Marble Size Research Articles

Degradation of Rhodamine 6G dye using a novel glass-marble packed bed reactor-based cavitation

The current research focuses on cavitation-based cavitation treatment methods based on the employment of external oxidants for the degradation of Rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G) aqueous solution. Adsorption investigations, hydrogen peroxide detection, fluid velocity, and glass-marble size assessed the reactor performance. To further intensify the process, experiments on the combined impact of two additives have been carried out at their optimum loading concentration. In addition to lowering Rh 6 G content, lentil seeds were tested for cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on meristematic cells. Preliminary investigation on the impacts of fluid velocity, marble size, pH, and initial dye concentration found that higher velocity (87.18±1.00 m/s), smaller marble size (0.6 cm), lower pH (12.5), and lower dye concentration (10 ppm) were better for degradation. Treatment methods that use hydrogen peroxide along with glass-marble packed bed reactor-based cavitation result in noticeably superior results (96.35%) than those that use hydrogen peroxide alone (11.28%). The toxicological assessment indicates Rh 6G toxicity and the ineffectiveness of the prescribed treatment. In this work, glass-marble packed bed reactor-based cavitation-based treatment approaches were shown to be a better alternative for Rh 6G degradation and enable large-capacity applications similar to orifice-venturi based hydrodynamic cavitation reactors for industrial wastewater treatment.

Physiotherapy Rehabilitation in Subject with Scapular Osteochondroma: A Case Report

Introduction: The most prevalent benign tumour affecting the metaphysis of long bone is osteochondroma, a form of cartilaginous tumour. Solitary or multiple osteochondromas can prevail.Hereditary multiple exostosis (HME) or familial osteochondromatosis is the multiple variant, which is an autosomal dominant syndrome.
 Case Presentation: A 35-year old female with right-hand dominance was referred todepartment of physiotherapy. On palpation small nodular swelling of marble size was present in left axilla. X-rays findings showed increased scapular mass and ribs were compressed laterally.
 Discussion: The most widespread benign tumour is osteochondroma. In 3.0-6.4 percent of all instances, the scapula is implicated. The osteochondroma normally develops on the scapula's anterior aspect. The scapula osteochondroma induces pain and a grating sound when the scapula is moved. Mechanic irritation of muscle, tendon, or soft tissue, emergence of a pseudoaneurysm or bursa, fracture, or malignant transformation are all causes of symptoms.
 Conclusion: Osteochondroma is a common benign tumor. Management of osteochondroma is important to improve the quality of life. Physiotherapy plays an important role in managing Scapular osteochondroma.

REDUCING CRACKING AND ENHANCING COLORATION AND QUALITY OF WONDERFUL POMEGRANATES CULTIVAR BY SAFE TREATMENTS

Pomegranates fruit cracking and poor coloration of peel and aril are the main problems facing the expansion of its cultivation especially under arid condition in the desert. This study was conducted during the two successive seasons 2014 and 2015 on Wonderful pomegranates (Punica granatum L.). The trees were grown under drip irrigation system in a private orchard at Nubaria region, Beheira Governorate, Egypt. The trees were treated twice at weekly interval by using a hand sprayer to the run off point at the marble size withsome mineral nutrients to reduce fruit cracking. The treatments included: water spray (as the control), calcium borate at 100 ppm, calcium borate at 200 ppm, zinc chelated with EDTA at 100 ppm, zinc chelated with EDTA at 200 ppm and finally calcium nitrate at 1% (W/V). Moreover, to enhance coloration of pomegranates peel and aril, at maturity the trees were treated with the control (water spray), ProTone (ABA 1%) at 100 ppm, ProTone at 100 ppm plus glycerol at 1% (V/V), ProTone at 100 ppm plus potassium sulphate at 1% (W/V), ProTone at 100 ppm plus potassium sulphate at 1% and glycerol at 1% (V/V), glycerol at 1% (V/V) and finally potassium sulphate at 1% (W/V). The non-ionic surfactant Top film at 0.05% (V/V) was added to all treatments. The results proved that calcium borate at 200 ppm treatment was more effective on reducing cracking and sun scald of pomegranate fruits. In addition, the results revealed that the formulation containing ProTone plus potassium sulphate and glycerol had a consistent effect on increasing anthocyanin content in the peel, when compared with the control or with ProTone alone. Moreover, anthocyanin content of the arils was significantly increased by application ProTone along with glycerol or ProTone plus potassium sulphate and glycerol in both seasons. Meanwhile, electrolyte leakage of the aril was similar for most applications. There was also a significant increase in total sugars by various ProTone-containing formulations relative to the control in the juice. Thus, this study recommended applying ProTone in a formulation containing potassium sulphate and glycerol in order to enhance coloration and quality of Wonderful pomegranates in a consistent manner under field conditions.

Effect of different insecticides in the control of mango nut weevil (Sternochaetus mangiferae F.)

Among the insecticides tested against nut weevil, carbaryl was effective in reducing the nut weevil infestation followed by endosulfan and malathion. Two applications of insecticides given at the time of flowering and marble size fruit stage were equally effective as in three sprays given at flowering marble size, fruit stage and advanced fruit development stage.

Effect of Foliar Nutrition on Growth, Yield and Quality of Mango

The study was conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Pudukkottai district of Tamil Nadu during 2012–2013 to study the effect of foliar nutrition on growth, yield and quality of mango. The investigation was carried out in three treatments which consisted of TO1: soil application 1.0:1.0:1.5kg/tree NPK + 50kg FYM (Control), TO2: TO1 + Foliar application of sulphate of potash (SOP) at the rate of 2 percent during flowering stage, peanut size stage and third spray 15 days after second spray. TO3: TO1+Foliar application of mango special @0.5 percent recommended by the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru during June - August, November- December, peanut size and marble size stages. Different growth parameters viz. plant height, canopy height, plant spread (N-S, E-W) were not influenced significantly by foliar nutrition but found higher under treatment TO3 and lowest in TO1. Regarding fruiting parameters, the treatment TO3 resulted in low fruit drop, maximum number of fruits/panicle, longer fruit length and breadth, fruit weight, pulp weight, number of fruits per tree, fruit yield per hectare. All the fruit quality parameters were found non-significant except total soluble solids (TSS) due to application of NPK and micronutrients. TSS were found highest (22.54°brix) in TO3 treatment followed by TO2 (21.95°brix). The acidity was found lowest in TO3 and TO2 treatments and highest in TO1 but the differences were non-significant. Pulp: Stone ratio and pulp: peel ratio did not differ significantly due to foliar nutrition. However, the treatment TO3 recorded the highest and treatment TO1 lowest pulp: stone and pulp peel ratio. The shelf life of mango fruit was influenced by foliar nutrition. The TO3 and TO2 resulted in the maximum storage period (>12 days) at room temperature whereas it was 9 days in control group.

Revisiting the surface tension of liquid marbles: Measurement of the effective surface tension of liquid marbles with the pendant marble method

The effective surface tension of liquid marbles coated with polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, lycopodium, carbon black and hydrophobized SiO2 powder particles is discussed. It was established with the pendant-droplet method under inflation and deflation (evaporation) of liquid marbles. The effective surface tension depends strongly on the marble volume and demonstrates the pronounced hysteretic behavior. The phenomenological model predicting the linear dependence of the effective surface tension of marbles on their inverse surface area is proposed. The model is validated experimentally. Three “surface phases” are distinguished under inflation and deflation of marbles, some of which are featured by the predicted linear dependence of the effective surface tension on the inverse surface area of marbles. It turned out that the notion of the effective surface tension of a surface covered with solid particles is ambiguous, since this quantity depends on the pathway of its measurement and on the marble size.

Causal analysis of a glovebox glove breach

Programmatic operations at the Los Alamos National Laboratory Plutonium Facility (TA-55) involve working with plutonium and other highly toxic, alpha-emitting materials in gloveboxes. Evaluating the glovebox configuration, the glovebox gloves are the weakest part of this engineering control. Recognizing this vulnerability, the TA-55 Glovebox Glove Integrity Program (GGIP) was developed to minimize loss of confinement of the glovebox through an opening in the glove, i.e., a breach or failure. A key element of this program is to perform causal analyses of breaches and failures. In the following report, the causal analysis methodology is defined below, and one case study is presented. The contributing factors that caused a marble size hole in glovebox glove during the repair of an auger are analyzed. Underlying conditions, decisions, actions, and inactions that contribute to the event are identified. This includes weaknesses that may warrant improvements that tolerate error. Measures that reduce consequences or likelihood of recurrence are discussed.

Mechanical properties of polypropylene-fiber reinforced concrete after gamma irradiation

Fiber reinforced concretes (FRCs) exhibit property improvement caused by the fibers. By using gamma radiation we have further improved mechanical properties of hydraulic concretes elaborated with Portland cement, water, silica sand, marble and polypropylene (PP) fibers. Compression strength, compression modulus, impact strength and dynamic elastic modulus were determined. Impact fatigue testing is a convenient way to evaluate non-irradiated concretes. We find improvement of the strength and elastic modulus – dependent on PP fiber concentration, marble particle sizes and the applied dose. Both the compressive strength and the elastic modulus are the highest for concrete with 1.5 vol% of PP fibers. The compressive strength value at that PP fibers concentration, the average marble size of 1.4 mm and irradiated at 50 kGy is higher by 19% with respect to non-irradiated concrete. For 9.5 mm marbles the analogous improvement amounts to 25% but for the dose of 10 kGy.

Enhancing cropping of Navel orange by different agrochemicals<br>foliar sprays

The present investigation was carried out during the two successive growing seasonsof 2003 and 2004 on Washington Navel orange trees grown at El-Tarh region, El-BeheraGovernorate of Egypt. In order to study the effect of spraying the trees with differentagrochemicals on vegetative growth, fruit drop, fruit retention and yield. Trees were divided intotwo groups , the first group was subjected to the foliage treatments when the fruit reached pea size(5 mm in diameter) and the second group at marble size (15 mm in diameter). Foliar sprays ofurea or 2, 4-D alone at pea or marble stage significantly increased vegetative growth. In general,foliar sprays of 2, 4-D alone or with the different calcium compounds at pea or marble stagesignificantly increased fruit retention and decreased fruit drop after June drop. Final fruit retentionwas increased (23 - 69% over the control) and pre-harvest fruit drop was decreased (63 to 100%compared to the control) by spraying boric acid or 2, 4-D alone at the pea stage in both seasons.Spraying calcium superphosphate alone at the marble stage caused an increase in final fruitretention by 33 - 7% and a decrease in pre-harvest fruit drop by 61 -72% over the control in bothseasons.

Effect of cobalt and silver ions and naphthaleneacetic acid on fruit retention in mango (Mangifera indica L.)

The effect of aqueous spray of cobalt nitrate, silver nitrate or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on fruit retention in mango (Mangifera indica L.) was investigated at Tando Jam, Pakistan. The chemicals were applied to immature fruits at pea size (5-6 mm) and again 2 weeks later when the fruitlets had developed to marble size (10-15 mm). Three cultivars, Sindhri, Langra (3 seasons) and Dasehari (4 seasons), were tested and it was observed that all concentrations of the chemicals significantly (P<0.05) increased fruit retention. In Sindhri, cobalt nitrate, silver nitrate and NAA treatments increased yields by 106-165%, 89-146% and 94-115%, respectively, and in Langra by 100-135%, 98-138% and 95-118%. Whole tree sprays of cv. Dasehari with Co(NO3)2 at 100 mg/L, AgNO3 at 100 mg/L, and NAA at 20 mg/L yielded 129%, 66% and 54% more fruit than the control.