has been difficult to ascertain. This has implications for aeromedical certification for pilots following stroke recovery. CASE REPORT: A 28-yr-old male flight instructor presented with sudden onset unilateral facial paresthesia, hand weakness, and blurred vision, accompanied by gradual onset bilateral headache. While the cranial symptoms resolved, left hand weakness persisted for 3 d. MRI revealed two punctate ischemic foci in the right precentral gyrus and superior parietal lobe. A transesophageal echocardiogram revealed a PFO with a small bidirectional shunt. His cardiologist and neurologist advised the PFO was unlikely to have caused his stroke and estimated an annual recurrence rate of &lt; 1.8%. He was treated medically and declined PFO closure. He was able to return to flying light-sport aircraft. However, an enduring copilot restriction for general aviation activities was placed on his Class 1 and 2 medical certificates. DISCUSSION: This case highlights the difficulty in determining individualized recurrence risks for pilots recovering from a stroke associated with a PFO. While medical treatment does reduce the risk of recurrence, PFO closure provides marginal additional benefit in certain patients with a risk of side effects. Contemporary evidence-based risk scoring systems combined with echocardiography findings may be used together to better risk stratify patients and suitability for medical aviation recertification. Rengel AC, Gericke C. Embolic ischemic cortical stroke in a young flight instructor with a small patent foramen ovale. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(10):784–787.

Debt and debt tax benefit: Evidence from Indonesia debt-to-equity cap reform

This study scrutinizes the effects of Indonesia’s 2016 debt-to-equity cap reform (thin capitalization rule) on capital structure, highlighting the role of debt tax benefits. The reform curtails debt tax benefits and furnishes a quasi-experimental setting, allowing a comparison between firms affected by the reform and those unaffected. Focusing on private firms and employing an entropy balancing weighted difference-in-difference approach, we elucidate that the reform results in a substantial 9.7 percentage point reduction in the debt ratio and a 5.3 percentage point increase in the stock ratio. Additionally, utilizing a pseudo tax cut reform framework combined with an isolated impact of the zero marginal debt tax benefit, we identify an implied tax elasticity of debt around 0.88, contributing to the observed decline in the debt ratio. Notably, smaller firms exhibit a more pronounced response, and the stock ratio undergoes a significant metamorphosis, suggesting the need for nuanced policy adjustments. Overall, the study underscores the profound influence of debt tax benefits in shaping corporate financing decisions.

Productivity and Profitability of Four Crops Based cropping Pattern in Jhenaidah District of Bangladesh

A field experiment was carried out at the farmers' field in the Kaliganj upazila for two consecutive years (2021-22, 2022-23). The experiment carried out in a multi-location testing site in the Jhenaidah district, under the Jashore region. The objective of the experiment was to enhance cropping intensity and productivity by incorporating T. Aus into the existing cropping pattern. The current cropping sequence consisted of T. Aman-Mustard-Mungbean, while the suggested cropping sequence included T. Aman- Mustard-Mungbean-T. Aus. The research findings showed that the rice equivalent yield (REY) in the suggested cropping pattern was 21 t ha-1, representing a 31.25% increased over the yield of existing pattern (16 t ha-1). The greater gross return (Tk. ha-1), gross margin (Tk. ha-1), and slightly higher marginal benefit cost ratio obtained from this four-crop-based cropping pattern suggest that the proposed pattern could be recommended for higher productivity and economic benefit in other parts of the Jashore region. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Agric, 38(1): 93-100, 2024

Are the ecological benefits of hydrological connectivity projects continuously increasing? Insights from the perspective of landscape patterns − ecosystem processes − ecosystem services

The construction of hydrological connectivity projects alters the natural morphology and hydrological rhythms of the basin, which can subsequently impact ecological processes and ecosystem services. Quantifying the impacts of hydrological connectivity projects on ecosystems is fundamental for providing theoretical support to researchers and policy makers. Ecological water conveyance projects (EWCP) aimed at ecological restoration are one type of hydrological connectivity projects. In this study, a multi-dimensional hydrological connectivity assessment framework is established to quantify the impacts of the EWCP on landscape patterns. Analytic Hierarchy Process − Entropy Method (AHP-EM) is used to calculate the integrated hydrological connectivity index (IHCI). Ecosystem processes are characterized by vegetation indexes and ecological indexes. The ecosystem services are quantified by ecosystem service value (ESV). An improved ESV calculation method is proposed to assess the ecological benefits of EWCP. This method not only captures the spatial heterogeneity information of land use, vegetation and ecological conditions but also integrates socioeconomic factors. The relationships between trade-offs and synergies among provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural ecosystem services are clarified to optimize the overall benefits. The results show that hydrological connectivity increases consistently with ecological water conveyance volume (EWCV). ESV is increased positively with IHCI and it shows a correlation with the distance to the riverbank. A new finding is that the ecological benefit shows an inflection point in 2010, which conforms to the “marginal benefit decreasing law”. These results provide a new insight on hydrological connectivity dynamics under the influence of EWCP, and the finding has guiding significance for efficient utilization of water resources in EWCP. The methodologies used in this research can be widely applied to other EWCPs.

How Farm Machinery Rental Services and Off-Farm Work Affect Household Income in China

(1) Background: Most nations struggle to close significant income gaps between high and low earners. While the adoption of farm machinery rental services and off-farm employment may be beneficial, it is unclear whether jointly applying both approaches can raise income levels in rural households or help narrow the income gap within the farm sector. This study investigated scenarios involving both participation in farm machinery rental markets and in off-farm work, analyzing their varied impacts on household incomes based on survey data from 1027 rice producers in rural China. (2) Methods: We employed a two-stage econometric procedure encompassing a bivariate ordered probit model with an endogeneity-corrected unconditional quantile regression model. (3) Results: Rice farmers often simultaneously rent farm machinery services and engage in off-farm work. Both activities positively affect their household incomes; however, these effects vary across different income levels. Renting farm machinery provides greater marginal benefits for lower-income households, while off-farm employment has a stronger impact on higher-income households. Farm machinery rental services appear to benefit disadvantaged households more than off-farm employment opportunities do. (4) Suggestions: To enhance the welfare of lower-income households, policymakers should focus on expanding access to farm machinery rental services.

Toward integrated dam assessment: evaluating multi-dimensional impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Sudan

Abstract The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Nile is expected to influence many ecosystem services, such as flood regulation, hydro-electricity production, food supply, and habitat provision, among others. Understanding these impacts (positive and negative) requires a comprehensive evaluation framework. This study develops and applies an integrated simulation framework for assessing the impacts of the GERD on Sudan, focusing on the simultaneous economywide effects of riverine flood hazards, irrigation water supply, hydropower generation, and floodplain-dependent industries, namely traditional fired clay brick production. The simulation framework incorporates three models: a river infrastructure system model, a flood model, and a Computable General Equilibrium Model. Results indicate positive impacts for hydropower generation and flood control, marginal benefits for water supply to existing irrigation, and negative consequences for brick production and the construction sector. Assuming that the GERD starts its long-term operation in 2025, we find an overall positive economic impact on Sudan’s Gross Domestic Product in 2025, with an increase of up to just over 0.1%, subject to river flow conditions. Recognizing the differences in impacts across sectors and income groups, the study emphasizes the need for interventions that ameliorate negative effects. While the study captures several impacts, other effects on the environment, recession agriculture, and soil fertility require further investigation. Still, our findings underscore the importance of adopting an integrated simulation approach to dam evaluation, acknowledging the interconnected nature of water and related sectors in national economies.